JP6086523B2 - Oil palm compact - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an oil palm compact obtained from oil palm (oil palm), which is a kind of palm. This oil palm compact is used for building floor materials and wall materials, building materials such as partition materials, furniture materials, boats and other boats, other indoor and outdoor decks and play equipment, and exterior and interior of vehicle body bodies. It can be done.
In general, “board” is described as “thin timber thin and flat” or “thin metal or stone thin and flat” according to Kojien, but here, oil palm is made of wood. Although it does not have properties, it has properties close to bamboo, but in oil palm, “thin and flat” is called “plate”. Moreover, since there is no term which calls the material of an oil palm in detail, it shall treat like the wood. In addition, since the boundary line between the “plate” and the “pillar” is not clear, they are used without distinction.

  In general, an oil palm tree consists of a single trunk and reaches a height of 10 to 20 m or more. The leaves are wing-shaped and about 3-5 m long, about 30 young trees a year, and about 20 new trees grow over 10 years old. The flower is composed of 3 petals and 3 cocoons, each of which forms a small but dense group, and it takes about 6 months from fruiting until the fruit ripens. The fruit consists of a fleshy flesh (medium peel) with a lot of oil and one seed that is also rich in oil, and the weight of the fruit is about 40-50 kg per bunch.

  It has been cultivated in plantations in Southeast Asia since the latter half of the 19th century. Palm oil, a vegetable oil that can be extracted from oil palm, is more productive and cheaper than other vegetable oils such as soybeans and rapeseed. Therefore, it is used for foods such as margarine and oil for fried foods. It is also widely used in soaps and cosmetics. In recent years, palm oil has been exported from Southeast Asia such as Malaysia and Indonesia to Japan. Therefore, oil palm sometimes refers to the meaning of fats and oils that can be taken from the pulp and seeds and the trunk of the oil palm itself.

In general, oil palm is a collective term for plants classified into the genus Palmae, and is famous for two types: Elaeis guineensis, native to West Africa, and Elaeis oleifera, native to Latin America. Among the cultivars, there is a hybrid of Guinea oil palm and American oil palm. In particular, oil palm (oil palm), which is a kind of palm used as a raw material for vegetable oils and fats, may be referred to as “oil palm”.
In other words, oil palm takes fats and oils from pulp and seeds, and the amount of fats and oils obtained per unit area is superior to other plants, so large-scale plantations mainly in Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia as commercial crops. Because agriculture is carried out, it may be becoming more prominent to call the oil and fat “oil palm”.
However, in the present invention, it does not mean the oil palm of fats and oils that can be taken from the pulp and seeds, but the trunk of the oil palm itself or the whole plant is called oil palm.

  Patent applications dealing with this oil palm include those disclosed in Patent Document 1 (invention dealing with empty fruit bunch). In patent document 1, the manufacturing method of the building material using oil palm is disclosed. Specifically, after the palm fiber is washed, it is dried so that the dry oil becomes 95%, and the dried palm fiber is broken and cut in units of 1 to 1.5 cm to produce a palm fiber chip. Pulverizing the dried palm fiber with a particle size of 200 mesh, pulverizing bamboo with a particle size of 200 mesh, the palm fiber chip, the palm fiber powder, the bamboo powder, and the bioceramic powder Are prepared in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1 to produce a main raw material, a step of extracting fly ash having a particle size of 200 mesh from coal carbide, a flame inhibitor and a heat resistant resin. A step of producing a binder by mixing and melting a flame retardant resin for curing at a ratio of 1: 1, 20-30% by weight of the produced binder, 50-60% by weight of the mixed main raw material, fly ash 2 A step of mixing -25% by weight of powder and kneading in a high liquid state, a step of passing the bend through a forming part that radiates a temperature of 150 to 200 ° C. and baking it first, and the baked molded product Rolling between a plurality of upper roller groups and lower roller groups that are arranged so that the intervals gradually become narrower toward the rear side and gradually rolling to a thin thickness; A step of freezing at 0 to 4 ° C. while passing through a cooling part composed of a number of upper roller groups and a lower roller group, and a step of cutting the molded product by a unit of a certain length by a blade that is raised and lowered by a cutting cylinder It consists of processes.

  In this patent document 1, not only is it harmless to the human body by using palm fiber as the main raw material, but the palm fiber is cut with 1 to 1.5 cm and used together with palm fiber powder. It becomes a solid building material by acting as a temporary bridge with other contents, and antibacterial and deodorizing functions can be realized by bamboo and bioceramics. Further, generation of far infrared rays and anions can be expected without generating mold. And nonflammable waste material can be recycled and manufacturing cost becomes cheap. Furthermore, since no toxic gas is generated from all the compositions, it is said to be highly safe as a building material.

Further, in Patent Document 2 (invention dealing with empty fruit bunches), the plate-like body or molded body is made by attaching a resin having rubber-like elasticity to the oil palm fibers obtained by defibrating the empty fruit bunches of oil palm. A plate-like body or a molded body obtained by compression molding.
Therefore, the oil palm fiber obtained by defibrating the empty fruit bunch of oil palm has a fiber repellent property because, for example, palm oil adheres to the fiber surface compared to other palm fibers such as coconut palm fiber. The aqueous solution is excellent, and the amount of cellulose and lignin contained in the fiber is relatively large, so that the water resistance is excellent. In addition, the oil palm fiber has a high fiber strength, a large fiber diameter, and a long fiber length as compared with other palm fibers such as a coconut fiber, and therefore has excellent dimensional stability. In addition, since the oil palm fiber has large irregularities on the surface and high bending strength, and the entanglement between the fibers is large, the dimensional stability is also enhanced by this. Therefore, this plate-shaped body or molded body has excellent dimensional stability during water absorption and moisture absorption.
And since the irregularities on the surface of the oil palm fiber are large, the resin exhibiting rubber-like elasticity penetrates into the voids on the surface of the oil palm fiber and solidifies or hardens, which acts like a nail or wedge, so-called anchor effect. Therefore, the oil palm fiber is strongly bonded to the resin having rubber-like elasticity. This is also considered to contribute to the improvement of dimensional stability at the time of water absorption and moisture absorption.

The oil palm fiber is superior in elasticity recovery properties, for example, because the fiber has a large rigidity and strength, a large fiber diameter, and a long fiber length, compared to other palm fibers such as coconut fiber. Yes. Further, the oil palm fiber has high fiber bending strength and large entanglement between the fibers, so that the elastic recovery is improved. And the resin which shows rubber-like elasticity has high elastic recovery property. Therefore, a plate-like body or molded body in which oil palm fibers are connected by a resin exhibiting rubber-like elasticity exhibits excellent elastic recovery, good walking feeling and cushioning properties, and good sound insulation.
Since this plate-like body or molded body uses oil palm fiber, less labor is required for defibration, etc., compared to other types of palm fiber, so that manufacturing costs and energy can be reduced, and the product is inexpensive. Become. For example, coconut fiber is immersed in water for a long period of time to soften the coconut shell, and then requires a great deal of energy for a long period of time to be mechanically fibrillated. On the other hand, oil palm defibrates empty fruit bunches that are originally in the form of fibers, so that there is no need for immersion in water, and very little energy is required for defibration. In addition, oil palm fibers have less dusting properties than coconut fibers, and the working environment can be prevented from deteriorating in handling.
Furthermore, since a large gap is formed between the fibers of the oil palm fiber, when a resin exhibiting rubber-like elasticity is supplied by spraying or dipping, the resin adheres evenly to all the fibers through the gap, and the strength distribution is A plate state of being uniform is obtained.

And in patent document 3 (invention of an oil palm trunk), the technique of the plywood which made the adhesive penetrate | infiltrate the fiber exposed on the surface of the several single board bonded together with the adhesive agent is disclosed.
The palm plywood according to Patent Document 3 includes a plurality of single plates bonded with a resin adhesive, and at least one of the plurality of single plates is a palm single plate, and the palm single plate A resin adhesive is infiltrated into the palm fiber exposed on the surface. By using a palm veneer that can be manufactured from a palm trunk of inexpensive waste material, the surface is treated with a resin adhesive without using a veneer veneer with relatively good quality as a face and a back. Therefore, plywood is manufactured at low cost.
Moreover, the palm plywood of patent document 3 uses all the single veneers as palm veneers, uses only palm veneers that can be manufactured from palm trunks of inexpensive waste materials, and bonds them together with a resin adhesive. Also good. The resin adhesive permeated into the palm fiber at this time is the same type as the resin adhesive that bonds a plurality of single plates. Since the resin adhesive is the same system, the plywood can be manufactured at low cost. Here, the term “same system” includes the same resin adhesive and a composition whose composition (for example, composition ratio) is changed.

And the palm plywood of patent document 3 makes the palm fiber penetrate | infiltrate a resin adhesive after grind | polishing the surface which makes a palm fiber osmose | permeate a resin adhesive, reduces the palm fiber which protrudes from the plywood surface, and resin to palm fiber. The adhesive is permeated. This plywood manufacturing method includes a step of bonding a plurality of veneers with an adhesive, a step of polishing a surface of the plurality of veneers that allows the adhesive to penetrate into exposed fibers, and a polished surface. Applying adhesive to infiltrate the adhesive into the fiber and drying the adhesive, which makes it possible to use a relatively good quality wood veneer as a face and back without using it Plywood can be manufactured at cost.
Thus, according to Patent Document 3, a plywood, a palm plywood, and a plywood manufacturing method that can be manufactured at a low cost without using a single veneer of a relatively good quality tree as a face and a back are disclosed. Yes.

JP 2009-166342 A JP-A-10-8696 JP 2011-68015 A

As described above, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 both use oil palm fibers obtained by defibrating empty fruit bunches of oil palm fruits, and do not directly use oil palm trunks. Absent. However, the trunk of the oil palm is 20 m or more in mature wood, and its utilization is desired because it is a volume ratio occupying 90 to 95% of the whole.
Especially in Southeast Asia such as Malaysia, oil palm is cultivated for the production of palm oil, but the empty fruit bunch after palm oil collection contains a lot of fiber etc. Is used in various applications such as fiber boards. However, palm trunks that are harvested every year are not used effectively and are currently being disposed of.
Patent Document 3 discloses a process in which at least one outermost single plate is bonded to a palm single plate with a plurality of resin adhesives, and the surface of the palm single plate is a resin adhesive on the exposed palm fibers. Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a plywood, comprising: a step of polishing a surface that impregnates a surface; a step of applying a resin adhesive to the polished surface to infiltrate the resin adhesive into palm fibers; and a step of drying the resin adhesive. ing. However, it is unclear how to apply the resin adhesive to the oil palm veneer or to penetrate the exposed palm fiber, and a specific method for manufacturing plywood Is unknown. At least, it is premised on the use of a resin adhesive in which a single plate of oil palm is bonded with a plurality of resin adhesives.

Therefore, the technology of Patent Document 3 is generally called plywood, lauan plywood called veneer material, Chinese plywood with a surface of the lauan plywood and a Chinese plywood finished. Is the same. However, laminating a palm single plate with a plurality of resin adhesives has a sponge-like softness, and its use is limited.
Therefore, the oil palm trunks that are harvested every year are not used effectively, and only the technology of making plywood with the material from which the oil palm trunks are peeled is introduced. However, oil palm has a rough surface, and is highly likely to become powder and dust during transportation or use as a building material.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve such problems, and without mechanically discarding the trunk of the oil palm, and using the components that the oil palm originally has, the mechanical strength is increased. An object of the present invention is to provide an oil palm compact that can be used as an inexpensive material that cannot be easily pulverized.

The oil palm compact according to the invention of claim 1 cuts out an oil palm base material having a predetermined width, thickness, and length from the trunk of the oil palm, and the cut out oil palm base material has a predetermined temperature under a predetermined temperature condition. The oil palm is fixed by compressing by applying a compressive force, and lowering the temperature to a predetermined temperature and releasing the pressure after a predetermined time while restricting the expansion in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the applied compressive force. Consolidation is performed using a resin component and a sugar component contained in the base material, and the thickness of the compacted oil palm base material is such that the vascular bundle is not destroyed.
Here, an oil palm base material of a predetermined shape made from an oil palm trunk is cut into a predetermined width, thickness and length, and a rotary race is performed while rotating the oil palm trunk of a predetermined length in the circumferential direction. Any oil palm thin plate having a predetermined width, thickness, and length formed by peeling off from the outer periphery to a predetermined thickness may be used.
Consolidation is a process of compressing a base material such as the oil palm base material by applying a predetermined compressive force under a predetermined temperature condition, and lowering the temperature to a predetermined temperature after a predetermined time has elapsed. This is a process of compressing the base material at a predetermined compression rate by immobilization.

The vascular bundle of the oil palm trunk is almost circular (maximum length + minimum length) / 2, and the average diameter of the vascular bundle (arithmetic mean = arithmetic mean) is 0.4 to 1.2 mm in thickness. There is a conduit formed in it. The thickness of the vascular bundle varies greatly depending on the position of the oil palm trunk, and is generally thin on the upper side and thick on the root side. Further, from the position of the cut surface of the oil palm trunk, the cross section of the vascular bundle on the outer peripheral side is thin and gradually becomes thicker toward the center.
When the vascular bundle of the oil palm base material is broken, it becomes a surface that has been crushed (the thorns are easy to be pierced), and the surface is not different from the surface that is not compacted. In particular, the destruction of vascular bundles is harder than usual, which makes handling difficult. Therefore, a state where a hard squeak does not stand is specified.

  While restricting the elongation in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the applied compressive force, the compressive force is applied to the oil palm base material from a specific direction. The oil palm base material softens and flows in the vertical direction against the compressive force applied. If the elongation in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the compressive force is not restricted, the entire oil palm base material flows out from the position where the compressive force is applied and gathers in a place where the compressive force is not applied. Therefore, in order to prevent the oil palm base material that has been softened even if a compressive force is applied to the outer periphery of the oil palm base material from flowing out, the elongation in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the compressive force is restricted. is there.

By the way, as the trunk of the oil palm, its varieties, production areas, etc. are not particularly limited. Therefore, a trunk that is scheduled to be discarded is used, but a trunk that is young may be used. Moreover, the drying method of the board obtained as the oil palm base material is not particularly limited, and may be naturally dried or artificially dried, but artificial drying is more expensive. It is.
Here, Lawan, which is generally used for building materials (building materials), etc., forms a secondary xylem composed of cell (dead cell) tissues where movement of water and nutrients has stopped. On the other hand, the trunk of oil palm is composed only of primary tissues of vascular bundles and parenchymal cells. Is extremely high. In addition, the oil palm trunk is rich in saccharides (eg, fructose, glucose, fructooligosaccharides, inositol, etc.). For this reason, when the thickness of the oil palm base material from the oil palm trunk is thick, bacteria such as molds propagate and corrode easily by natural drying, and productivity and commercial value are impaired. On the other hand, when artificially drying, the cost becomes high. Therefore, according to the experimental study by the present inventors, by setting the thickness of the oil palm base material obtained from the oil palm trunk within the range of 3 mm to 35 mm, the product value and productivity due to bacteria such as mold even in natural drying can be obtained. It has been confirmed that the cost can be reduced without causing a decrease.

