JP2014530736A - エーロゾル流の解析と制御 - Google Patents
エーロゾル流の解析と制御 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
エーロゾル流を生成する流量装置;
光源装置及び前記エーロゾル流と相互作用した光を検出する光検出器;
前記光源装置の制御と光信号を解釈する制御装置
を有する。
前記光源装置に第1波長の第1信号を供させ、かつ、第1検出光信号を記録するように制御し、
前記光源装置に第2波長の第2信号を供させ、かつ、第2検出光信号を記録するように制御し、かつ、
前記エーロゾルの粒径を示す値を得るように、前記第1検出光信号と前記第2検出光信号を処理する、
ように構成されて良い。
エーロゾル流を生成する段階;
光源装置を制御して第1波長の第1信号を供し、かつ、第1検出光信号を記録する段階;
光源装置を制御して第2波長の第2信号を供し、かつ、第2検出光信号を記録する段階;
前記第1検出光信号と前記第2検出光信号を処理することで前記エーロゾルの粒径を示す値を得る段階;
を有する。
− 暗測定を実行する段階;
− 参照用透過測定を実行して、参照用透過測定から前記暗測定を減じて第1透過値Trを得る段階;
− 参照用反射測定を実行して、参照用反射測定から前記暗測定を減じて第1反射値Rrを得る段階;
− エーロゾル発生装置のスイッチをオンにする段階;
− 暗測定を実行する段階;
− 透過測定を実行して、透過測定から前記暗測定を減じて第2透過値Tを得る段階;
− 反射測定を実行して、反射測定から前記暗測定を減じて第2反射値Rを得る段階;
を有する。
− 所謂消滅長lext。lextは、直接透過する(散乱されない)光における強度I=I0exp(-z/lext)の損失に特有である。I=I0exp(-z/lext)における損失は吸収と散乱の両方に起因する。ここでI0は入射強度である。実質的に白色の(非吸収性)媒体では、lextはlsca−つまり散乱平均自由行程−に置き換えられる。
− 所謂輸送平均自由行程ltra(ときに還元された散乱長(reduced scattering length)とも呼ばれる)。ltraは、散乱媒体中の大半の領域での実効拡散長である。ltraは、光が元の伝播方向との相関を失う固有長さである。
− 媒体のサイズ又は厚さd。
ltra=lsca/(1-<cosθ>)
ここでθは散乱角である。粒子が全方向において等しい量の光を散乱する場合、散乱角の平均余弦はゼロとなるので、ltra=lscaとなる。
幾何学断面積:σgeo=πr2
散乱断面積:σsca
吸収断面積:σabs
合計断面積又は消滅断面積:σext=σsca+σabs
消滅長:lext=(n0σext)-1
粒子の「白さ」又はアルベド:a=σsca/σext
散乱性能係数:Qsca=σsca/σgeo
散乱平均自由行程:lsca=(n0σsca)-1
散乱係数:μs=1/lsca
非弾性長:lin=alsca/(1-a)=lext/(1-lext/lsca)=(1/lext-1/lsca)-1
放射圧力の断面積:σpr
運動量移行の性能指数:Qpr=σpr/σgeo
輸送平均自由行程:ltra=(n0σpr)-1
補正散乱係数:μs’=1/ltra
減衰長:latt=ltra/√(3(1-a)ltra/(alsca))=√(ltralin/3)
吸収係数:μa=μs(1-a)/a
減衰係数:κ=√(3μaμs’)=√(3(1-a)/(alscaltra))=√(3μs’(1/lext-1/lsca))
図6は、空気(屈折率1)中での水滴(屈折率1.33)の消滅効率Qext及び放射圧の効率Qprをサイズの関数として示している。これは、Mieの散乱理論−これは球体からの電磁波の散乱についての厳密な説明を与える−によって計算することができる。
I=I0exp(-z/lext)≒I0(1-z/lext)
距離zは既知である。すべてのエーロゾルはビームを通過しなければならない。よって、局所的な不透明度が多重散乱を防止するのに十分な程度に低い限り、小さな濃度差は問題にならない。光吸収は重要ではない。そのため消滅断面積と散乱断面積は等しい(Qsca=Qext)。
I≒I0(1-3fQscaz/(2d))
ここでI0はビーム路中にエーロゾルが存在しない状態での検出強度である。散乱断面積は、粒径の範囲では顕著に変化せず、所与のサイズ分布ではQsca=2.4に近づく。
ネブライザーの典型的な値は以下の通りである。
− 所望の粒径:d=4μm
− 選ばれた波長:λ=880nm(対応するサイズパラメータx=14.3)
