WO2018061919A1 - Consolidated plywood - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a consolidated plywood obtained by effectively using an oil palm stem material, which has been heretofore left unused, as an original wood material without producing new industrial waste, said consolidated plywood having, among various physical properties, a particularly high Young's modulus and excellent rigidity and being able to be used for a wide range of applications as a replacement for hard wood. In said consolidated plywood obtained by consolidating a laminated material composed of a plurality of single sheets formed from an oil palm material, the value of air-dry density after the consolidation is in the range of 0. 6-1. 4 (g/cm³) and the value of bending Young's modulus is in the range of 3. 5-18. 0 (GPa).

Description

Consolidated plywood

The present invention relates mainly to a consolidated plywood formed by laminating and compacting oil palm veneers, and particularly to a consolidated plywood having good physical properties that can be widely used from industrial materials to building interior materials and furniture.

Plywood is made by drying a thin strip (ply veneer) like a radish wig, and laminating multiple veneers so that the fiber direction (grain direction) intersects with an adhesive between them. It is applied and joined to form a single plate. Applications of these plywood are structural plywood used for structures such as houses, concrete plywood (companies) for concrete formwork used for concrete formwork, or interior plywood and furniture, and also decorative plywood substrates It is also widely used.

In particular, it has the excellent characteristics of wood that can adapt to high temperature and high humidity environments like Japan, and further compensates some of the defects of wood with manufacturing technology, making it stronger and wider than single wood (sawmill). And it is an excellent material with little expansion and contraction. In addition, as a single material, tree species with limited applications can be used, which contributes to effective use of resources. For these plywoods, broad-leaved trees such as lauan and merante, conifers such as larch and radiata pine, which are generally cultivated on a large scale overseas and are available in large quantities, are used.

On the other hand, oil palm is also cultivated on a large scale as a commercial crop mainly in Malaysia and Indonesia. The cultivation of this oil palm is aimed at collecting fats and oils, and only the pulp and seeds are used. Oil palm, on the other hand, has been replanted every 25 years after the end of its economic life due to a decrease in the yield of fruits 25 to 30 years after planting.

It is said that the large amount of oil palm trunk material that is generated during this reforestation is not suitable for lumbering because it is crazy for wood applications. Therefore, the trunk material of the felled oil palm is not used effectively, but is disposed of as industrial waste or left on the farm.

Therefore, various attempts have been made to effectively use this oil palm trunk as a resource. In recent years, it has been studied as a raw material for carbon neutral fuel as a biomass resource. For example, in the following Patent Document 1, “use of oil palm material as a raw material for bioethanol” is proposed.

The trunk of the cut oil palm contains many free sugars in addition to cellulose and hemicellulose, unlike other tree species. These free sugars are mainly composed of sucrose, glucose, fructose and the like and contain about 10% of the trunk material. Furthermore, the trunk material of oil palm is said to contain about 25% of starch (Non-patent Document 1 below).

Therefore, in Patent Document 1 below, the trunk material of oil palm is squeezed and separated into a squeezed solution containing free sugar and a squeezed culm (squeezed culm). Furthermore, this pressed rice bran is subjected to an enzyme treatment (amylase treatment) to obtain a treatment liquid containing a monosaccharide, and a mixture of this treatment liquid and the compression liquid is fermented to obtain ethanol.

Further, in the following Patent Document 2, a “water-absorbing material” is proposed in which the trunk material of oil palm is not decomposed but is used as a raw material. This water-absorbing material is a highly water-absorbing material mainly composed of soft tissue obtained from oil palm trunk (which is considered to be “soft cells” that store starch and the like).

Furthermore, in the following Patent Document 3, “plywood, palm plywood, plywood manufacturing method, and palm plywood manufacturing method” using an oil palm trunk as an original wood material is proposed. This palm plywood is obtained by joining veneers obtained from oil palm trunk material with an adhesive. In the above-mentioned general plywood manufacturing method, a plurality of single plates obtained by thinly peeling oil palm trunk material are used. They are laminated, and an adhesive is applied between them and joined to form a single plate material (plywood).

JP 2009-112246 A JP2011-224479A JP 2011-068015 A

By the way, the use of bioethanol as the raw material of Patent Document 1 is wonderful as the production of carbon neutral fuel, but it is necessary to squeeze the oil palm trunk material, to perform enzyme treatment, and to perform fermentation treatment. Requires complex processes and large facilities.