Furthermore, the lamination of a plurality of sheets in the direction perpendicular to the fiber direction of the oil palm base material means that the surface in the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the fiber such as a vascular bundle, that is, the length of the vascular bundle other than the end face and the end face of the tree It means that the layers are laminated in a plane parallel to the direction, and may be laminated with the same fiber direction, may be laminated with the fiber directions orthogonal to each other, and the number of the sheets may be an odd number. It may be an even number. Further, the total number of stacked layers may be two or more.
In addition, heating and compressing the entire thickness of the dried oil palm base material by applying an external force in a direction perpendicular to the fiber direction in the heated state means at least compressing in the loading direction of the oil palm base material It means that the area corresponding to the mouth end surface is reduced, that is, so-called compression direction is specified and compression processing is performed. This compression processing can be formed, for example, by setting the moisture content of the oil palm base material to be substantially uniform, heating and compressing under predetermined conditions, and fixing, and with the predetermined conditions at this time The temperature, pressure, time, compression speed, and the like to be determined are determined in advance by experiments or the like using the target compression rate as a parameter.

And the oil palm base material is joined by the above-mentioned compaction processing, and the whole air-dry specific gravity is 0.8 or more. All base materials laminated by a plurality of layers are joined together by compaction processing without using an adhesive. It means that the air-drying specific gravity of the whole compacted material in the state is 0.8 or more.
Here, the air-dry specific gravity is the specific gravity when the wood is dried in the air, and is usually expressed by the specific gravity when the moisture content is 15%, and water having the same volume as the weight when the wood is dried. It is the value which compared the weight of. The larger the value, the heavier, the smaller the lighter.
In addition, the air-dry specific gravity of 0.8 or more, which is the whole of the compacted by compaction processing, as a result of repeated experiments by the inventors, as a result of highly compressing the oil palm base material, the air-dry specific gravity is 0.8 or more As a result, the properties of oil palm are changed and the hardness is remarkably increased, and the physical stability is increased with less variation in physical properties and characteristic values such as strength and hardness, dimensional change rate, Based on this knowledge. In other words, it is a characteristic area where the strength and hardness are increased by compression and the variation in physical properties is reduced, indicating that it is a characteristic of compacted wood. In which the air-drying specific gravity does not exceed 0.8 is not included. More preferably, when the air-dry specific gravity is 0.9 or more, the hardness is remarkably increased, and the physical stability is further increased due to less variation in physical properties and characteristic values such as hardness and dimensional change rate. become.

  The air-drying specific gravity is ultimately set in consideration of cost, required strength and hardness, etc., but if the compression ratio is too high to increase the air-drying specific gravity, the wood is composed. Since the fiber to be broken is broken and a commercial property is lost, the value of the air-dry specific gravity measured immediately before the crack is generated by high compression becomes the maximum value. That is, the upper limit of the air-dry specific gravity in the present invention is the compression limit of the compacting process, and the maximum value is a finite value. In addition, the numerical value of the air-dry specific gravity is not required to be strict, but is approximate. Naturally, it is an approximate value including an error by measurement or the like, and does not deny an error of several percent.

The oil palm trunk vascular bundle is involved in the physical properties of the air-dry specific gravity. The vascular bundle of the oil palm trunk has a thickness of 0.4 to 1.2 mm, and a conduit is also formed therein. The thickness of the vascular bundle varies greatly depending on the position of the oil palm trunk, and is generally thin on the upper side and thick on the root side. Further, from the position of the cut surface of the oil palm trunk, the cross section of the vascular bundle on the outer peripheral side is thin and gradually becomes thicker toward the center.
The periphery of the vascular bundle is hard with silica crystals attached, and even if the conduit is deformed by consolidation, it is only deformed by about 1/10 to 2/10 of a thickness of 0.4 to 1.2 mm. In consolidation, it changes as a deformation of parenchyma cells excluding vascular bundles. However, even if the vascular bundle is compressed so that the external force is directly applied, the mechanical strength does not change or, conversely, the base material made from the oil palm trunk has a thickness of 1 mm or more after being consolidated. It is desirable that

In this state, that is, when the vascular bundle of the oil palm trunk is 1.2 mm in thickness, the vascular bundle that has been compacted is about 0.8 to 0.9 mm, and the presence of parenchyma cells excluding the vascular bundle is 0. Since the thickness is about 1 to 0.2 mm, the mechanical strength in the compacted state is increased.
However, when compressed at a pressure at which the vascular bundle breaks, the mechanical strength does not change, or the mechanical strength decreases, so the thickness of the compacted oil palm base material needs to be at least 1.0 mm. . For example, when the thickness of the compacted oil palm base material is 0.8 mm or less, a 0.4 mm vascular bundle is safe, but even if a 1.2 mm vascular bundle is somewhat reduced in diameter, it is destroyed. There is a possibility. Therefore, if the thickness of the compacted oil palm base material is 1.0 mm or more, it is natural that the vascular bundle is somewhat reduced in diameter, so that it is not broken or cut.

In the oil palm compact material according to the invention of claim 2, the thickness of the compacted oil palm base material is 1.0 mm or more.
Here, the vascular bundle of the oil palm trunk is almost circular (maximum length + minimum length) / 2, and the average diameter of the vascular bundle (arithmetic mean = arithmetic mean) is 0.4 to 1.2 mm. It is thick and has a conduit formed in it. The thickness of the vascular bundle varies greatly depending on the position of the oil palm trunk, and is generally thin on the upper side and thick on the root side. Further, from the position of the cut surface of the oil palm trunk, the cross section of the vascular bundle on the outer peripheral side is thin and gradually becomes thicker toward the center.
The periphery of the vascular bundle is hard with silica crystals attached, and even if the conduit is deformed by consolidation, it is only deformed by about 1/10 to 2/10 of a thickness of 0.4 to 1.2 mm. In consolidation, it changes as a deformation of parenchyma cells excluding vascular bundles. However, even if compression is performed so that an external force is directly applied to the vascular bundle, the mechanical strength does not change or, conversely, falls. In particular, even if the oil palm base material is compressed at a pressure at which the vascular bundle is broken, the mechanical strength does not change according to the compressive force, or the mechanical strength decreases, so the oil palm base material is compacted. The thickness of is preferably 1.0 mm or more.
Further, when the vascular bundle of the oil palm base material is broken, it becomes a rolled surface, and the difference from the surface in a state where the compacting process is not performed is eliminated. In particular, the destruction of vascular bundles is harder than usual, which makes handling difficult. In other words, the oil palm base material is not a base material that needs to reduce the compression ratio, but how to determine the harmony with the vascular bundle is important. If the thickness of the compacted oil palm base material is less than 1.0 mm, the vascular bundle cannot maintain its shape below the trunk of the oil palm, so the thickness of the compacted oil palm base material is 1. It is specified as 0 mm or more.

The oil palm compact material according to claim 1 cuts out an oil palm base material having a predetermined width, thickness, and length from the trunk of the oil palm, and consolidates it using a resin component and a sugar component contained in the oil palm base material. The thickness of the compacted oil palm base material is such that the vascular bundle is not destroyed. The vascular bundle of the oil palm trunk is almost circular (maximum length + minimum length) / 2, and the average diameter of the vascular bundle (arithmetic mean = arithmetic mean) is 0.4 to 1.2 mm in thickness. There is a conduit formed in it. The thickness of the vascular bundle varies greatly depending on the position of the oil palm trunk, and is generally thin on the upper side and thick on the root side. Further, from the position of the cut surface of the oil palm trunk, the cross section of the vascular bundle on the outer peripheral side is thin and gradually becomes thicker toward the center. If the vascular bundle of the oil palm base material is not broken, the surface will not be crushed, so even if it is used as a design surface, it will not pierce a person or damage an object. Moreover, it does not occur that the hair of an animal or the like is caught in the crest and a hairball is made, which is not good-looking.
Therefore, oil palm that can be used as an inexpensive building material that does not easily pulverize without increasing the mechanical strength by using the components that oil palm originally has without discarding the trunk of oil palm A consolidated material is obtained.

  Since the thickness of the oil palm base material in the oil palm compacted material of claim 2 is a thickness of 1 mm or more after the compacting process, in addition to the effect of claim 1, The surroundings are hard with silica crystals attached, and even if the conduit is deformed by consolidation, it is only about 1/10 to 2/10 of the thickness of 0.4 to 1.2 mm. It changes as a modification of parenchyma cells. However, even if the oil palm base material is compressed at a pressure at which the vascular bundle is broken so that an external force is directly applied to the vascular bundle, the mechanical strength does not change according to the compression force, or the mechanical strength decreases. To do. Moreover, when the vascular bundle of the oil palm base material is broken, it becomes a surface that has been crushed, and there is no difference from the surface that is not compacted. In particular, the breakage of vascular bundles is harder than usual, making it difficult to handle. That is, the oil palm base material does not have to increase the compression ratio, it is important how to determine the harmony with the vascular bundle, and the thickness of the compacted oil palm base material is less than 1.0 mm. Since the vascular bundle cannot maintain its shape below the trunk of the oil palm, the thickness of the compacted oil palm base material is specified to be 1.0 mm or more.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram in the case of producing an oil palm base material from an oil palm trunk in the oil palm compacted material of Embodiment 1 of the present invention (a), an explanatory diagram (b) showing a fiber state of the oil palm trunk, It is explanatory drawing (c) of the board lumbered from the oil palm trunk. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the density and size of the vascular bundle from the outer periphery of the oil palm trunk toward the center in the oil palm compacted material according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph of the divided outermost sampling position, (b) an adjacent position divided into four equal parts, (c) an adjacent position divided into four equal parts, and (d) a center position divided into four equal parts. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a cross section of the oil palm base material in the oil palm compact material according to the first embodiment of the present invention before compacting (a) and after compacting (b). FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for obtaining the oil palm compact from the oil palm base material in the oil palm compact according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a developed state of the arrangement of the oil palm base material in the oil palm compacted material of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a laminated state (a) and a compacted state (b) of the oil palm compacted material according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a developed state of the arrangement of the wood base material and the oil palm base material in the oil palm compacted material of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a compacted material producing apparatus for producing the oil palm compacted material according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram for producing the oil palm compacted material of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, (a) is an explanatory diagram of supply of unprocessed wood as a raw material, and (b) is an explanation according to a heating compression start state. (C) is an explanatory view of the sealed heat compression start state, (d) is an explanatory view of a vapor pressure control process in the closed heated compression state, (e) is an explanatory view of the sealed cooling state, and (f) is compacted. It is explanatory drawing of taking out the timber (consolidation processing material). FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of a frame used in the method for producing the oil palm compacted material of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and is a perspective view (a) and a sectional view (b) taken along the cutting line AA. FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing the oil palm compacted material according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that, in the embodiments, the same symbols and the same reference numerals in the drawings are the same or corresponding functional parts, and therefore, redundant description thereof is omitted here.

[Embodiment 1]
First, when the oil palm trunk used in the embodiment of the present invention is cut out so as to produce ordinary wood grain and mesh, fibers (vascular bundles) are arranged in a grid as shown in FIG. It becomes a surface. That is, there are no annual rings like Japanese timber and cedar, and the fibers of vascular bundle A (see FIG. 3) of 0.4 to 1.2 mm extend in the length direction of the oil palm trunk as in the case of tatami mats. Yes.
The components of the oil palm trunk are slightly different depending on the place of production, but the difference is slight, and generally 30.6% by weight of cellulose, 33.2% by weight of hemicellulose, lignin (total lignin 28.5% by weight = Klarson lignin 24 7% by weight + 3.8% by weight of acid-soluble lignin), 3.6% by weight of extracted components, 4.1% by weight of ash, and is characterized in Chemical Composition of the Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) (Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 87, 383-388 (2008)).
Between visible fibers of 0.4 to 1.2 mm, that is, between vascular bundles, is a parenchymal cell C, and is integrally formed by resin components such as lignin and sugar components such as cellulose and hemicellulose, and few pores. It has become.

FIG. 1 illustrates an oil palm base material W produced from a predetermined length of an oil palm trunk WD to a predetermined width, thickness, and length shown in FIG.
Even if the oil palm trunk WD is cut so as to obtain a grid and a grain like wood lumber, there is no annual ring as shown in FIG. 1 (c), and the oil palm trunk WD as shown in FIG. 1 (b). Since only a bundle of fibers is formed in the length direction, an oil palm base material as a grid-like lumber plate as shown in FIG. W (W1,... W5, X1,... X5). Since this kind of lumbered oil palm base material W and oil palm base material X are used on the exposed surface as a design surface, they are usually formed to a thickness of 3 mm or more before consolidation. Here, in terms of the strength of the bonding force, it is desirable to compress the average compression ratio (arithmetic mean = arithmetic mean) of compression processing at 50% or more, but there is no disturbance in the fiber direction. If the compression rate is 45% or more, bonding is performed satisfactorily.

Oil palm base materials W1,..., W5 having a predetermined thickness (in particular, when the number of oil palm base materials W is not intended, they may be simply referred to as oil palm base materials W) are cut out. , oil palm substrate X 1 of a predetermined thickness, · · ·, X 5 (when particularly not intended number of oil palm substrate X may simply be referred to as oil palm substrate X.) is cut It is.
In addition, when it is not necessary to distinguish the oil palm base material W and the oil palm base material X , they are described as the oil palm base material W.

Here, when the oil palm base material W and the oil palm base material X are formed to have a thickness of 3 mm or more before compaction processing, when the compression rate is compressed at 70%, the compression rate is 0.9 mm, and the compression rate is 65%. When compressed at 1.05 mm and a compression rate of 60%, it becomes 1.2 mm. However, as shown in FIG. 2, the vascular bundle A of the oil palm trunk has a thickness of 0.4 to 1.2 mm, and a conduit is also formed therein. The thickness of the vascular bundle A varies greatly depending on the position of the oil palm trunk WD. In general, the thickness is thin on the upper side, the density is dense, and thick on the root side, and the density is sparse. In addition, from the position of the cut surface of the oil palm trunk, the cross section of the vascular bundle on the outer peripheral side is thin, the density is dense, and gradually increases toward the center, and the density is sparse. .

As shown in FIG. 3, the vascular bundle is hard with silica crystals attached around the vascular bundle A, and even if the conduit B is deformed by consolidation, the conduit B remains deformed. It is only about 1/10 to 2/10 of the thickness of 2 mm. In the consolidation process, the whole changes as deformation of the parenchymal cells C excluding the vascular bundle A. However, even if compression is performed so that the external force directly reaches the vascular bundle A, the mechanical strength does not change, or conversely, it drops, so that the oil palm base material W and the oil palm base material X are made from the oil palm trunk WD. It is desirable that the consolidated thickness is 1 mm or more to maintain the outer shape of the vascular bundle A.
That is, in this state, when the vascular bundle A of the oil palm trunk WD has a thickness of 1.2 mm, the presence of the parenchyma cells C excluding the vascular bundle A that has been consolidated is about 0.1 to 0.2 mm or more. Therefore, the mechanical strength of the consolidated state is increased. The deformation of about 1/10 to 2/10 of the thickness of 0.4 to 1.2 mm is mostly due to the compression of the conduit B.

Therefore, the thickness of the oil palm base material W and the oil palm base material X after the compacting is such that the thickness of the vascular bundle A having a thickness of 0.4 to 1.2 mm does not collapse so that the mechanical strength is obtained. Efficient. However, if the thickness of the oil palm base material W and the oil palm base material X after the consolidation process is thick, the vascular bundle A having a thickness of 1.2 mm can be arranged in any manner. However, in the case where the thickness after the consolidation process is thin, the state where the vascular bundles A having a thickness of 1.2 mm are arranged in a horizontal row is the minimum thickness.
Therefore, the thickness of the oil palm base material W and the oil palm base material X after the compacting process is preferably 1.0 mm or more in consideration of the compressibility of the vascular bundle A and the parenchymal cells C.