− 光源−検出器の距離:z=14mm
体積分率fは、流体の流量をエーロゾルの流量で除した値Df/Daに等しい。つまりf=Df/Daである。典型的なエーロゾル流量はDa=30[l/min]である。典型的な流体の流量はDf=1[ml/min]である。
Claims (15)
- エーロゾル流を生成する流量装置;
光源装置及び前記エーロゾル流と相互作用した光を検出する光検出器;
前記光源装置の制御と光信号を解釈する制御装置
を有し、
前記制御装置は、
前記光源装置に第1波長の第1信号を供させ、かつ、第1検出光信号を記録するように制御し、
前記光源装置に第2波長の第2信号を供させ、かつ、第2検出光信号を記録するように制御し、かつ、
前記エーロゾルの粒径を示す値を得るように、前記第1検出光信号と前記第2検出光信号を処理する、
ように構成される、
エーロゾル生成システム。 - 前記光検出器が、前記エーロゾル流を通過した光を検出することを目的とする、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- エーロゾル液体に加えられる色素をさらに有する、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記光検出器が、前記エーロゾル流によって反射又は散乱された光を検出することを目的とする、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- エーロゾル液体に加えられる蛍光添加物をさらに有する、請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記制御装置はさらに、前記の検出された光信号から前記エーロゾル濃度を得るように構成される、請求項1乃至5のうちいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記光源装置が、前記エーロゾル流に沿った様々な位置に存在する複数の光源を有し、
各光源用に検出器が供され、
前記制御装置は、前記エーロゾル流に沿った様々な位置で検出された光信号から前記エーロゾルの速度を導出するように構成される、
請求項6に記載のシステム。 - 前記制御装置が、時間遅延を変化させて、前記エーロゾル流に沿った様々な位置で受信された信号に交差相関を適用し、その結果各異なる位置間での前記エーロゾル流の時間遅延を決定する、請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 前記光検出器が、偏光の寄与と非偏光の寄与とを分離することで散乱量を決定するように構成される、請求項1乃至8のうちいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記流量装置を制御する流量装置用制御装置;及び、
前記流量装置が前記エーロゾル流の監視されたパラメータを考慮するためのフィードバックループ;
を有する、請求項1乃至9のうちいずれか一項に記載のシステム。 - エーロゾル流を生成する段階;
光源装置を制御して第1波長の第1信号を供し、かつ、第1検出光信号を記録する段階;
光源装置を制御して第2波長の第2信号を供し、かつ、第2検出光信号を記録する段階;
前記第1検出光信号と前記第2検出光信号を処理することで前記エーロゾルの粒径を示す値を得る段階;
を有する、エーロゾルを生成する方法。 - 前記エーロゾル流を通過した光を検出する段階、又は、前記エーロゾル流によって反射若しくは散乱された光を検出する段階を有する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記の検出された光信号から前記エーロゾル濃度を得る段階を有する、請求項11又は12に記載の方法。
- 時間遅延を変化させて、前記エーロゾル流に沿った様々な位置で受信された信号に交差相関を適用することによって、前記エーロゾル流に沿った様々な位置で前記光信号から前記エーロゾルの速度を導出することで、各異なる位置間での前記エーロゾル流の時間遅延を決定する段階を有する、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記流量装置を制御することで前記流量装置が前記エーロゾル流の監視されたパラメータを考慮するフィードバックループを利用する段階をさらに有する、請求項11乃至14のうちいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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