Moreover, although the water absorbing material of the said patent document 2 is utilization as industrial material, complicated processes, such as isolation | separation of soft tissue and a vascular bundle by pressing, drying of a solid residue, grinding | pulverization, and sieving, are required. . In addition, soft tissue, which is a water-absorbing material, is about 50-60% of the solid residue produced by pressing, and will generate new industrial waste such as pressing liquid and disposal of vascular bundles that are unnecessary solids. .

On the other hand, the use as a palm plywood of the above-mentioned Patent Document 3 can use a single plate obtained by peeling off an oil palm trunk material and drying it. Therefore, most of the oil palm trunk can be used, and no new industrial waste is generated.

However, the veneer obtained from the trunk material of oil palm is different from the veneer such as lauan conventionally used for plywood, has a low density, and therefore the strength is weak. It becomes a problem and the use is limited.

Furthermore, not only palm plywood, but also conventional plywood, the problem of adhesives for joining single plates has been greatly highlighted in recent years. This is because urea resins and melamine resins widely used as adhesives for plywood gradually decompose and emit formaldehyde due to aging. Currently, measures are taken such as reducing the amount of formaldehyde used in the production of the adhesive and adding a catcher agent that absorbs and decomposes formaldehyde generated by decomposition from the adhesive on the plywood. However, it is still reported that it causes sick house syndrome and atopic dermatitis in sensitive children.

Thus, when producing plywood using the trunk material of oil palm having low strength, a material having practicality such as strength can be obtained unless a large amount of adhesive (or internal filling resin) is used. I could not. Moreover, the manufactured plywood could not be obtained with particularly excellent rigidity among various physical properties, and could not be used for a wide range of applications that could replace hard wood.

In view of the above, the present invention addresses the above-described problems, and effectively uses the trunk material of oil palm that has been left without being used so far as a new wood material, thereby providing new industrial waste. It is an object of the present invention to provide a compacted plywood that can be used for a wide range of applications that have a high Young's modulus and excellent rigidity among various physical properties, and can be used in place of hard wood.

In solving the above problems, the present inventors, as a result of earnest research, laminated single plates formed from the trunk material of oil palm, and by applying a predetermined temperature and pressure to make them compact, I found that it joined naturally. By utilizing this, the Young's modulus of the consolidated plywood is greatly improved by controlling the value of the air-dried density after consolidation (the density in the air-dried state with a moisture content of 15% by mass) within a predetermined range. The present inventors have found that a compacted plywood having a thickness of 1 is formed, thereby completing the present invention. Further, it has been found that even when a bonding component (adhesive) is added to the boundary surface of each single plate, a compacted plywood having even better rigidity can be formed in a very small amount.

That is, the consolidated plywood according to the present invention, according to the description of claim 1,
It is a consolidated plywood obtained by compacting a laminated material composed of a plurality of single plates formed from oil palm material,
The value of the air dry density after consolidation is in the range of 0.6 to 1.4 (g / cm ³ ), and the value of the bending Young's modulus is 3.5 to 18.0 (GPa). It is in the range.

Moreover, according to the description of claim 2, the present invention is the consolidation plywood according to claim 1,
Another single board formed from a tree species other than the oil palm material is laminated and consolidated in at least one of the outermost layers of the laminated material.

Moreover, according to the description of claim 3, the present invention is the consolidation plywood according to claim 1 or 2,
Each boundary surface of each single plate or other single plate constituting the laminated material has only a bonding component contained inside the oil palm material, and there is no other bonding component added from the outside. It is characterized by being joined.

Moreover, according to the description of Claim 4, this invention is the consolidation plywood of Claim 1 or 2,
At least one of the boundary surfaces of each single plate or other single plate constituting the laminated material, a bonding component contained inside the oil palm material, and another bonding component added from the outside And is bonded by the synergistic action of these bonding components.

Moreover, according to the description of claim 5, the present invention is the consolidation plywood according to claim 4,
In the boundary surface where the joining component contained inside the oil palm material and other joining components added from the outside exist,
Compared to the amount of the other joining component present in the vicinity of the boundary surface, the amount present in the central portion in the thickness direction of the single plate is small or absent.

Moreover, according to the description of Claim 6, this invention is the consolidation plywood of Claim 4 or 5,
The additional amount of the other joining component to the boundary surface of the laminated material is within the range of 50 to 500 (g / m ² ), preferably 60 to 300 (g / m ² ), with the total amount for one boundary surface being a solid content. m ² ).