The so-formed timber and oil palm substrate W1, · · ·, W5 and oil palm substrate X 1, · · · X 5, as shown in FIG. 4, the resin component of the oil palm substrate W contains If the oil palm base W is restricted from extending in the surface direction at the outermost periphery, the oil palm base W can be fixed to a specific thickness and specific gravity. .
Further, even in the case of a narrow material width, if I is regulated extend in its plane direction at the outermost periphery, oil palm substrate W1, · · ·, W5 and oil palm substrate X 1, · · · X 5 The oil palm base material W is an oil palm compact material having the sum of the widths of the oil palm base material W by being consolidated in the horizontal direction. Thus, the oil palm base material W can be joined also in the horizontal direction, that is, the left-right direction by the compressive force in the vertical direction.

  As described above, the composition that contributes to the consolidation of the oil palm base material W of the present embodiment is a resin component such as lignin and cellulose that the oil palm base material W made from the oil palm trunk WD having a predetermined length, cellulose, A sugar component such as hemicellulose is used. In addition, although the inventors' analysis has recognized that the main component is a resin component such as lignin and a saccharide component such as cellulose and hemicellulose, it is possible that the involvement of other components will become clear as the analytical ability improves. There is also. Even if it is small, it cannot be denied that there may be other components that contribute to consolidation.

  The oil palm base material W produced from the oil palm trunk WD having a predetermined length is dried, and a predetermined number of layers are stacked and / or provided, and the temperature of the oil palm base material W is increased, and the stacking and / or provided is provided. A compression treatment is performed by applying a compressive force in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the oil palm base material W, and maintaining it at a predetermined temperature with a predetermined compressive force for a predetermined time, and then performing a fixing process for lowering the temperature. In the compacting material MW to be joined, the joining for integrally bonding the oil palm base material W is a joining surface having an adhesive function on the surface of the oil palm base material W cut into a predetermined thickness, width and length, By controlling the temperature and compressive force of the plurality of oil palm substrates W, the resin components such as lignin and the sugars such as cellulose and hemicellulose, which contain the plurality of oil palm substrates W in the oil palm trunk WD itself. It is obtained by the component.

  Accordingly, since the oil palm trunk WD has no nodes and no annual rings, when the oil palm base material W is produced by sawing to a predetermined thickness, a homogeneous oil palm base material W is obtained. As a result, the oil palm base material W is obtained. The oil palm compact made of W is homogeneous. Moreover, since the joining force is changed by the resin component and sugar component contained in the oil palm trunk WD itself depending on the applied temperature and pressure, an arbitrary adhesive force can be obtained by controlling the applied temperature and pressure. And since a plurality of oil palm base materials W are joined by a resin component and a sugar component contained in the oil palm trunk WD itself to form a consolidated material PW, other synthetic resins and synthetic rubbers are used as adhesives. Since it is not used, it can be restored naturally.

Further, in FIG. 1 (a), oil palm substrate W1, · · ·, W5, oil palm substrate X 1, · · ·, the X 5, oil with respect to the center direction of the surface of the oil palm substrate W1 The surface in the center direction of the palm base material X1 is made to face, and similarly, the surface in the center direction of the oil palm base material X2 is made to face the surface in the center direction of the oil palm base material W2, and the oil palm base material W3 When the surface in the center direction of the oil palm base material X3 is opposed to the surface in the center direction of the oil palm base material W, the size and density of the vascular bundle of the oil palm base material W, the oil palm base material X , the thickness and shape of the conduit The distribution state of the parenchyma cells correspond to each other and cancel each other in the direction in which the bending occurs, so that the laminated plywood can be obtained.
That is, not only a single plate of the oil palm base material W but also the center directions face each other and the distances from the centers are the same or substantially the same, so that compaction processing that hardly causes distortion can be performed. In this way, by making the center directions face each other and making the distance from the center the same or substantially the same, the distribution of the air-dry specific gravity after drying is made uniform, and sufficient heat compression is achieved. The difference in specific gravity between them becomes small, and the difference in the dimensional change rate after commercialization becomes small, so that the stability of the dimensional shape after commercialization increases.

The so-formed timber and oil palm substrate W1, · · ·, W5 and oil palm substrate X 1, veneers · · · X 5, as shown in FIG. 4, containing oil palm substrate W The oil palm base material W is fixed to a specific thickness and specific gravity if it is compacted using a resin component and a sugar component, and the oil palm base material W is restricted from extending in the surface direction at the outermost periphery. be able to.
Further, even in the case of a narrow material width, if I is regulated extend in its plane direction at the outermost periphery, oil palm substrate W1, · · ·, W5 and oil palm substrate X 1, · · · X 5 Thus, the oil palm base material W can be obtained as a summed material MW having the same width. Thus, the oil palm base material W can be joined also in the horizontal direction, that is, the left-right direction by the compressive force in the vertical direction.

As described above, the composition that contributes to the consolidation of the oil palm base material W of the present embodiment is a resin component such as lignin and cellulose that the oil palm base material W made from the oil palm trunk WD having a predetermined length, cellulose, A sugar component such as hemicellulose is used.
The oil palm base material W produced from the oil palm trunk WD having a predetermined length is dried, and a predetermined number of layers are stacked and / or provided, and the temperature of the oil palm base material W is increased, and the stacking and / or provided is provided. Immobilization that lowers the temperature after compressing by applying a compressive force in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the oil palm base material W, maintaining it for a predetermined time at a predetermined temperature and with a predetermined compressive force In the compacted material MW to be bonded by performing the process, the bonding for integrally bonding the oil palm base material W is a bonding surface having a function of bonding the surface of the oil palm base material W cut into a predetermined thickness, width and length. And by controlling the temperature and compressive force of the plurality of oil palm substrates W, resin components such as lignin and the like, cellulose, hemicellulose containing the plurality of oil palm substrates W in the oil palm trunk WD itself It is obtained by the saccharide component.

Accordingly, since the oil palm trunk WD has no nodes and no annual rings, when the oil palm base material W is produced by sawing to a predetermined thickness, a homogeneous oil palm base material W is obtained. As a result, the oil palm base material W is obtained. The compacted material MW made of W is homogeneous. Moreover, since the joining force is changed by the resin component and sugar component contained in the oil palm trunk WD itself depending on the applied temperature and pressure, an arbitrary adhesive force can be obtained by controlling the applied temperature and pressure. Since a plurality of oil palm base materials W are joined by a resin component and a sugar component contained in the oil palm trunk WD itself to form the consolidated material MW, other synthetic resins and synthetic rubbers are used as adhesives. Since it is not used, it can be restored naturally.
The oil palm leaves, empty fruit bunches, roots, etc. at this time are cut into chips and may be treated by an organic waste fermentation treatment method that is composted (composted) by aerobic bacteria treatment, In particular, empty fruit bunches may be subjected to other practical treatments. Moreover, it can also grind | pulverize finely and can extract components, such as a cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and can also use it.

First, oil palm substrate W1 according to this embodiment, · · ·, W5 and oil palm substrate X 1, for the preparation of compacted material MW consisting of a single plate only oil palm compacting machining · · · X 5 explain.
This oil palm substrate W1, · · ·, W5 and oil palm substrate X 1, no difference multiple · · · X 5 basically to the case of consolidation processing.
For example, the oil palm base material W is cut as a single-length oil palm trunk WD from a single trunk that has been grown for 20 years or more, and then sawed into a plate or a pillar, and in the present embodiment, FIG. As shown to a), plate-shaped oil palm base material W and oil palm base material X are cut out. This is a base material process for cutting out the oil palm base material W and the oil palm base material X having a predetermined length, thickness and width.
That is, in the base material process, a base Z having a predetermined thickness, width, and length shown in FIG. 1C is cut out from the oil palm trunk WD, and dried, and the oil palm base having a predetermined area and predetermined thickness is dried. A single plate of the material W and the oil palm base material X is made.

  Usually, drying is started when the oil palm base material W having a predetermined area and a predetermined thickness is cut out in the base material step. Further, drying may be performed after the predetermined production of the oil palm base material W. The oil palm base material W having a predetermined area and a predetermined thickness is placed in the compacted material manufacturing apparatus MC as shown in FIG. The arrangement of the oil palm base material W in FIG. 4 has been described in the case of only a single plate of the oil palm base material W. However, as shown in FIG. 5, the oil palm base material W includes a plurality of oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3. The same applies to the case where the wood base material composed of the cocoon base material V1 obtained by sawing wood other than the oil palm base material into the plate shape is used at the same time as the oil palm base material W in the pre-pressed compaction material NW. Of course, the arrangement state of FIG. 7 can also be made into a predetermined length of Lauan or Sina or conifer. Of course, a veneer having a thickness of about 0.25 to 0.5 mm can be used as a wood base material to make a natural wood decorative plywood.

  In general, since the cutting is performed by a flow operation, it is desirable to start drying when the oil palm base material W is formed from the oil palm trunk WD from the viewpoint of ensuring the drying time. Since this drying process makes it difficult for chips at the ends to be cut out when the oil palm base material W is cut out, it is desirable that the drying process be performed after the oil palm base material W is cut out. If it is after the time the oil palm base material W was formed from the oil palm trunk WD, there is no big difference. Anyway, the process of drying these oil palm base materials W becomes a drying process. As shown in FIG. 4, the oil palm base material W is cut into a predetermined area and a predetermined thickness.

Moreover, it can also be used not only for the compacting process of the single oil palm base material W but for the compacting process of a plurality of oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3. FIG. 5 shows an arrangement process for laminating the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3.
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, a total of three oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 having a predetermined area and a predetermined thickness are laminated to form a pre-pressurized compact NW.
The pre-pressurized compact NW is obtained by cutting out the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 from the oil palm trunk WD described with reference to FIG. 1A, and the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 shown in FIG. Laminated.
The outer shapes of the three oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 having a predetermined area and a predetermined thickness may be formed by cutting, or may be formed by cutting a fine tooth saw. Any of the properties of oil palm may be used, but cutting is more efficient from the viewpoint of workability.

5, as shown in FIG. 6, the oil palm base materials W1 and W3 and the oil palm base material W2 are loaded with the pre-pressurized compact NW so that the length directions of the respective fibers intersect each other. . One or two of the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 may be a wood base material made of a cocoon base material V1 made from wood other than oil palm. To do.
Three oil palm bases W1, W2, and W3 having a predetermined area and a predetermined thickness are cut out, and before the alignment with the loaded state of the pre-pressurized consolidated material NW as shown in FIGS. It is necessary to dry by applying hot air having low humidity to both sides of the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 having a predetermined area and thickness. The three oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 are dried until they are sent to the production line where three oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 are stacked as the pre-pressurized compaction material NW. As shown in FIG. 5 in a dry state, it can be laminated as a pre-pressed compact NW. In order to maintain this laminated state, in order to prevent the spread in the surface direction of the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3, a frame body 20 that positions each side of the three oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 ( It is desirable to set a positioning hole 18 (see FIG. 8) or the like. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the case of the positioning hole 18 will be described for the sake of simplicity.
Thus, the process arrange | positioned in the position which joins the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3 dried by the said drying process in the predetermined | prescribed state is called an arrangement | positioning process here.

  The positioning hole 18 has an outer diameter that matches the outer shape of the oil palm base material W, and the three oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 are placed in the positioning hole 18. Then, with respect to the laminated oil palm base material W heated by the heating step, the upper press panel 10A and the upper press panel 10A are controlled while being restricted by the positioning holes 18 from extending in the parallel direction along the surface of the oil palm base material W. A compression force in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the oil palm base material W is applied to the lower press panel 10B to perform compression molding for a predetermined time. Although not shown correctly, the three oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 are compressed in the positioning hole 18. The surface of the upper press panel 10A that presses the three oil palm substrates W1, W2, and W3 is equal to the upper surfaces of the three oil palm substrates W1, W2, and W3. Naturally, the bottom surfaces of the three oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 have the same dimensions so that they can be fitted to the lower press panel 10B.

First, the case where a single plate of the oil palm base material W in FIG. 4 (a) is consolidated as the consolidated material MW in FIG. 4 (b) will be described. This is not fundamentally different from the consolidation of the compacted material PW from the compacted material NW before pressurization shown in FIGS.
Here, the oil palm base material W in FIG. 4 (a) and the pre-pressurized compact NW shown in FIG. 6 (a) are compressed by applying a predetermined compression force under a predetermined temperature condition, and a predetermined time has elapsed. Then, the temperature is lowered to a predetermined temperature and fixed, and then the pressure is released, which becomes the consolidated material MW or consolidated material PW.
That is, a compression step of applying a compression force in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the oil palm substrate W to the oil palm substrate W heated by the heating step or the laminated oil palm substrates W1, W2, W3 is performed. After pressing at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time in the compression step, the temperature supplied in the heating step is lowered, and through a fixing step for maintaining the compressed state, a consolidated compacted material MW or consolidated material PW is obtained. Is.

Here, the step of heating to raise the temperature of the oil palm base material W or the laminated oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3 after the placement step is called a heating step, and is heated by the heating step, The step of applying a compressive force in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3 is called a compression step. Then, after pressing for a predetermined time in the compression step, the temperature supplied in the heating step is lowered, and the step of cooling and fixing at normal temperature or slightly lower than that is fixed in a consolidated state. In this sense, it is called an immobilization process.
Further, the single plate of the oil palm base material W in FIG. 4A is directly applied to the compacted material MW in FIG. 4B directly from the pre-pressed compacted material NW in FIG. 6A. The method for molding the material PW is formed by a single continuous process including the arrangement process, the heating process, the compression process, and the immobilization process.

4A is a compacted material MW of FIG. 4B, and the pre-pressed compacted material NW of FIG. 6A is compacted with a mold. What is changed is the consolidated material PW of FIG. In particular, in the present embodiment, the compacting material MW or the compacting material PW is finally compressed with a mold to form the compacting material MW or the compacting material PW.
Furthermore, a procedure for manufacturing the compacting material MW and the compacting material PW according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 11, first, in the base material process of step S <b> 10 in which an oil palm base material W having a predetermined thickness, width and length is made from an oil palm base WD having a predetermined length, the oil palm stem WD is processed. Oil palm base material W or oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3 having a desired thickness are cut out from the oil, and then dried in the drying step of step S11 to a moisture content in the range of 5% to 30%. It becomes the palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3.

  Here, the drying method of the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 in the drying step includes artificial drying or natural drying (sun drying). As the artificial drying, for example, the hot air is used as the oil palm base material W by using a dryer such as a steam dryer having a high temperature steam as a heat source and a built-in dehumidifier including a refrigerator for removing humidity. Or an external heating system that heats from the outside of the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3 by spraying on the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3, or by heat pressing with a press board, or oil Examples include an internal heating system in which the palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 are subjected to dielectric heating and heated from the inside. As is well known, generally, natural drying is performed more than artificial drying. Is cheaper.

However, when the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3 are naturally dried, especially when the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3 are thick, bacteria such as mold Are prone to corrode and corrode, impairing productivity and commercial value. This is commonly used for building materials, for example, Lauan wood forms a secondary xylem composed of cell (dead cell) tissue in which the movement of water and nutrients has stopped. This is because palm stem WD is composed only of primary tissues of vascular bundles and parenchymal cells, and most cells centering on parenchymal cells are living cells in which water and nutrients are transferred, and the moisture content is extremely high. Furthermore, it was found that oil palm trunk WD (oil palm trunk) is rich in saccharides (eg, fructose, glucose, fructooligosaccharides, inositol, etc.). When the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 obtained from the trunk of the palm is thick, bacteria such as mold are proliferated and corroded by natural drying, and productivity and commercial value are impaired.
Therefore, according to the experiments of the present inventors, by setting the thickness of the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3 obtained from the oil palm trunk WD to be in a range of 20 mm or less, mold is generated even in natural drying. It has been confirmed that the cost can be reduced without deteriorating the commercial value or productivity due to such bacteria. Note that this thickness corresponds to a thickness of 3.5 to 7.0 mm after the compacting when the compression ratio is 65%. Further, when the compression ratio is 70%, the thickness corresponds to 3.0 to 6.0 mm after consolidation.