According to the description of claim 7, the present invention is the consolidation plywood according to any one of claims 3 to 6,
The other joining component is not added to the surface exposed to the surface of the outermost single plate among the single plates or the other single plates constituting the laminated material.

According to the description of claim 8, the present invention is the consolidation plywood according to any one of claims 3 to 6,
The other joining component is added to the surface exposed to the surface of the outermost single plate among the single plates or other single plates constituting the laminated material.

Further, according to the description of claim 9, the present invention is the consolidation plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
Each of the single plates is formed by peeling off a trunk material of oil palm in a circumferential direction with a rotary race to a predetermined thickness from the outer periphery.

According to the description of claim 10, the present invention is the consolidation plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
It is characterized by conforming to the standard of “Class 1 immersion peeling test” defined in Japanese agricultural and forestry standard (JAS) Appendix 3 (3).

According to the description of claim 11, the present invention is the consolidation plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
By measuring in accordance with “Class 2 immersion peeling test” prescribed in Japanese agricultural and forestry standard (JAS) Appendix 3 (3) for plywood,
In the joint portion appearing on the side surface of the test piece, the length of the non-peeled portion is 67% or more of the length of the joint portion.

According to the above configuration, the consolidated plywood according to the present invention is formed by consolidating a laminated material composed of a plurality of single plates formed from an oil palm material. This makes it possible to effectively use the trunk material of oil palm that has been left without being used so far as the original woody material. Furthermore, since most of the oil palm trunk can be used as it is, no new industrial waste is generated in the intermediate process.

Further, according to the above configuration, the consolidated plywood according to the present invention has an air dry density value after consolidation in the range of 0.6 to 1.4 (g / cm ³ ), and a bending Young The coefficient value is in the range of 3.5 to 18.0 (GPa). As a result, among various physical properties, it has a particularly high Young's modulus, is excellent in rigidity, and can be used in a wide range of applications that can replace hard wood.

In addition, according to the above configuration, the consolidated plywood according to the present invention is formed by laminating another single plate formed from a tree species other than oil palm material on at least one of the outermost layers of the laminated material. May be. In this way, when other single plates are used as the outermost layer, in addition to the above effects, physical properties such as aesthetics and surface hardness such as the grain and gloss of the other single plates used can be further added. Moreover, when another single plate is used for the intermediate layer, the strength of the consolidated plywood can be further improved.

Moreover, according to the above configuration, only the bonding component contained in the oil palm material is present in each boundary surface of each single plate or other single plate constituting the laminated material of the consolidated plywood according to the present invention, It may be joined without the presence of other joining components added from the outside. That is, the single plates are joined (self-adhered) to form a consolidated plywood without adding a large amount of joining components such as an adhesive to the joining of the single plates. Thus, in addition to the above effects, there is no formaldehyde divergence from the adhesive, which is a problem with conventional plywood, and it is composed of a natural material itself and constitutes a consolidated plywood without adding other synthetic components. Can do.

Moreover, according to the said structure, the said oil palm material contains in the inside at least one boundary surface among each single surface which comprises the laminated material of the compacting plywood which concerns on this invention, or another single plate. There may be a joining component to be added and another joining component added from the outside, and the joining components may be joined by a synergistic action of these joining components. Even in this case, a compacted plywood is constructed by reinforcing a self-adhesion by adding a small amount of a bonding component such as an adhesive to the bonding between the single plates. In this way, in addition to the above effects, a compacted plywood can be configured with very little emission of formaldehyde from the adhesive, which is a problem with conventional plywood.

In addition, according to the above configuration, the compacted plywood according to the present invention has the other joining component at the boundary surface where the joining component contained in the oil palm material and the other joining component added from the outside exist. Compared to the amount present in the vicinity of the boundary surface, the amount present in the central portion in the thickness direction of the veneer is small or absent. In this way, in addition to the above effects, a compacted plywood can be configured more specifically with very little emission of formaldehyde from the adhesive, which is a problem with conventional plywood.

Further, according to the above configuration, the amount of the other joining component added to the boundary surface of the laminated material of the consolidated plywood according to the present invention is 50 to 500 (g / m ²⁾ , where the total amount for one boundary surface is a solid content. ), Preferably in the range of 60 to 300 (g / m ² ). In this way, in addition to the above effects, the amount of joining components used is not high and the cost is not increased, and moreover, a compacted plywood can be configured more specifically with very little formaldehyde emission.