  Further, according to the experiments by the present inventors, when the thickness of the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3 obtained from the oil palm trunk WD is less than 3 mm (0.9 to 1 after the compacting process) In the case of less than .1), since the thickness is small, the loss increases when sawing. In addition, when the thickness exceeds 20 mm, it is difficult to dry uniformly to the inside, and when stretched, cracks occur and the fibers are easily cut. Therefore, deformation and swelling are likely to occur after the compacting process described later, and the curved surface is straight. It has also been confirmed that cracks and the like are likely to occur due to the replacement. In addition, about a crack, it joins in a close_contact | adherence state at the time of a compaction process, and there is no problem as long as a mold | fungi does not arise in the crack generation | occurrence | production location.

For this reason, the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 within a range of thickness 3 mm or more and 20 mm or less from the oil palm trunk WD are sawn, and the product value and productivity due to bacteria such as mold even in natural drying Therefore, it can be dried at low cost, and the cutting operation is easy, and the dimensional shape stability after the compacting process described later is high.
In addition, when not performing natural drying, Preferably, the thickness of one piece of oil palm base material W or oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 produced as a plate material from oil palm trunk WD is 3 mm or more and 150 mm or less. Is within the range. This thickness corresponds to a thickness of 1.1 mm or more and 53 mm or less after the compacting when the compression ratio is 65%. If the compression rate is 70%, the thickness corresponds to 0.9 mm to 45 mm after the consolidation.

  Moreover, the drying within the range of 5% to 30% of the moisture content means that the moisture content of the dried oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3 is a result of repeated experiments by the present inventors. If it is less than 5%, a sufficient chemical change cannot be caused by the compaction process described later, and if the surface is too dry and wetted after consolidation, the compressed portion is the original thickness. Phenomenon that returns to the shape, so-called immobilization is likely to occur, on the other hand, when the moisture content exceeds 30%, it is difficult to uniformly dry to the inside, cracking, rupture and other damage after deformation, deformation, Since it has been confirmed that bulging and the like are likely to occur, the setting is made based on this. That is, the moisture content of the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 is made substantially uniform over the entire thickness so that the whole thickness is compacted with a substantially uniform compression rate. Desirably, a moisture content in the range of 5% to 30% is suitable. More preferably, the water content is in the range of 13% to 18%. In addition, a moisture content is measured using measuring instruments, such as a high frequency moisture content meter, for example.

  In the present embodiment, it is also possible to use a wood base material made from wood other than the oil palm. When using the wood base material, for example, wood, cedar, rice bran, bamboo leaf, rice cedar, pine pine, red pine, chestnut, bamboo shoots, bamboo shoots, bamboo shoots, cherry blossoms, bamboo shoots, bamboo shoots, etc. As in the former, the base material is formed in step S31, the drying process is performed in step S32, and the arrangement process similar to that of the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3 is entered in step S12.

In the arrangement step of Step S12 in which the dried oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3 are arranged, the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2 dried in the drying step of Step S11. , W3 is a step of arranging one or more in a predetermined state. The oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized consolidated material NW is in a specific arrangement state by the arrangement process of step S12. In addition, although the external shape of this compacting material NW before pressurization is the same, the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 in any stacking direction are merely overlapped by their own weight.
Here, with reference to FIG.8 and FIG.9, it demonstrates with reference to FIG.8 and FIG.9 about the compacting material manufacturing apparatus MC which performs the compacting process of the compacting material NW before press formed by arrange | positioning the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3. To do.

  8 and 9, the compacting material manufacturing apparatus MC for manufacturing the compacting material MW and the compacting material PW of the present embodiment mainly includes an upper press panel 10A composed of a planar mold and a lower press panel composed of a planar mold. The press board 10 that forms the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 by the structure divided into two parts 10B and the peripheral part 10a of the upper press board 10A that faces the peripheral part 10b of the lower press board 10B, The press board 10B is formed with a positioning hole 18 that determines and regulates the position of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized compact NW, and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are formed within a predetermined range of vertical movement of the upper press board 10A. The seal member 11 to be sealed is communicated with the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 from the upper surface side of the upper press panel 10A, and steam is supplied into the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18. The piping 12 having the piping port 12a, the upstream valve V4, and the side surface of the lower press panel 10B communicate with the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 to discharge water vapor from the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18. For example, a pipe 13 having a pipe port 13a, a pressure gauge P2 for detecting the vapor pressure in the pipe 13, a valve V5 on the downstream side thereof, a drain pipe 14 connected to the valve V5, and the like.

  In the press panel 10, the entire specific surface perpendicular to the surface of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressed compact NW, that is, the entire surface to be compressed of the pre-press compacted material NW can be compressed. It has a planar size, and the material is not particularly limited. For example, it is formed of a material such as stainless steel or aluminum so that the wood is not blackened by iron ion contamination, or oil palm base material W or pressurized The contact surface with the pre-consolidated material NW is plated. Furthermore, the material of the seal member 11 that seals the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is not particularly limited, but usually, silicon rubber, silicon resin, etc. excellent in heat resistance and water resistance are used. .

  Further, in the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B of the press board 10, pipe lines 15 and 16 are formed for raising the temperature to a desired temperature by passing high-temperature steam. Pipes ST2 and ST3 branched from the steam supply side pipe ST1 and steam discharge side pipes ET1 and ET2 are connected to the paths 15 and 16, respectively. Further, in the middle of the steam supply side pipes ST1, ST2, ST3, valves V1, V2, V3 and a pressure gauge P1 for detecting the steam pressure in the pipe ST1 are arranged, and the steam discharge side pipes ET1, ET2 Is connected to the drain pipe 14 via a valve V6.

In addition, the boiler apparatus which supplies water vapor | steam to piping ST1, and the press raising / lowering apparatus containing the hydraulic mechanism for raising / lowering and pressurizing the upper press board 10A with respect to the lower press board 10B of the fixed side of the press board 10 are abbreviate | omitted. Has been.
In the present embodiment, high-temperature steam is generated using the pipe 12 connected to the valve V4 in order to heat the interior space IS formed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B and the positioning hole 18 in the press board 10. In addition to this, it is also possible to use high-frequency heating, microwave heating, or the like. In particular, for the high-frequency heating of wood, a method of heating from the center of wood at a high frequency slightly lower than that of microwave is preferable to dielectric overheating by microwave.

Further, on the press board 10, a cooling water supply side that cools to a desired temperature by passing low-temperature cooling water in place of water vapor through the pipes 15 and 16 formed in the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B. Pipes ST12 and ST13 branched from the pipe ST11 are connected to the pipes ST2 and ST3, respectively. Further, valves V11, V12, V13 are arranged in the middle of the pipes ST11, ST12, ST13 on the cooling water supply side. In addition, the cooling water supply apparatus which supplies cooling water to piping ST11 is abbreviate | omitted.
Needless to say, when the present invention is carried out, a compressive force is applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized compacted material NW in the direction compressed by the press board 10.

Then, in manufacturing the consolidated material MW from the single plate of the oil palm base material W and the consolidated material PW from the pre-pressed consolidated material NW by the consolidated material manufacturing apparatus MC configured as described above, first, in FIG. As shown, the upper press platen 10A is raised with respect to the lower press platen 10B on the fixed side of the press platen 10 in the compacted material manufacturing apparatus MC, and the pre-pressed compacted material NW that has been dried to a predetermined condition in advance is the upper press. It is placed in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the board 10A and the lower press board 10B.
Here, in the present embodiment, the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressing compacted material NW that is the raw material of the compacted material MW and the consolidated material PW is formed in a predetermined dimension (thickness / width / length). Positioning of the lower press panel 10B with the face side of the oil palm base material W or a total of three oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3 facing the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B of the press panel 10 It is placed in the hole 18.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 9B, the upper press platen 10A is placed on the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized compacted material NW placed on the positioning hole 18 of the fixed-side lower press platen 10B. The oil palm base material W is lowered at a predetermined pressure, or the upper surface of the pre-pressurized compact NW, that is, in the present embodiment, the surface of the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3. In the vertical direction. In step S13, timer control by the timer I is started. Looking at the timer I in step S13, it is determined whether it is the heating timing in step S14, and it is determined whether it is the compression timing in step S15.
At the heating timing, steam at a predetermined temperature (for example, 110 to 180 [° C.]) is passed through the piping path 15 of the upper press panel 10A and the piping path 16 of the lower press panel 10B in step S16, and the internal space IS and the positioning holes 18 is maintained at a predetermined temperature (for example, 110 to 180 [° C.]). When it is determined in step S14 that it is not the heating timing, it is determined in step S15 whether it is the compression timing, and when it is the compression timing, the compression process is started in step S17.

That is, in step S17, the compression force of the upper press board 10A is set to a predetermined pressure (for example, 20 to 50 kg / cm ² ) with respect to the lower press board 10B on the fixed side, and the oil palm base material W or pre-pressurized compaction is set. The material NW is heated and compressed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B for a predetermined time (for example, 5 to 40 [min]). Also, in step S18, it is determined whether the heating / compression is completed, and the routine processing from step S13 to step S18 is repeated until the end time is reached.
In order to prevent cracking, the compressive force in step S17 is determined according to the temperature rise of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized compact NW, that is, the elapsed time of the timer I in step S18. It is desirable that the temperature is gradually increased in accordance with the temperature state inside the pre-consolidated material NW and the elapse of the heating time, and the time for heating and compression is preferably set in consideration of the heating time.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 9 (c), when the peripheral edge portion 10a of the upper press board 10A comes into contact with the peripheral edge part 10b of the lower press board 10B, the seal member 11 disposed on the peripheral edge part 10a of the upper press board 10A. The internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are hermetically sealed. Here, steam is supplied into the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 through the pipe port 12 a of the pipe 12. At this time, the water vapor simultaneously wets the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressed compacted material NW, which has been in a dry state, to a predetermined humidity with a good balance. Then, with the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 sealed, the compression force by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B is maintained, and a predetermined temperature (for example, 150 to 210 [° C.]) based on the timer I in step S13. ).

  In the present embodiment, the internal space IS and the positioning when the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B of the press board 10 are sealed through the seal member 1. The vertical dimension interval of the holes 18 is set to the finished dimension in the thickness direction when the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressed compaction material NW becomes the compacted material MW or the compacted material PW with a compression rate of 70% by the press board 10. Has been. For this reason, the compression ratio of the entire thickness of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressing compaction material NW, that is, the change in the plate thickness due to the compression of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressing compaction material NW, The peripheral edge 10a is determined by contacting the peripheral edge 10b of the lower press panel 10B.

Then, in the sealed state of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 shown in FIG. 9C, the compressive force of the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B is maintained, and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 have a predetermined temperature ( For example, 150 to 210 [° C.] is maintained for a predetermined time (for example, 30 to 120 [min]), and when the subsequent cooling and compression is released, the consolidated base material MW or the consolidated material PW that does not return is returned. Heat treatment for forming is performed. At this time, with the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 that are sealed in the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B, the peripheral surface of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized consolidated material NW and the inside thereof High-temperature and high-pressure vapor pressure is freely accessible.
In this way, in the present embodiment, the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B are in surface contact with the front and back surfaces of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized compacted material NW, and the sealed internal space IS and Since it is held in the positioning hole 18, the entire thickness of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized consolidated material NW is sufficiently heated and is efficiently compressed and deformed.

Next, as shown in FIG. 9 (d), when the heat compression process is performed in a sealed state of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18, the internal space IS and the positioning hole with the pressure gauge P2 as a vapor pressure control process. 18 vapor pressure is detected, and the valve V5 is appropriately opened and closed. Thereby, high temperature and high pressure steam is discharged from the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 to the drain pipe 14 side through the pipe port 13a and the pipe 13, and in particular, the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized compacted material NW. Excessive internal space IS based on the moisture content of the outer layer portion and moisture in the positioning hole 18 are removed, and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are adjusted to have a predetermined vapor pressure. Further, if necessary, a predetermined vapor pressure can be supplied to the internal space IS via the pipe 12 and the pipe port 12a (FIG. 9) connected to the valve V4. As a result, the fixing of the heat compression treatment of the wood, that is, the so-called immobilization of the wood is further promoted.
Further, immediately before the transition from the heating compression to the cooling compression by the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B, the valve V5 is opened as a vapor pressure control process, so that the internal space passes through the piping port 13a and the piping 13. High-temperature and high-pressure steam is discharged from the IS and positioning hole 18 to the drain pipe 14 side.

If it is determined in step S18 that the heating process in step S16 and the compression process in step S17 based on the operation of the timer I in step S13 are completed, the fixing process is started in step S19. In the immobilization process, normal temperature cooling water or ground water is passed through the piping path 15 of the upper press panel 10A and the piping path 16 of the lower press panel 10B, as shown in FIG. As a result, the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are cooled to around room temperature and held for a predetermined time (for example, 10 to 120 [min] for oil palm) depending on the material. At this time, the compression force of the upper press disk 10A with respect to the fixed-side lower press disk 10B is maintained at a predetermined pressure (for example, 20 to 50 kg / cm ² ) that is the same as the pressure at the time of heat compression. The board 10A and the lower press board 10B are cooled.
Finally, as shown in FIG. 9 (f), the pressure releasing process is started in step S 21, and the upper press disk 10 A is raised with respect to the fixed-side lower press disk 10 B, and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are used. A series of processing steps is completed by taking out the consolidated material MW or the consolidated material PW, which is a finished product.

The oil palm base material W or the pre-pressing consolidated material NW for producing the consolidated material MW or the consolidated material PW of the present embodiment will be described in more detail.
The press panel 10 is mainly provided with a press panel 10 in which the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are formed by two divided structures of an upper press panel 10A and a lower press panel 10B. The movement restriction of the outer periphery of the material W or the pre-pressurized consolidated material NW can be the frame body 20. The frame 20 as the movement restriction of the outer periphery of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressed compaction material NW is determined to be a vertically movable structure or a fixed structure depending on the dimensions of the upper press panel 10A. The

A frame 20 shown in FIG. 10 is a modified example of the compacted material manufacturing apparatus MC according to the embodiment, and has a structure that can move up and down, and is disposed on the lower press panel 10B of FIGS. This is a substitute for the positioning hole 18.
In FIG. 10, an outer lower press disk 10Ba and an inner lower press disk 10Bb having the same height are disposed on the base plate 25 of the lower press disk 10B, and a frame groove 21 is formed therebetween. A plurality of coil springs 22 are disposed on the base plate 25 side of the frame body groove 21, and a square movable frame 23 is disposed above the coil springs 22. A cutout is formed on the inner surface of the movable frame 23 to form a fluid path 24 that guides fluid such as water vapor from the side surface of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized compact NW. The inner periphery of the square movable frame 23 is substantially equal to the outer periphery of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized compact NW, and when the compact MW or the pre-press compacted material NW enters the square movable frame 23, the oil The palm base W or the oil palm bases W1, W2, and W3 are prevented from being displaced.

  Therefore, when the upper press board 10A is lowered, even if it has a width larger than the size of the lower press board 10B, when the upper press board 10A comes into contact with the movable frame 23, the movable frame 23 becomes elastic to the plurality of coil springs 22. It descends against and responds to the compression of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized compact NW. Then, the compression of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized consolidated material NW is completed at the movement limit of the plurality of coil springs 22. Of course, when the upper press board 10A is inserted into the movable frame 23 of the lower press board 10B, the movable frame 23 can be fixedly arranged on the lower press board 10B. That is, the movable frame 23 of the lower press panel 10B can be fixed and compressed by the upper press panel 10A inserted into the movable frame 23.

  In this way, the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 of the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 are applied by an external force applied in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the fibers of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressed compaction material NW. The thickness is heated and compressed, and the whole is compacted to produce a compacted material MW or compacted material PW having a compression rate of 60% or more. At this time, due to the compressive force in the thickness direction of the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 The elongation in the direction parallel to the plane of the oil palm base material W is restricted by the movable frame 23 and does not extend. Therefore, the compacting material MW or the compacting material PW has been subjected to a die processing with a uniform compressive force.

  In the present embodiment, after controlling the vapor pressure, the internal vapor pressure is gradually released by releasing the pressure, and the water vapor pressure in the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized consolidated material NW is lowered and fixed by cooling. Therefore, the compacted material MW or the compacted material PW, which is free from bulging deformation or surface cracking when the cooling compression is released, can be formed. That is, the compacted material MW or the consolidated material PW manufactured in the present embodiment does not cause bulging deformation or surface cracking after being released from compression, and ensures stable quality. In the present embodiment, the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B are compressed and fixed to obtain the consolidated material MW or consolidated material PW. However, when the present invention is implemented, a normal microwave oven is used. To heat and compress the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressed compaction material NW by high frequency, which is slightly lower than the microwave frequency band used, and to obtain a compacted material MW or compacted material PW Can do.

In the oil palm base material W or oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 to be joined in the present embodiment, the fiber directions of the vascular bundles and the like may be laminated in the same direction, and the fiber directions may be orthogonal to each other. May be laminated.
In particular, when laminated with the same fiber direction, the fibers such as vascular bundles of the wood surface layer softened in the consolidation process are fibers such as vascular bundles with the same fiber direction adjacent to the lamination direction (longitudinal direction). For example, the vascular bundle enters between the vascular bundles inside the oil palm base material W, and the vascular bundle enters between the vascular bundles of the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3, The oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 fixed in an entangled state are firmly joined. In addition, since the expansion rate and contraction rate of the joint surface can be made completely equal, no stress is applied to the joint surface even if the ambient environment conditions change. In particular, when the fiber directions such as the vascular bundle are laminated with the same fiber direction, when the compression force is applied thereto, the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3 are the fiber directions of the original oil palm trunk WD. Even if the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3 are different, the vascular bundle is between the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3 of the counterpart material. Since it enters and is fixed there, it can be integrated in a natural joined state.
Therefore, the bonding strength is high and the mechanical strength is high, and a stable dimensional shape after consolidation is ensured.

Moreover, the oil palm base material W1 and the oil palm base material W2 are integrated by the resin component and the sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W1 and the oil palm base material W2 as well as the single plate of the oil palm base material W. In addition, the oil palm base material W2 and the oil palm base material W3 are integrated. Moreover, even if other wood exists, they are integrated by the resin component and sugar component which the oil palm base material W contains. In particular, when joining with other wood bases, oil palm leaves, empty fruit bunches, roots, etc. are cut into chips, finely crushed into powder, and supplemented with components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. May be.
Moreover, in the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, W3 to be laminated in the present embodiment, even if the fiber directions such as the vascular bundle are laminated in the same direction, the bending can be prevented. Naturally, bending can be prevented even if the fiber directions are laminated so as to be orthogonal to each other.

On the other hand, when the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 are laminated so that the fiber directions are orthogonal to each other, even if expansion and contraction force is generated due to a change in ambient environmental conditions after the compaction processing, Oil palm base material W or oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 interact with each other to prevent warping deformation in a specific direction. That is, when the number of all the oil palm base materials W is an even number, when the fiber directions are laminated so that the fiber directions are orthogonal to each other, the fiber directions of the single plate are parallel and the cross section is symmetric in the front and back, so the change in ambient environmental conditions Distortion and the like due to is prevented.
At this time, since the vascular bundles of the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 are in a cross state, it is desirable that the mutual vascular bundle is in a state of being involved. By compacting under this entrainment condition, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are hydrogen-bonded, and especially the oil palm trunk contains a lot of saccharides, lignin, plastic components, etc., so these components decompose and soften. Then, it oozes out around the vascular bundle and is then recrystallized and recombined to function as a binder and to be integrated.

Furthermore, the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 are preferably laminated by disposing materials having low air-drying specific gravity on the front and back surfaces. That is, in FIG. 1 (a), oil palm substrate W1, · · ·, W5, oil palm substrate X 1, · · ·, the X 5, oil with respect to the center direction of the surface of the oil palm substrate W1 The surface in the center direction of the palm base material X1 is made to face, and similarly, the surface in the center direction of the oil palm base material X2 is made to face the surface in the center direction of the oil palm base material W2, and the oil palm base material W3 When the surface in the center direction of the oil palm base material X3 is opposed to the surface in the center direction of the oil palm base material W, the size and density of the vascular bundle of the oil palm base material W, the oil palm base material X , the thickness and shape of the conduit The distribution state of parenchyma cells corresponds to each other, and the directions in which the bending occurs cancel each other. In other words, it is desirable that the center directions face each other and the distance from the center is the same or substantially the same. As a result, the air-drying specific gravity distribution after drying is made uniform and compaction processing is performed. Therefore, sufficient heating and compression are performed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B, and the specific gravity between the woods is increased. The difference is reduced, and the difference in dimensional change rate after commercialization is also reduced. Therefore, the stability of the dimensional shape after commercialization increases.

Further, in the compression step of step S17, the upper press platen 10A is applied to the single-plate oil palm base material W or the plurality of laminated pre-pressing materials NW stacked on the fixed side lower press platen 10B. Lowering at a predetermined pressure (for example, 0.5 to 3 kg / cm ² ), the upper surface of the single-plate oil palm base material W or the laminated pre-pressed compact NW, that is, the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the fibers Make contact with a flat surface. At the beginning of the compacting process, first, heating in the heating step (step 16) is started, the valves V1, V2 and V3 are opened, and the piping 15 and the lower press panel of the upper press panel 10A from the boiler device (not shown). Steam for heating is passed through the piping path 16B of 10B, the interior space IS and the positioning hole 18 are maintained at a predetermined heating temperature, and the single-plate oil palm base material W or the laminated pre-pressure compaction material NW is heated. Is done.

  Here, it is preferable that the heating temperature in the heating process in the initial stage of compression is in the range of 110 ° C to 160 ° C. If the heating temperature is too low, sufficient compacting will not be performed, resulting in insufficient strength and poor bonding between the wood base materials, or dimensional shape deformation due to moisture absorption drying after product production, while the heating temperature is If the surface is too high, the surface may be carbonized to change to black and the color tone or scent peculiar to wood may be impaired, or the material may be deteriorated and the strength may be lowered and become brittle. According to the experiments by the present inventors, it has been found that an appropriate temperature condition is in the range of 110 ° C to 160 ° C. By using this temperature condition, it is possible to prevent improper fixing in the compacting process, and material deterioration such as surface carbonization and lowering of material strength. More preferably, the heating temperature in the heating step in the initial stage of compression is in the range of 120 ° C to 140 ° C. In addition, specific set temperature is set according to the moisture content etc. of the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3.

Moreover, in the pressurization process of step S17, the compression pressure of the upper press board 10A is set to a predetermined pressure with respect to the lower press board 10B on the fixed side, and the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized consolidated material NW is used as the upper press board. 10A and the lower press panel 10B are heated and compressed for a predetermined time. At this time, as shown in FIG. 9C, when the peripheral portion 10a of the upper press panel 10A comes into contact with the peripheral portion 10b of the lower press panel 10B, the seal member 11 disposed on the peripheral portion 10a of the upper press panel 10A. As a result, the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are sealed.
Thus, warping deformation at the time of drying occurs in the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized consolidated material NW by heating and compressing by surface contact with the press board, in particular, by applying pressure after heating to the heating temperature. Even if it is, it can be made flat without causing destruction, cracks, cracks, etc., and heat compression can be performed efficiently. Furthermore, while the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized consolidating material NW is heated and compressed, and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are held in a sealed state, the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized consolidating material NW is retained. The water vapor originally contained in the water becomes a vapor pressure and can be diffused and discharged into the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 through the internal space IS and the positioning holes 18, so that the thickness The whole is efficiently and uniformly heated and compressed.

Here, it is preferable that the predetermined pressure which compresses the oil palm base material W or the compacting material NW before pressurization is in the range of 1-100 kg / cm < ² >. If the pressure is too low, immobilization will be poor in the compacting process, while if the pressure is too high, cracks may occur on the surface. According to the experiments of the present inventors, an appropriate pressure conditions is within the 1 to 100 kg / cm ^2. By adopting this pressurizing condition, it is possible to prevent immobilization defects and occurrence of cracks in consolidation. More preferably, it is in the range of 10 to 50 kg / cm ² .
In addition, when the compression speed at this time is high, the water vapor | steam and air in the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized compact NW are hard to escape, and the pressure which acts on the oil palm base material W or the pre-press compacted material NW Therefore, there is a risk that cracks may be generated or that internal cracking may occur due to insufficient softening. On the other hand, when the compression speed is low, the load on the surface in contact with the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B is increased, and cracks or the like may occur. Therefore, it is desirable that the compression pressure at this time is gradually increased according to the temperature transmission state inside the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized compacted material NW.

  Furthermore, according to the experiments by the present inventors, it is preferable that the time for heating and compressing be in the range of 10 minutes to 40 minutes. This time condition can prevent subsequent immobilization due to the treatment time being too short and carbonization of the surface due to the treatment time being too long. More preferably, the predetermined time during compression is in the range of 20 minutes to 30 minutes. In addition, it is preferable to set also the time of this heat compression in consideration of the transmission state (time) of the temperature inside the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized consolidated material NW.

  Note that the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B of the press board 10 are hermetically sealed via the seal member 11, and the vertical direction of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is as follows. The dimensional interval of is that when the single-sheet oil palm base material W or a plurality of laminated pre-pressing compacts NW is compacted to become a compact MW or compact PW having an air-dry specific gravity of 0.8 or more. The finished dimension in the thickness direction is set. For this reason, the compression ratio of the whole thickness of the single-sheet oil palm base material W or the laminated pre-press compacted material NW, that is, the single-plate oil palm base material W or a plurality of laminated pre-pressed compact materials The change in thickness due to the compression of NW is determined by the peripheral edge portion 10a of the upper press board 10A coming into contact with the peripheral edge part 10b of the lower press board 10B.

The predetermined compression pressure (preferably within the range of 1 to 100 kg / cm ² ) by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B is maintained in the sealed state of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 shown in FIG. 9C. The temperature is raised to a specific heating temperature by the piping 15 of the upper press panel 10A and the piping 16 of the lower pressing panel 10B, and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are held at a predetermined heating temperature for a predetermined time. At this time, with the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 that are sealed in the upper press platen 11 and the lower press platen 21, the peripheral surface of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized compact NW and the inside thereof High-temperature and high-pressure vapor pressure is freely accessible.
Then, when the heat compression process is performed in a sealed state of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18, the vapor pressure in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is detected by the pressure gauge P2 as a vapor pressure control process. As shown in (d), the vapor pressure of the second heating temperature is supplied to the internal space IS through the pipe 12 and the pipe port 12a connected to the valve V4, or the valve V5 is appropriately opened and closed. Then, high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor is discharged from the internal space IS to the drain pipe 14 side through the pipe port 13a and the pipe 13, whereby the vapor pressure of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is controlled to a predetermined value.

  In this way, by controlling the vapor pressure of the internal space IS and the positioning holes 18, the plurality of laminated oil palm base materials W or oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 are heated and compressed. That is, the oil palm base material W or the peripheral surfaces of the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 and the interior thereof are brought to the same temperature, pressure, and vapor pressure state as the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18, and the oil palm base material. By making W or the entire oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 uniform, processing distortion does not occur, and shrinkage and expansion due to changes in the restoring force and the surrounding environmental conditions after molding are significantly suppressed. In particular, by controlling the vapor pressure by discharging or introducing water vapor while maintaining a predetermined pressure state, the surface is prevented from being carbonized, uniformly heated and compressed, and further, the surface is prevented from drying. Smooth fixation is achieved, and recovery, return, deformation, etc. after molding are suppressed.

  Here, it is preferable that the final heating temperature for maintaining the heating and compression state for compaction is in the range of 120 ° C to 210 ° C. If the heating temperature is too low, the immobilization becomes sweet and chemical changes due to the action of water vapor cannot be caused sufficiently, resulting in improper immobilization, which tends to occur due to moisture absorption or deformation due to drying, while the heating temperature is high. If it is too much, the surface may be carbonized to change to black, and the color tone or scent peculiar to wood may be impaired, or the material may deteriorate and the strength may be lowered and become brittle. According to our experiments, suitable temperature conditions are in the range of 120 ° C to 210 ° C. By setting this temperature condition, it is possible to prevent immobilization failure in the compacting process, maintain dimensional shape stability, and prevent material deterioration such as surface carbonization and material strength reduction. More preferably, the heating temperature is in the range of 120 ° C to 140 ° C.

  Further, according to the experimental study by the present inventors, the compression time immediately before immobilization is preferably in the range of 10 minutes to 120 minutes. By this time condition, it is possible to prevent immobilization failure due to the treatment time being too short and carbonization of the surface due to the treatment time being too long. More preferably, the predetermined time is in the range of 30 minutes to 90 minutes. The specific set time for performing the heating / compression process immediately before the immobilization is set in consideration of the moisture content of the pre-pressurized compact NW.

Incidentally, the start of the vapor pressure control in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 in the sealed state due to the introduction or discharge of water vapor is performed after the temperature of the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B reaches a specific heating temperature. It is desirable to be done. In this way, water vapor is allowed to penetrate into the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressed compaction material NW, thereby sufficiently causing chemical changes in the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3. As a result, the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 can be sufficiently and uniformly fixed, and the return due to moisture absorption, the deformation due to drying, and the like are reduced. That is, when the introduction of water vapor in the closed internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is started before the temperatures of the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B reach a specific heating temperature, the water vapor is condensed. The interior space IS and the positioning hole 18 in the sealed state are filled with water, and the moisture content of the wood increases, and as a result, return due to moisture absorption, deformation due to drying, and the like are likely to occur. Further, even when the discharge of water vapor in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 in the sealed state is started before the temperatures of the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B reach the second heating temperature, the water content of the outer layer portion is also increased. The excess internal space IS based on the rate and the moisture in the positioning hole 18 are difficult to be removed, and the moisture content of the wood increases, so that return due to moisture absorption, deformation due to drying, and the like are likely to occur.
In addition, it is preferable to end the vapor pressure control before starting the cooling described later. If the vapor pressure control is not finished before starting the cooling described later, the cooling processing efficiency is lowered.

  Further, when steam is introduced into the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 in a sealed state to control the vapor pressure, the temperature of the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B reaches a specific heating temperature. It is preferable to introduce a water vapor pressure and temperature equal to or lower than the water vapor pressure and temperature in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18. When the pressure and temperature of the introduced water vapor are higher than the water pressure and temperature in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18, the water is condensed and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 in a sealed state are filled with water. As a result, the water content of the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 increases, and as a result, return due to moisture absorption, deformation due to drying, and the like are likely to occur. In addition, in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 in the sealed state, when there is excess moisture based on the moisture content of the outer layer portion of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized compact NW, the internal space IS and By appropriately discharging the high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor in the positioning hole 18, it is adjusted to have a predetermined vapor pressure.