Moreover, according to the said structure, another joining component is not added to the surface exposed to the surface of the single board of the outermost layer among each single board which comprises the laminated material of the compacting plywood which concerns on this invention, or another single board. You may do it. As a result, in addition to the above effects, the surface is made of a natural material itself, and can express the grain of wood, gloss, and the like.

Further, according to the above configuration, other bonding components are added to the surface exposed on the surface of the outermost single plate among the single plates or other single plates constituting the laminated material of the consolidated plywood according to the present invention. You may be allowed to. As a result, in addition to the above effects, the surface is covered with the bonding component, and the grain and gloss of the single plate are emphasized, and physical properties such as surface hardness can be further improved.

Moreover, according to the said structure, each veneer which comprises the consolidation plywood which concerns on this invention formed by peeling the trunk material of oil palm to the predetermined thickness from the outer periphery with the rotary race, rotating the circumferential direction in the circumferential direction. It may be. Thus, by forming a single plate by a rotary race, a single plate having a predetermined thickness can be stably formed in a large amount. Moreover, the trunk material of oil palm can be completely utilized from a sapwood to a core material.

Also, according to the above configuration, the consolidated plywood according to the present invention meets the standard of “Class 1 immersion peeling test” defined in (3) of Japanese Agricultural Standards (JAS) Appendix 3 of plywood. In this way, in addition to the above effects, it can be used for applications where the joint strength of the joint portion is particularly required.

Moreover, according to the said structure, the compacted plywood which concerns on this invention is tested by measuring based on "Class 2 immersion peeling test" prescribed | regulated to Japanese agricultural and forestry standard (JAS) appendix 3 (3) of a plywood. In the joint portion appearing on the side surface of the piece, the length of the non-peeled portion is 67% or more of the length of the joint portion. In this way, in addition to the above effects, the bonding portion has excellent bonding strength and can be used for a wide range of applications.

Therefore, according to the present invention, by effectively using the trunk material of oil palm that has been left without being used so far as the original woody material, no new industrial waste is produced, and Among various physical properties, it is possible to provide a compacted plywood having a high Young's modulus and excellent rigidity, which can be used for a wide range of applications that can replace hard wood.

In 1st Embodiment, it is the schematic which shows the process of making the trunk | palm material of an oil palm into a single board by a rotary race. In 1st Embodiment, it is the schematic which shows the combination at the time of laminating | stacking a some oil palm single board. In 1st Embodiment, it is the schematic which shows the structure of the laminated material which consists of a some oil palm single board. In 1st Embodiment, it is the schematic before and after consolidation (a) Laminated material and (b) Consolidation plywood. In 1st Embodiment, it is sectional drawing which shows the outline | summary of the compaction apparatus which manufactures a consolidation plywood. In 1st Embodiment, it is process drawing which shows the outline | summary of the process of manufacturing a consolidation plywood.

In the present invention, oil palm is also referred to as oil palm (oil palm) and is a general term for monocotyledonous plants classified into the genus Palmidae, native to West Africa. It is cultivated on a large scale mainly in An adult tree consists of a single trunk and reaches a height of 20m. The leaves are wing-shaped and about 3 to 5 meters long, 20 to 30 new leaves grow every year.

Also, as mentioned above, oil palm has been replanted every 25 years after the end of its economic life due to a decrease in fruit yield 25 to 30 years after planting. In the cultivation of oil palm, only the pulp and seeds are used for the purpose of collecting fats and oils, so that the trunk material is not used effectively so far and is disposed as industrial waste or left on the farm.

It is said that the components of oil palm trunks vary slightly depending on the place of production, but in general, cellulose 30.6%, hemicellulose 33.2%, lignin (total lignin 28.5% = Klarson lignin 24.7% + Acid-soluble lignin (3.8%), extracted component 3.6%, ash content 4.1% (Characterization in Chemical Composition of the Oil Palm; Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 87 (2008) 383- 388).

In addition, in the cross section of the trunk material of oil palm, there are vascular bundles having a diameter of about 0.4 to 1.2 mm and parenchymal cells for storing starch and the like around them. These cell walls are formed of resin components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In addition, about 10% free sugar (mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose, etc.) and about 25% starch are contained in the trunk material. (Non-Patent Document 1).

Hereinafter, embodiments of the consolidated plywood according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited only to each embodiment shown below.

First embodiment:
The first embodiment relates to a consolidated plywood made only of an oil palm veneer, and each boundary surface of the veneer has only a joining component (described later) contained in the oil palm material inside, and externally. Are joined without the presence of other joining components (adhesive) added. Moreover, the other joining component (adhesive) added from the outside is not added to the surface exposed to the surface of the single plate of the outermost layer among the single plates constituting the laminated material of the consolidated plywood. Here, the manufacturing process will be described with reference to the drawings. In the manufacturing process of the consolidated plywood, first, a veneer is formed from the trunk material of oil palm. In the present invention, the method for forming a single plate is not particularly limited, and a lumbering method using a ground plate or a peeling plate method using a continuous rotary lace can be used. In the first embodiment, a method using a rotary race that is excellent in productivity and that can continuously form a uniform single plate is adopted.

Therefore, in the first embodiment, a method for forming a single plate by a rotary race will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a process of making a single-layered oil palm trunk using a rotary race. First, an oil palm trunk material WD having a predetermined length is cut from the felled oil palm trunk. This oil palm trunk WD is set on a rotary race (device) (the device details are omitted in FIG. 1).

Next, the oil palm trunk material WD is rotated with the center of the trunk as a rotation axis, and the blade CT is used to peel the circumferential direction in the same manner as the radish wig peeling. In this way, the oil palm continuous release plate UWD having a predetermined thickness is obtained from the periphery (side material) of the oil palm trunk material WD toward the center (core material). The oil palm trunk material WD has no annual rings in its cross section, and a uniform oil palm continuous peeling plate UWD can be obtained. Moreover, since there are no annual rings, a grid appears on the surface of the oil palm continuous peeling plate UWD.

In this oil palm trunk WD, the density gradually decreases from the periphery (side material) toward the center (core material). In other words, the density of the sap is about 0.6 (g / cm ³ ), whereas the density of the core is about 0.2 (g / cm ³ ). As a result, the density of the oil palm continuous release plate UWD gradually decreases.

This oil palm continuous release plate UWD is cut into a predetermined length to obtain an oil palm single plate W. Usually, the cutting of the oil palm veneer W is continuously performed. As described above, the density of the oil palm single plate W gradually changes. However, in the single oil palm veneer W, a substantially uniform density is obtained by the limited length and the wig peeling process.

In the first embodiment, the oil palm veneer W having an arbitrary density can be selectively procured by using this fact. That is, in consideration of the thickness (thickness after consolidation) and density (density after consolidation) of the desired consolidated plywood, the required thickness (thickness before consolidation) and density (density before consolidation) The required number of oil palm veneers W can be procured. In addition, the obtained oil palm veneer W is dried after cutting. Drying can be performed by a normal apparatus and process for drying a single veneer of wood.

The oil palm veneer W formed in this way is laminated by laminating a plurality of sheets (an odd number in a normal plywood, but not limited to an odd number in the present invention), and a laminated material NW (see FIG. 3). ). In the combination at the time of laminating | stacking these oil palm veneers W, the fiber direction (the direction of grain) of each veneer can be combined in arbitrary directions.

For example, you may make it laminate | stack alternately so that the fiber direction of each oil palm veneer W may mutually cross (substantially orthogonal). Moreover, you may make it laminate | stack so that the fiber direction of each oil palm veneer W may become mutually parallel. Moreover, you may make it laminate | stack so that the fiber direction of each oil palm single board W may cross | intersect the arbitrary angles which are not orthogonal directions. Further, among the plurality of oil palm single plates W, only those near the surface layer may be stacked so as to cross each other, or only those near the inner layer may be stacked. .

In addition, in this 1st Embodiment, it laminates | stacks alternately so that the fiber direction of each oil palm veneer W may cross | intersect (substantially orthogonal). Thereby, each oil palm veneer W complements strength mutually and the physical property of the completed compacting plywood improves greatly.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a combination when a plurality of (5 in the first embodiment) oil palm single plates W are stacked. In FIG. 2A, first, three oil palm single plates W1, W3, W5 facing the same direction with the fiber direction as the long side are prepared. Next, in FIG. 2 (b), the previous three oil palm single plates W1, W3, W5 are two oil palm single plates W2, whose short sides are in the fiber direction so that the fiber directions are orthogonal to each other, Prepare W4.

Then, between the three oil palm single plates W1, W3 and W5 having the long side in the fiber direction, two oil palm single plates W2 and W4 having the short side in the fiber direction are inserted. These five oil palm single plates W1, W2, W3, W4, and W5 are laminated so as to cross the fiber direction to constitute a laminated material NW (see FIG. 3) having five layers.