Subsequently, the immobilization process in step S19 is performed while maintaining the same predetermined pressure (preferably within the range of 1 to 100 kg / cm ² ) as the pressure in the heating process in step S16 and the compression process in step S17. V11, valve V12, and valve V13 are opened, and normal temperature cooling water is passed from the boiler device (not shown) through the piping path 15 of the upper press panel 10A and the piping path 16 of the lower press panel 10B, as shown in FIG. As shown, the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are cooled to around room temperature and held for a predetermined time (for example, 10 to 120 [min]).
Finally, the pressure is released in the fixing step of step S19, and as shown in FIG. 9 (f), the upper press disk 10A is gradually raised and separated from the fixed-side lower press disk 10B. The pressure and the sealed state are released, and the consolidated material MW or the consolidated material PW, which is a finished product, is taken out from the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 to complete a series of processing steps.

  In this way, fixing in the compacted state is stabilized by cooling under conditions in which deformation in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the compressive force is applied does not occur. Then, after cooling in a pressurized state, by releasing the pressurization, that is, by lowering the water vapor pressure in the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized compacted material NW by cooling, the internal steam is gradually released. By releasing the pressure, excess water vapor can be liquefied and removed, and the compacted material MW or compacted material PW can be obtained without bulging deformation, cracking, breaking (puncture), etc. when cooling compression is released. That is, according to the compacting material MW or the compacting material PW of the present embodiment, stable quality is ensured without causing bulging deformation, cracking, destruction or the like after release of compression.

  By the external force applied in the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the fibers of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressurized compact NW, the thickness of the entire oil palm base material W or the pre-press compacted material NW is heated and compressed. In the present embodiment, the compact material MW or the compact material PW having a specific gravity of 1.2 or more is manufactured by compaction. And the compacting material MW or the compacting material PW obtained by doing in this way has oil palm base material W joined firmly by the compaction process. This is because cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are hydrogen-bonded by compaction processing, and especially the palm of an oil palm contains many sugars, lignin, plastic components, etc., and these components are decomposed and softened by compaction processing. The oil palm base material W or oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 are moved between each other and then recrystallized and recombined to function as a binder. It is considered that the timbers were firmly joined by the fibers of the surface layer of the material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 being softened and entangled with the fibers of the wood adjacent in the stacking direction.

As described above, according to the consolidated material PW which is the oil palm consolidated material of the present embodiment, the woods are joined together without using an artificial adhesive or environmental adhesive due to formaldehyde or a natural adhesive having a high cost. Therefore, it is environmentally friendly and can reduce costs.
In addition, when joining the oil palm base material W by using an adhesive, it is common to apply the adhesive and then press the adhesive to cure the adhesive. While the pressing step is necessary, according to the compacting material MW or the compacting material PW of the present embodiment, the woods are joined to each other without using an adhesive by the compacting process. Is unnecessary, and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
The oil palm leaves, empty fruit bunches, roots, and the like at this time are cut into chips, finely crushed, and extracted as a powder or components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and the like. Can be used instead of

  The compacted material MW or compacted material PW thus obtained is compacted to reduce the gap in the oil palm base material W, and the lignin, hemicellulose, etc. constituting the cell wall are softened / decomposed. In addition, the disadvantage of the oil palm base material W that the cell density is increased by recombination and recrystallization, the specific gravity is small, the strength is small, and the shape is easily deformed is complemented, and high strength and stable dimensional shape are secured. In particular, by compacting so that the air-dry specific gravity is 0.8 or more, the entire thickness of the laminated oil palm base material W is uniformly compressed, the properties of the oil palm base material W are changed, and the hardness etc. Remarkably high, less variation in physical properties and characteristic values such as hardness, and less variation in expansion rate and drying rate due to changes in ambient environmental conditions, thereby suppressing deformation, etc. Increases nature. Therefore, the physical properties are stable, the quality between products is small, and the commercial value is high. Furthermore, the whole is compacted in a state where a plurality of dried oil palm base materials W are laminated, and since the expansion rate and contraction rate due to changes in the ambient environment conditions are substantially uniform on the joint surface, stable jointability is obtained. It is maintained, and a stable dimensional shape is ensured without causing distortion, deformation, cracks, and the like due to stress applied to the joint surface due to changes in ambient environmental conditions.

In particular, when the oil palm base material W is laminated with the same fiber direction, the fibers of the oil palm base material W in which the fibers of the surface layer softened in the consolidation process are adjacent in the vertical direction with the same fiber direction. The oil palm base material W fixed in the entangled state is strongly joined. In addition, since the expansion rate and contraction rate at the joint surface can be made completely equal, no stress is applied to the joint surface when the ambient environmental conditions change. Therefore, the bonding strength is high, the mechanical strength is also high, and high dimensional shape stability is ensured.
On the other hand, when the pre-pressed compaction material NW is laminated with the fiber directions orthogonal to each other, even if expansion and contraction force occurs due to changes in the surrounding environmental conditions after compaction processing, the woods interact with each other and specify Directional warpage deformation is prevented. In particular, when the total number of sheets is an even number, when laminated with the fiber directions orthogonal to each other, the fiber direction of the single plate is parallel and the cross section is symmetric on the front and back, preventing distortion due to changes in ambient environmental conditions, etc. Is done. At this time, a tough joining state can be obtained by increasing the compressive force with the same fiber direction in consolidation.
Also, when the total number of sheets is an odd number, the fiber direction is the same in a part of the inside and laminated, and the others are laminated with the fiber directions orthogonal to each other, so that the front and back fiber directions are aligned and the ambient environmental conditions It is possible to prevent distortion and the like due to the change of.

And the compacting base material MW or the compacting material PW of the present embodiment is densified by compaction processing on the front and back surfaces that are compressed surfaces, and the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 are formed. Even without using an expensive natural adhesive, it is difficult to peel off from the outer surface, and the surface quality is good. That is, since peeling from the surface of the fiber can be suppressed without using an artificial adhesive or a natural adhesive having a high cost, it is environmentally friendly and the cost can be reduced.
Furthermore, since the entire thickness is compacted, even if a large chamfering process or curved surface process is applied to the ridgeline on the thickness side surface, high hardness is ensured on the end surface.

Incidentally, even in the case of using an oil palm base W in the vicinity of a soft tree center having a high water content in oil palm, the strength can be increased by compaction processing, or temperature and compression control can be performed in compaction processing. By doing so, excess water can be discharged, and the water vapor pressure inside the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressed compaction material NW is uniformly and suitably adjusted, so that swelling deformation after compression processing is also suppressed. The Therefore, it is possible to form the consolidated base material MW or the consolidated material PW having a sufficient strength and a stable dimensional shape. Therefore, effective utilization of the whole trunk of oil palm can be aimed at.
In particular, when the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressed compacted material NW that has been dried is arranged on the front and back surfaces having a small air-drying specific gravity after drying, as described above, the upper press panel 10A and the lower A material having a small air-drying specific gravity after drying is disposed on the front and back layers in contact with the press platen 10B, and compaction processing is performed. Therefore, in the material having a small air-drying specific gravity after drying, the upper press platen 10A and the lower press The board 10B is sufficiently heated and compressed to reduce the difference in specific gravity between the woods, and the difference in the dimensional change rate after commercialization is also reduced. Therefore, the stability of the dimensional shape after commercialization increases.

As described above, the compacted material MW or the consolidated material PW as the oil palm compacted material according to the present embodiment is produced by making a tree trunk of a soft oil palm having a high moisture content as an oil palm base material W, and then drying it. By laminating and compacting multiple sheets, the strength and hardness of not only the surface but also the overall thickness of the plate are greatly improved, and a wide range of flooring materials, waistboard materials, indoor furniture materials, housing exterior materials used by surface coating, etc. Applications are expected. In particular, since the surface hardness is increased by compaction processing and sufficient strength and hardness can be ensured even if the thickness is small, the thickness can be reduced in commercialization.
Further, when the fiber directions are laminated so that the fiber directions are orthogonal to each other, the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 are mutually reciprocal even if expansion and contraction force is generated due to a change in ambient environmental conditions after the compacting process. Warping deformation in a specific direction is prevented. At this time, since the vascular bundles of the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base materials W1, W2, and W3 are in a crossed state, the vascular bundles of each other are brought into a wound state, and the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base material W1. , W2 and W3, by compaction under the entanglement state of the vascular bundle, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are hydrogen-bonded. These components decompose and soften and ooze out around the vascular bundle to form a space for recrystallization and recombination, thereby enhancing the binder function.

[Embodiment 2]
The compacted pre-pressurizing material NW shown in FIG. 7 is obtained by laminating an oil palm base material W2 and compression-forming it with an upper die and a lower die of a flat plate mold, such as a vascular bundle of the oil palm base material W2. The fiber direction is laminated so as to intersect the fiber direction of the heel substrate V1.
In this embodiment, oil palm and a wood base material other than oil palm are joined.
As shown in FIG. 7, the fiber palms such as the vascular bundle of the oil palm base material W2 are stacked so as to cross each other, and a sheet material other than the oil palm base material W2 is provided on one side (or both sides) of the laminated design surface side. A wood base material made of the base material V1 is laminated and used as a pre-pressed compaction material NW to obtain a compacted material PW.
Specifically, one or both surfaces on the design surface side can be made from any one of a Lauan base material, a Chinese base material, and a conifer base material formed into a plate shape by lumbering. Alternatively, one of the base materials on one or both sides on the design side is made of wood other than the oil palm base material W, for example, camellia, cedar, rice bran, bamboo leaf, rice cedar, pine pine, red pine, chestnut, bamboo shoot, bamboo shoot, cocoon It is also possible to use a plate material that makes use of the grain of cherry, cherry blossoms, cocoons, etc. In this embodiment, it is assumed that the heel substrate V1 is used. The cocoon base material V1 is layered on the oil palm base material W2.
In particular, in the present embodiment, for joining the oil palm base material W and the other wood base materials such as the straw base material V1, the resin component and sugar component of the oil palm base material W to be joined, Good results were obtained by adding a resin component and a sugar component obtained by pulverizing oil palm tree trunks, stems and leaves, and fruit bunches.

  In this way, the fiber bundles such as vascular bundles are laminated in parallel, the cocoon base material V1 and the oil palm base material W2 are disposed, and the oil palm base material W1 and the heel base material V1 are joined. . The resin component and the sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W2 are ensured without using other adhesives, and the base material V1 and the oil palm base material W2 have a resin component and a sugar component contained therein. It integrates by entering and fixing the fibers of the substrate V1. In addition, the oil palm base material W2 is in a state in which the vascular bundle on the opposite surface enters between the vascular bundles in a high temperature and pressurized state, and the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are hydrogen-bonded by compaction processing in this entrained state. In particular, oil palm tree trunks contain a lot of sugar, lignin, plastic components, etc., so these components decompose and soften and ooze out around the vascular bundle, and then recrystallize and recombine. As a result, it functions as a binder and is integrated.

In particular, even when the fiber directions are laminated in parallel with each other, the individual environmental characteristics vary depending on the cut-out positions of the cocoon base material V1 and the oil palm base material W2 from the oil palm trunk DW. Even if an expansion and contraction force is generated by the change of the above, they interact with each other and their deformation is prevented. That is, even when the number of all the oil palm base materials W2 is an odd number, distortion due to a change in ambient environmental conditions is prevented in the same manner as when the fiber directions are stacked with the fiber directions orthogonal to each other.
Also in this embodiment, preferably, it is a surface cut parallel to the fibers of the oil palm base material W2 to be laminated, and the bark side surface, or a surface cut parallel to the fibers and the bark side surface. The characteristics can be matched by stacking them facing each other. That is, when the oil palm base material W2 is divided at a linear position passing through the tree core of the oil palm trunk WD and arranged so as to face the cocoon base material V1, the side of the tree core or the side of the bark comes to face, and the consolidation process By joining together, warpage deformation in a specific direction due to the difference in cell density between the tree heart side and the bark side can be prevented.

Furthermore, the cocoon base material V1 is secured by the oil palm base material W2 even if the resin component and sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W2 are not used, and the fiber direction of the oil palm base material W2 is Even in a parallel state or in a right angle direction, the fibers on the surfaces facing each other in the fiber direction enter at a high temperature under pressure, and by compacting under this state, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are produced. Hydrogen bonds, especially oil palm trunks contain a large amount of sugars, lignin, plastic components, etc., so these components decompose and soften and ooze out around the vascular bundle, and then recrystallize and recycle. By being combined, it functions as a binder and is integrated.
Therefore, joining with the heel base material V1 and the oil palm base material W2 is easy, and even if the oil palm base material W2 tries to bend, the heel base material V1 does not expand or contract corresponding to the bend. V1 can be provided as means for preventing folding.

Next, basic experiments relating to the present invention will be described.
In this experiment, five oil palm substrates W1,..., W5 were used. When the thickness is 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm, 5.5 mm, 6.0 mm, the fiber length is A compact PW was manufactured by compacting from a pre-press compacted material NW in which five oil palm bases W having the same thickness were arranged so as to intersect at right angles.
Basically, a compacting process with a compression rate of 20 to 80% was performed on the thickness of the oil palm base material W or the pre-pressed compacted material NW before compression. The temperature of the supplied steam is raised to 110 to 210 ° C., and the compressive force applied during that time is 20 to 50 kg / cm ² . Here, by laminating five 1.5 mm oil palm base materials W, it becomes a pre-pressurized compact NW of 7.5 mm, but compression error when compressed at a predetermined compression rate at the laboratory level In addition, an error is present although it is several% or less due to expansion after decompression.

Also, just in case, the five oil palm base materials W of this experiment have thicknesses of 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, Compress one of 5.0 mm, 5.5 mm, 6.0 mm from the pre-pressing compact NW in which five oil palm substrates W of the same thickness are arranged so that the fiber lengths are parallel. A consolidated material PW was produced.
Similar to the former, a consolidation material PW was obtained which was subjected to consolidation processing with a compression rate of about 20 to 80% with respect to the thickness of the pre-compression consolidation material NW before compression. The temperature of the water vapor to be supplied is increased from 110 ° C. to 210 ° C., and the compression force applied during that time is 20 to 50 kg / cm ² .

  In Table 1, the pre-pressing consolidated material NW in which five oil palm base materials W of the same thickness are arranged so that the fiber (vascular bundle) length intersects at right angles is indicated as “cross-bonded state”, and the fiber length Are shown as “parallel joined state”. Table 1 shows the results of the endurance test. It is placed in a place where sunlight is used for three months from April to June, and the water is set to 30 at 10 and 4 o'clock on sunny days under natural weather conditions. Sprayed for a minute. In the “cross-bonded state” 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm consolidated material PW, the surface was not partially flush, and there was a possibility that bubbles were generated or peeled inside. That is, it has been found that the usage environment conditions are restricted. In this test, the response to a sudden change in natural temperature was examined. Here, it is proved that the “parallel joined state” is easier to bond with each other than the “cross joined state”, and a good strength can be obtained. Even when the fiber directions are laminated in parallel with each other, even if expansion and contraction force is generated due to changes in ambient environmental conditions after consolidation, the oil palm base materials W interact with each other, or oil palm Since the base material W functions so that warp deformation in a specific direction does not occur in the heel base material V1, the deformation is prevented and the mechanical strength can be increased. That is, even when the number of all the oil palm base materials W is an odd number, distortion caused by changes in ambient environmental conditions can be prevented in the same manner as when the fiber directions are stacked with the fiber directions orthogonal to each other.

However, in other samples, since hemicellulose has a function of binding lignin and cellulose, it is unclear how much they interfere with each other in the naturally cultivated state of oil palm trunk WD. By raising the temperature to a predetermined temperature (120 ° C. or higher), for example, 80 ° C. or higher of the reaction start temperature of lignin, it becomes 60 ° C. or higher of the reaction start temperature of hemicellulose. It turned out to be a material.
In the “cross-bonded state” 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm laminated plywood PW, when 0.4 to 1.2 mm vascular bundles intersect, hemicellulose is lignin and cellulose at the intersection of the highly unique vascular bundles. It is estimated that the total amount of hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose obtained at a predetermined temperature and compressive force is small, and the joining is not completely performed.

Moreover, the inventors performed the test showing the joint strength of Table 2 and Table 3 as severe use conditions. Although many samples were used, the samples submitted this time are extracted from the areas where remarkable features appear.
The compacted material A is composed of four oil palm bases W1,..., W4 having a thickness of 3.0 mm before compaction. The compact B is composed of four oil palm substrates W, and the thickness of the oil palm substrate W is 2.5 mm + 3.0 mm + 3.0 mm + 2.5 mm. The compacted material C is composed of three oil palm base materials W, and the thickness of the oil palm base material W is 2.5 mm + 3.0 mm + 2.5 mm. The compacted material D is composed of three 3.0 mm oil palm base materials W, and the thickness of the oil palm base material W is 3.0 mm + 3.0 mm + 3.0 mm.
The overall compression ratio of the pre-pressed compact NW and the compact PW was calculated by the formula {(thickness of the pre-press compacted NW) − (thickness of the compact PW)} / thickness of the pre-pressed compact NW. .

Here, in the severe bonding force test of applying 30 ° C. hot water and 60 ° C. hot water, the consolidation material A and the consolidation material B did not change within 90 minutes even when applied to 30 ° C. hot water. However, when immersed in hot water at 60 ° C., the laminated surfaces of the consolidated material A and the consolidated material B softened in 45 minutes.
Further, with the compacted material C, the laminated surface softened in 30 minutes even when immersed in hot water at 30 ° C. That is, this is not a problem of 60 ° C. or higher of the reaction start temperature of hemicellulose, but it can be estimated that the influence of compressive force is exerted. If the compressive force is increased, the air inside the compacted material C disappears and dense bonding is performed, but if the compressive force is weak, only formal bonding is performed without crushing the fibers. It is estimated that the whole was softened. Of course, the laminated surface softened in 15 minutes even when the compacted material C was immersed in hot water at 60 ° C.
And the consolidation material D is joined to the hot water of 30 ° C. for 45 minutes or less by increasing the thickness of the oil palm base material W and increasing the compressive force. Endure less than a minute. Therefore, it is a necessary requirement to increase the compression force. From the viewpoint of the compression rate, a compression rate of 60% or more, more preferably 65% or more is desirable. In particular, when the compression rate is 70% or more, the safety is increased. When the compression rate is low, it is desirable to apply a water-repellent coating agent to the surface.

That is, experimentally, when the compression ratio is 65% or more, the oil palm base material W is a pre-pressed compact NW formed by arranging the fiber (vascular bundle) lengths so as to intersect at right angles. The thickness of the oil palm substrate W is preferably 2.5 mm or more because there is a boundary line at 2.5 mm. In particular, there is no condition in which the compact PW is immersed in hot water at 30 ° C. in nature, but it can still be used if the thickness of the oil palm base material W is 2.5 mm and the compressibility is 65% or more. Is shown.
In addition, the condition that the compact PW is immersed in hot water at 60 ° C. is to confirm the possibility that hemicellulose inhibits the binding between lignin and cellulose. If the compression ratio is 65% or more, It also indicates that it is difficult to appear.
However, since it means that the boundary line of the compressibility is about 65%, in mass production, it is desirably 65% or more, and the thickness of the oil palm base material W is also 3.0 mm. As described above, a thickness of 1 mm or more is desirable for the thickness after consolidation.

  Furthermore, the inventors conducted experiments similar to those in Tables 2 and 3 using three pieces of oil palm base material W as the compacting materials E to G, each having a thickness of 4 mm. It was confirmed that the compression ratio was 48.75%, which was 50%, and it was not immersed in hot water at 60 ° C. That is, it was confirmed that the compression rate should be 50% or more, and if the compression rate was 40% or more, there was no practical problem.

  As described above, the compacting material MW of the present embodiment is a predetermined temperature condition for the oil palm base material W cut out from the trunk of the oil palm with a predetermined width, thickness, and length, and the oil palm base material W. In the compacted material MW or the compacted material PW, which is compressed by fixing by lowering the temperature to a predetermined temperature and depressurizing after a predetermined time has passed and compressed by applying a predetermined compressive force. The thickness of the oil palm base material W is defined as the thickness of the compressibility in a state where the vascular bundle A is not broken while restricting the elongation in the direction perpendicular to the compression direction of the force.

The oil palm compact material of the above embodiment cuts out an oil palm base material W having a predetermined width, thickness, and length from the trunk of the oil palm, and uses the resin component and sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W. The thickness of the consolidated oil palm base material W is a thickness in which the vascular bundle A is not destroyed. The vascular bundle A of the oil palm trunk WD is almost circular (maximum length + minimum length) / 2, and the average diameter (arithmetic mean = arithmetic mean) of the vascular bundle A is 0.4 to 1.2 mm. It has a thickness and a conduit B is formed therein. The thickness of the vascular bundle A varies greatly depending on the position of the oil palm trunk WD, and is generally thin on the upper side and thick on the root side. Further, from the position of the cut surface of the oil palm trunk WD, the cross section of the vascular bundle A on the outer peripheral side is thin and gradually becomes thicker toward the center. If the vascular bundle A of the oil palm base material W is not broken, the surface will not be crushed, so that even if it is used as a design surface, a person will not be pierced with a spine or damage an object. Moreover, it does not occur that the hair of an animal or the like is caught in the crest and a hairball is made, which is not good-looking.
Therefore, a compacting material that can be used as an inexpensive building material that does not dispose of oil palm trunk WD and increases mechanical strength by utilizing components that oil palm originally has and does not easily pulverize. MW or consolidated material PW is obtained.

The thickness of the oil palm base material W of the oil palm compact material of the above embodiment is such that the thickness after compaction is 1 mm or more.
The thickness of this oil palm base W is such that the thickness after the consolidation process is 1 mm or more, and the circumference of the vascular bundle A does not change hard due to the silica crystals attached. Even if it is deformed, it is only a deformation of about 1/10 to 2/10 of a thickness of 0.4 to 1.2 mm, and in the consolidation process, it changes as a deformation of the parenchyma C excluding the vascular bundle A. However, even if the oil palm base material W is compressed at a pressure at which the vascular bundle A is broken so that an external force is directly applied to the vascular bundle A, the mechanical strength does not change according to the compression force, or mechanical The intensity drops. In addition, when the vascular bundle A of the oil palm base material W is broken, the surface becomes a surface that is raised, and there is no difference from the surface that is not compacted. In particular, the breakage of the vascular bundle A is harder than usual, which makes it difficult to handle. In other words, the oil palm base material W does not have to increase the compression ratio, it is important how to determine the harmony with the vascular bundle A. The thickness of the compacted oil palm base material W is less than 1.0 mm. In this case, since the vascular bundle A cannot maintain its shape below the trunk of the oil palm, the thickness of the compacted oil palm base material W is specified to be 1.0 mm or more.

The compacted oil palm base material of the oil palm compact material of the above embodiment does not stand up even if it is polished 1/10 mm from its outer surface.
In this oil palm compacted material, the compacted oil palm base material does not stand up even if it is polished by 1/10 mm from its outer surface. Even so, the surface can be prevented from standing up and can be used as a building material that can withstand long-term use.

The oil palm base material has a steel ball indenter diameter of D [mm], a load of P [N], a permanent recess diameter of d [mm], and a pressure of 3000 kgf applied with a steel ball having a diameter of 10 mm. Brinell hardness HB is
HB = 0.102 × 2P / [πD {D− (D ² −d ² ) ^1/2 }]
It is calculated by the following formula, and is 100 (100HBS 10/3000) or more .
In the oil palm compact, according to the experiments by the inventors, the diameter of the steel ball indenter is D [mm], the load is P [N], and the diameter of the permanent depression is d, in a state where the vascular bundle is not broken. When the pressure was 3000 kgf with a steel ball having a diameter of 10 mm, the Brinell hardness HB was about 100 (100 HB 10/3000). Therefore, this is equivalent to a 1 mm thickness of a 4 mm thick oil palm base material compressed at a compression rate of 75%. Desirably, the thickness is such that the vascular bundles are connected side by side, the compaction process is stable, the surface is hard, and no wrinkling occurs. It turned out that the Brinell hardness HB should be about 50 (50 HB 10/3000) or more.

Only the oil palm base material W or a plurality of oil palm base materials W produced from the oil palm trunk WD having a predetermined length is compressed and fixed, and integrally joined. At this time, an oil palm compacted material joined with a natural product using the resin component and sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W is obtained. Since the amount of the resin component and the sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W at the time of joining from the oil palm base material W alone or between each other is ensured without using another adhesive, the oil palm base material Since joining of W is easy and the oil palm base material W can be made into an arbitrary thickness, an oil palm compacted material having a required thickness can be formed according to the intended use.
Therefore, using oil palm trunk WD, suppressing the use of formaldehyde adhesives that cause sick house syndrome, and using components inherent in oil palm, it is an inexpensive compact MW or compact. PW is obtained.

The oil palm compacted material of the above-described embodiment is disposed by overlapping an oil palm base material W having a predetermined shape made from the oil palm trunk WD and the oil palm base material W, and made from wood other than the oil palm. The oil palm base material W includes a wood base material such as the cocoon base material V1 and the like, and the oil palm base material W includes the wood base material such as the cocoon base material V1 between the oil palm base material W and the cocoon base material V1. A resin component and a sugar component are used for consolidation, and an oil palm base material W and a wood base material such as a straw base material V1 are joined together.
Therefore, an oil palm base material W made from an oil palm trunk WD of a predetermined length, and another oil palm base material W and a wood base material such as a straw base material V1, etc. are compressed, fixed and integrally joined. It is. At this time, an oil palm compact PW joined with a natural product using a resin component and a sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W is obtained.

Since the amount of the resin component and the sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W at the time of joining from between the oil palm base materials W also joins the wood base material such as the straw base material V1, other adhesives The oil palm base material W and the wood base material such as the straw base material V1 can be easily joined, and the oil palm base material W can be made to an arbitrary thickness. Thus, the compacted material PW having a necessary area can be formed. Further, the amount of the resin component and the sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W when joining from between the oil palm base materials W is insufficient to join the wood base material such as the straw base material V1. However, the amount of other adhesives to be used is reduced, the oil palm base material W and the wood base material such as the straw base material V1 are easily joined, and the oil palm base material W has an arbitrary thickness. Therefore, the consolidated material PW having a required area can be formed according to the purpose of use.
In addition, for joining the wood base material such as the straw base material V1 and the oil palm base material W, to the resin component and sugar component of the oil palm base material W to be joined, other oil palm tree trunks, foliage, fruit You may add and use the resin component and sugar component which are obtained by pulverizing a tuft.
Therefore, the oil palm trunk WD is used, the use of the formaldehyde-based adhesive that causes sick house syndrome is suppressed, and the components inherently possessed by the oil palm are used, so that an inexpensive compact PW can be obtained. .

The consolidation of the oil palm compact material of the above embodiment is regulated so that at least the oil palm base material W or the oil palm base material W, preferably the pre-pressurized compact material NW does not extend in the plane direction of the plate. Thus, the pressure in the vertical direction is applied to the surface of the oil palm base material W, the pressure in the vertical direction is efficiently applied to the surface of the oil palm base material W, and the entire oil palm compact is once applied. Can be formed by compaction.
Further, the consolidation of the oil palm compacted material in the above-described embodiment is to control the pressure under a predetermined temperature condition, maintain the pressure for a predetermined time, decompress the pressure, and fix it. Therefore, the pressure is controlled under a predetermined temperature condition, the pressure is controlled for a predetermined time, the pressure is released and the pressure is fixed, and a stabilized oil palm compact with reduced hysteresis is obtained.

When this oil palm trunk WD is a node, when producing the oil palm base material W, a homogeneous oil palm base material W is obtained, and as a result, the compact PW made of the oil palm base material W becomes homogeneous. . Moreover, since the joining force is changed by the resin component and sugar component contained in the oil palm trunk WD itself depending on the applied temperature and pressure, an arbitrary adhesive force can be obtained by controlling the applied temperature and pressure. In the case of forming a consolidated material PW by joining a plurality of oil palm base materials W with a resin component and a sugar component contained in the oil palm trunk WD itself, other synthetic resins and synthetic rubbers are used as adhesives. Not because you can return to nature.

Furthermore, due to the compressive force when the oil palm trunk WD itself contains resin components such as lignin and saccharides such as cellulose and hemicellulose, the oil palm substrate W is almost free of voids and becomes a dense structure. Therefore, it has water resistance, is waterproof and insect-proof, and has a long service life even when used as a building material.
In particular, hemicellulose has a function of binding lignin and cellulose, and it is unclear how much they interfere with each other when the oil palm trunk WD is naturally cultivated. However, it was confirmed that by raising the temperature to a predetermined temperature, for example, 80 ° C. or more of the reaction start temperature of lignin, the reaction start temperature of hemicellulose was 60 ° C. or more, and they reacted with each other to become firm characteristics.

As described above, the oil palm compacted material of the present embodiment is formed of the oil palm base material W from the oil palm trunk WD having a predetermined length, and the thickness of one sheet after being compacted is 1 mm or more. One or more of the oil palm base material W and one or more of the Lauan base material, the China base material, or the conifer base material of a predetermined shape are arranged facing the oil palm base material W, and they are compressed. It is fixed and joined together.
Therefore, the amount of the resin component and the sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W during consolidation from the oil palm base material W is ensured without using another adhesive. Also, one or more oil palm base materials W and one or more of Lauan base material, China base material, and conifer base material are arranged facing the oil palm base material W, and they are compressed and fixed. Since these are integrally joined, a compacted material PW joined with a natural product using a resin component and a sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W is obtained. In addition, since one or more of the Lawan base material, the Chinese base material, and the conifer base material can be used as a core material or as a design surface, a consolidated material PW can be manufactured according to the application.
Therefore, the mechanical strength of the compact PW itself is increased, and the use of formaldehyde-based adhesives that cause sick house syndrome is suppressed. It becomes PW.

  Since this oil palm trunk WD has no nodes or annual rings, when the oil palm base material W is produced, a homogeneous oil palm base material W is obtained. As a result, the oil palm base material W composed of the oil palm base material W is obtained. Will be homogeneous. Moreover, since the joining force is changed by the resin component and sugar component contained in the oil palm trunk WD itself depending on the applied temperature and pressure, an arbitrary adhesive force can be obtained by controlling the applied temperature and pressure. In the case where the compacted material MW is formed by joining a plurality of oil palm substrates W with the resin component and sugar component contained in the oil palm trunk WD itself, other synthetic resins and synthetic rubbers are used as adhesives. Not because you can return to nature.

Furthermore, due to the compressive force when the oil palm trunk WD itself contains resin components such as lignin and saccharides such as cellulose and hemicellulose, the oil palm substrate W is almost free of voids and becomes a dense structure. Therefore, it has water resistance, is waterproof and insect-proof, and has a long service life even when used as a building material.
In particular, hemicellulose has a function of binding lignin and cellulose, and it is unclear how much they interfere with each other when the oil palm trunk WD is naturally cultivated. However, it was confirmed that by raising the temperature to a predetermined temperature, for example, 80 ° C. or more of the reaction start temperature of lignin, the reaction start temperature of hemicellulose was 60 ° C. or more, and they reacted with each other to become firm characteristics.

The compacting material MW or the compacting material PW of the above-described embodiment is one or more sheets each having a thickness of 1 mm or more after the pre-pressurized compacting material NW is cut out from the oil palm trunk WD having a predetermined length and then compacted. The oil palm base material W and a Lauan base material, a Chinese base material, or a coniferous base material having a predetermined length of lauan or a Chinese or coniferous tree trunk formed in a plate shape in the length direction of the trunk The above is arranged facing the oil palm base material W, and they are integrally joined.
Therefore, the mechanical strength of the compact PW itself is increased, and the use of formaldehyde-based adhesives that cause sick house syndrome is suppressed. It becomes a consolidated material.

Further, at least one oil palm base material W that has been subjected to consolidation processing and one or more of a lauan base material, a Chinese base material, and a conifer base material are disposed facing the oil palm base material W, If the resin palm and the sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W are insufficient in the case where the oil palm base material W is contained integrally, it adheres to one or more joining targets of any one of the Lauan base material, China base material, and conifer base material. A desired compact PW is manufactured by adding and bonding the agent.
Therefore, since the adhesive is used when the resin component and the sugar component contained in the oil palm base W are insufficient, the use of the formaldehyde-based adhesive that causes sick house syndrome is suppressed, and the oil palm is essential. An oil palm compact using the components contained in
At this time, in the adhesive to be added to join the oil palm base material W and the other wood base material, to the resin component and sugar component of the oil palm base material W to be joined, other oil palm tree trunks, foliage, It can also be used by adding a resin component and a sugar component obtained by pulverizing the fruit bunches.

The oil palm compaction material of the above embodiment is one or more oil palms each having a thickness of 1 mm or more after the oil palm base material W is cut out from the oil palm trunk WD having a predetermined length and subjected to consolidation. One or more of the base material W and a Lauan base material, a Chinese base material, or a coniferous base material cut into a predetermined thickness from a predetermined length of a Lauan stem, a Chinese stem or a conifer trunk, and an oil palm base material They are placed facing W and joined together.
However, at least one of Lawan, Sina, or conifer is one or more of Lawan, Sina, or conifer, which has a predetermined length of Lauan or Sina or coniferous trunk formed in a plate shape in the length direction of the trunk. These plates can be arranged facing the oil palm base material W, and they can be joined together.
At this time, the joint may be compressed as a position process of the consolidation process, or may be compression for joining separately from the consolidation process.

  That is, the oil palm compacted material of the above embodiment is formed as a predetermined shape of an oil palm base material W from a predetermined length of oil palm trunk WD, and the thickness of one sheet after being compacted is 1 mm or more. One or more oil palm base materials W and any one of lauan, china, coniferous wood, etc., in which a predetermined length of lawan or other wood such as china or conifer is formed into a plate shape in the length direction of the trunk One or more of these may be arranged facing the oil palm base material W, and they may be integrally joined.

Accordingly, at least one compacted oil palm base material W and one or more plate materials of lauan, china, and conifer are arranged facing the oil palm base material W, and they are joined together. Therefore, when the resin component and sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W are insufficient, an adhesive is added to one or more joining objects of Lauan, China, and conifers and pasted together. Thus, a desired consolidated material PW is obtained.
Therefore, the mechanical strength of the compact PW itself is increased, and the use of formaldehyde-based adhesives that cause sick house syndrome is suppressed. It becomes a consolidated material.

One or more oil palm base materials W arranged facing the oil palm base material W of the above-described embodiment and joined together, and one or more of either a Lauan base material, a Chinese base material, or a conifer base material The oil palm base material W that is integrally joined with the resin is obtained by using the resin component and sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W for the joining, compressing and fixing them, and joining them integrally.
Accordingly, one or more oil palm base materials W and one or more of Lauan base material, China base material, or softwood base material are used as a compacting material PW, and the resin component and sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W Therefore, the use of a formaldehyde-based adhesive that causes sick house syndrome can be suppressed, and a laminated plywood PW using the components inherently possessed by the oil palm trunk WD can be obtained.

  For the joining of one or more oil palm base materials W that are arranged facing the oil palm base material W of the above embodiment and are integrally joined, a resin component and a sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W are used. In addition to the resin component and the sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W, the oil palm base to be joined is bonded to the joint surface integrally joined with one or more of the Lauan base material, the Chinese base material, or the softwood base material. A resin component and a sugar component obtained by pulverizing the trunk, stems, leaves, and fruit bunches of oil palm different from the material W can also be used. Alternatively, other adhesives can be added. For joining one or more oil palm base materials W, a resin component and a sugar component contained in the oil palm base material W are used, and one of either a Lauan base material, a Chinese base material, or a conifer base material. Since the above joining can also be performed firmly, the use of a formaldehyde-based adhesive that causes sick house syndrome is suppressed, and a consolidated material PW using components inherently possessed by oil palm is obtained.

The process of cutting out the oil palm base material W from the oil palm trunk WD having a predetermined length in the above embodiment can be defined as a base material process. The base material process may include a step of sawing a wood base material such as the straw base material V1 formed from wood other than the oil palm such as the straw base material V1. Thus, the process of drying the wood base material such as the straw base material V1 and the oil palm base material W is the same as the process of forming the wood base material such as the straw base material V1 and the oil palm base material W. Even if it is a process, it may be a separate process, and this can be a drying process.
And the process of laminating the dried wood base material such as the straw base material V1 and the oil palm base material W as a plurality of pre-pressurized compacts NW in a predetermined state is usually a unit of 2 to 5 sheets. However, in principle, two or more layers may be used, and this can be used as an arrangement step.
In particular, by reducing the number of wood base materials such as cocoon base material V1 than the number of oil palm base materials W, at least as compared with conventional plywood, formaldehyde adhesives that cause sick house syndrome Use can be suppressed to 1/2 or less.

Furthermore, the oil palm base material W and the base material of Lauan, China, coniferous tree, persimmon, cedar, rice bran, persimmon leaf, rice cedar, Karamatsu, red pine, chestnut, persimmon, persimmon, persimmon, cherry, persimmon, In order to raise the temperature of the base material using the grain of the cocoons and the like, the process of introducing steam or electric heat and heating or heating with a hot plate can be a heating process because heating energy is supplied. Furthermore, the laminated lawan, china, conifer base material heated by the heating step, persimmon, cedar, rice bran, persimmon leaf, rice cedar, karamatsu, akamatsu, chestnut, persimmon, persimmon, persimmon, cherry, persimmon , Base material made of wood such as oak, oil palm base W and wood grain of cedar, cedar, rice bran, bamboo leaf, rice cedar, pine pine, red pine, chestnut, bamboo shoot, bamboo shoot, bamboo shoot, cherry tree, bamboo shoot, bamboo shoot The step of applying a compressive force in the direction perpendicular to the surfaces of the wood base material and oil palm base material W that have been utilized can be a compression step of compressing at a predetermined compression rate.
In addition, after compressing for a predetermined time in the compression step, the temperature supplied in the heating step is lowered, the compression state of the compact PW is fixed, and the compression force compressed at a predetermined compression rate is released. This can be taken as a fixing step by grasping this from the compact PW.

  As described above, the laminated plywood of the above-described embodiment is a step S10 in which a predetermined length of oil palm trunk WD is sawn and formed on a plurality of oil palm base materials W and / or wood base materials such as straw base materials V1. Arrangement comprising: a base material process comprising: a drying process comprising step S11 for drying the oil palm base material W; and a step S12 for laminating a plurality of oil palm base materials W dried in the drying process in a predetermined state. A heating step consisting of a step, heating step S16 to increase the temperature of the laminated lauan base material and oil palm base material W after the placement step, and the laminated oil palm heated by the heating step Applying a compressive force in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the oil palm base material W while restricting the base material W from extending in a direction parallel to the surface of the oil palm base material W. A compression process comprising step S17 for compressing for a fixed time, and an immobilization process comprising step S19 for lowering and cooling and fixing the temperature supplied in the heating process after pressing for a predetermined time in the compression process. To do.

  Therefore, since the oil palm trunk WD used in these steps has no nodes and no annual rings, when the oil palm base material W is created by peeling off from the outer periphery to a predetermined thickness with a rotary race, a uniform oil palm base material W is obtained. As a result, the compact PW made of the oil palm base material W becomes homogeneous. In addition, since the bonding force can be changed by the action of resin components such as lignin contained in the oil palm trunk WD itself and sugars such as cellulose and hemicellulose, depending on the applied temperature and compressive force, the control of the applied temperature and compressive force is possible. Arbitrary adhesive strength can be obtained. And the base that made use of multiple grain such as Lawan, China, coniferous base material, persimmon, cedar, rice bran, persimmon leaf, rice cedar, Karamatsu, Akamatsu, chestnut, persimmon, persimmon, persimmon, cherry, persimmon, persimmon Since the material and the oil palm base material W are joined by the action of a resin component such as lignin contained in the oil palm trunk WD itself and a saccharide such as cellulose and hemicellulose, the compacted material PW is formed. Since synthetic rubber is not used as an adhesive, it can be returned to nature without causing pollution problems. Furthermore, due to the compressive force when the oil palm trunk WD itself contains resin components such as lignin and saccharides such as cellulose and hemicellulose, the oil palm substrate W is almost free of voids and becomes a dense structure. Therefore, it has water resistance, is waterproof and insect-proof, and has a long service life even when used as a building material.

The production of the oil palm compacted material of the above embodiment can be generalized as an embodiment of the method for producing an oil palm compacted material as follows.
A base material comprising step S10 comprising a step of cutting out the oil palm base material W from the oil palm trunk WD having a predetermined length and a step of cutting out a wood base material such as the cocoon base material V1 etc. A step of drying the oil palm base material W formed in the base material step and the other base material step S11, and an oil palm base material W and / or other bases dried in the drying step. A placement step comprising step S12 of laminating a plurality of wood base materials such as the material V1 in a predetermined state, and the temperature of the oil palm base material W and / or other wood base material laminated after the placement step. To the oil palm base material W and the other wood base material heated by the heating step, and the heating step consisting of step S16 for heating to raise the oil palm base material W and Or while restricting extending in the direction parallel to the surface of the other wood base by the positioning hole 18 or the frame body 20, the oil palm base W and / or the direction perpendicular to the surface of the other wood base The compression process consisting of step S17 for compressing for a predetermined time by applying a compressive force, and the temperature at which the oil palm base material W and / or other wood base material compressed for a predetermined time in the compression process were supplied in the heating process. It can be set as the manufacturing method of the oil palm compacting material which comprises the fixing process which consists of step S19 which descend | falls and fixes.

  The frame body 20 or the positioning hole 18 for positioning each side of the arrangement step of laminating the oil palm base material W or the like dried in the drying step of the above embodiment in a predetermined state is a frame body that regulates a predetermined stacking surface. 20 or the positioning hole 18, which regulates the top and bottom and the left and right of the surface of the oil palm base material W. Therefore, the oil palm base material W is prevented from extending in a direction perpendicular to the surface to which the compressive force is applied, and a thick portion and a thin portion are not generated depending on the position of the compacted material PW.

  In the oil palm compacted material of the above embodiment, one of the plurality of laminated oil palm base materials W is used as a base material utilizing the grain of the wood base material such as the cocoon base material V1, etc. In addition, one or more of these are integrally joined as a consolidation material PW. As described above, the compacted material PW obtained by integrally joining the oil palm base material W in the joining composition of the oil palm base material W with one or more sheets other than the oil palm base material W is a laminated oil palm base. By arranging one or more materials W other than the oil palm base material W on the exposed surface on one side as shown in FIG. 7, the wood base material such as the straw base material V1 or the like is used as the oil palm base material W. It can be joined with the adhesive ability. Moreover, it can be set as the design which utilized the grain arrange | positioned in the exposed surface of those one sides. Therefore, only one surface of the consolidation material PW can be made of thin wood made of other materials. In particular, it is suitable for use as a decorative board.

In the arranging step of laminating a plurality of wood substrates and oil palm substrates W such as the cocoon substrate V1 of the above embodiment in a predetermined state, the plurality of cocoon substrates V1 and oil palm substrates laminated. One of the surfaces on one side of W or two of both end surfaces is a wood substrate such as a cocoon substrate V1 made of wood other than the oil palm substrate W, and the cocoon substrate V1 other than the oil palm substrate W A wood base material such as the above is integrally joined as a consolidated material PW. Here, the oil palm base material W can be 1 or more.
Of course, the wood other than the oil palm base material W may be a wood base material such as the cocoon base material V1, or a Chinese base material or a conifer base material instead of the wood base material such as the cocoon base material V1. It can also be. Alternatively, one or a combination of the two can be used.

  Since the drying process of step S11 of the method for producing the oil palm compacted material of the present embodiment is to dry the moisture content of the oil palm base material W within a range of 5% to 30%, cracks, deformation, and swelling are caused. , Rupture and the like are prevented. Therefore, more stable dimensional shape is ensured and the yield is high. Moreover, when the moisture content is in a dry state within a range of 5% to 30%, it is also suitable for joining with a Lauan base material, a Chinese base material, a conifer base material, and the like.

  Since the heating temperature in the heating process of step S11 in the production of the oil palm compacted material of the present embodiment is within the range of 110 ° C to 170 ° C, immobilization failure or poor joining between woods in consolidation processing, Further, material deterioration such as surface carbonization and reduction in material strength can be prevented. In addition, when the heating temperature is in the range of 110 ° C. to 170 ° C., it is also suitable for joining with a Lauan base material, a Chinese base material, a conifer base material, and the like.

Since the predetermined compression pressure by the compression process of step S17 in the manufacture of the oil palm consolidated material of the present embodiment is in the range of 1 to 100 kg / cm ² , immobilization defects in the consolidation process and between woods It is possible to prevent poor bonding and occurrence of surface cracks. It was confirmed that there was no problem in joining with Lauan base material, China base material, conifer base material and the like.

  In the production of the oil palm compacted material of the present embodiment, the time required for the heating process in step S16 and the compression process in step S17 is in the range of 10 minutes to 120 minutes. It is possible to prevent the bonding failure between them and the carbonization of the surface. It has been confirmed by the inventors' experiments that there is no problem in joining with a Lawan base material, a Chinese base material, a conifer base material, or the like.

In the oil palm compact material of the present embodiment, the compacted oil palm base material does not stand up even if it is polished 1/10 mm from its outer surface.
According to the experiments by the present inventors, efforts have been made to prevent the occurrence of pruning on the surface of the oil palm base material due to consolidation. However, it was confirmed that if the compacting process was performed under conditions where no crushing occurred on the surface of the oil palm base, it would not stand up even if it was polished 1/10 mm from the outer surface.

In the oil palm compacted material of the present embodiment, the compacted oil palm base material does not flutter even if it is polished by 1/10 mm from its outer surface. It can be used as a building material that can withstand long-term use.

WD Oil palm trunk W, W1,..., W5 Oil palm base material V1 Base material PW Consolidation material NW Consolidation material MC before pressurization Consolidation material manufacturing apparatus IS Internal space 10 Press panel 18 Positioning hole 20 Frame

Claims (2)

In the oil palm compacted material in which the oil palm base material cut out from the trunk of the oil palm is compacted by heat compression and fixation ,
The oil palm is characterized in that the oil palm base material is compressed to a thickness with a compressibility that does not destroy the vascular bundle under the restriction that the oil palm base material does not extend in a direction perpendicular to the compression direction of the compression force in the heat compression. Consolidated material. 2. The oil palm compacted material according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the compacted oil palm base material is 1 mm or more .