Next, the laminated material NW thus configured is consolidated (described later) to obtain a consolidated plywood. FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a state of the laminated material NW before and after consolidation. FIG. 4A shows the state of the laminated material NW before consolidation. On the other hand, FIG. 4B shows the consolidated plywood PW after the laminated material NW is consolidated under a predetermined condition (described later).

In FIG. 4, there is no significant change in the length and width dimensions of the laminated material NW before consolidation and the consolidated plywood PW after consolidation. On the other hand, the change in the thickness direction, that is, the stacking direction is large, and it can be seen that the compressed plywood PW is compressed by consolidation.

Here, consolidation (consolidation fixation) will be described. The present inventors have so far examined the consolidation and fixing of wood and the plastic processing of wood. From this background, the present applicant has a plurality of patents such as a method for fixing and consolidation of wood (Japanese Patent No. 4787432) and plastically processed wood (Japanese Patent No. 5138080). Therefore, the present inventors have developed a technique for laminating and joining oil palm single plates that does not require an adhesive as a new technique that has not been achieved by further evolving by utilizing these technical knowledge and devices.

In the first embodiment, the laminated material NW obtained by laminating a plurality of oil palm single plates W is heated, and the heated laminated material NW is laminated in the laminating direction, that is, at the boundary surface of each single plate. It compresses by applying a predetermined compression force from the perpendicular direction. Further, with this compressive force maintained, the temperature is further increased and maintained at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time, and then the temperature is decreased to cool and the consolidation and fixation are completed.

Note that, as a consolidation and fixing condition in the first embodiment, first, the predetermined temperature is in a temperature range of 150 to 210 ° C., and preferably in a temperature range of 170 to 200 ° C. The time for maintaining this temperature range is appropriately selected depending on the object to be consolidated and fixed, and is, for example, in the range of 10 minutes to 120 minutes, preferably in the range of 20 minutes to 60 minutes. is there.

On the other hand, the compressive force applied from the direction perpendicular to the boundary surface of each single plate is appropriately selected depending on the object to be consolidated and fixed, and is preferably in the range of, for example, 5 to 70 kg / cm ² . The consolidation device and consolidation process used in the first embodiment will be described later.

Here, in this 1st Embodiment, the boundary surface of each oil palm veneer W requires an adhesive agent (other joining components added from the outside of an oil palm veneer) by this consolidation (consolidation fixation). It is strongly joined (self-adhesion) without. The reason why the oil palm veneer W is self-adhesive is not clear, but cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, free sugar (mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose, etc.) and starch contained in the trunk of oil palm It is considered that each component is firmly bonded by the combined action and contributes to improvement of physical properties of the consolidated plywood PW itself.

Among the above components, cellulose constitutes the skeleton of the cell wall, and lignin acts as an adhesive component with hemicellulose interposed therebetween. In addition, it is considered that free sugar and starch that are particularly abundantly contained in oil palm act in a complex manner together with lignin to exhibit unique effects. These components are considered as joining components contained in the oil palm material described above.

Here, the consolidation apparatus MC for producing the consolidated plywood PW used in the first embodiment will be described. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an outline of the consolidation device MC used in the first embodiment. In FIG. 5, the compacting device MC is composed of a press board 10 (upper press board 10A and lower press board 10B) that is divided into two in the vertical direction.

The upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are divided into upper and lower parts to form an internal space IS and a positioning hole 18. The positioning hole 18 determines and regulates the position of the laminated material NW before pressurization, and is formed in the lower press board 10B so that the peripheral edge part 10b faces the peripheral edge part 10a of the upper press board 10A. Yes. A seal member 11 for sealing the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 in the range of vertical movement of the press board 10 is formed on the peripheral edge portion 10a of the upper press board 10A.

Further, the upper press panel 10A is provided with a pipe 12 having a pipe port 12a that communicates with the internal space IS from the upper surface side and supplies steam into the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18. The pipe 12 is provided with a valve V4 on the downstream side thereof. On the other hand, the lower press panel 10 </ b> B is provided with a pipe 13 having a pipe port 13 a that communicates from the side surface into the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 and discharges water vapor from the internal space IS. The pipe 13 is provided with a pressure gauge P2 for detecting the internal vapor pressure, a downstream valve V5, and a drain pipe 14 connected to the valve V5.

The upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are formed with piping paths 15 and 16 for raising the temperature to a predetermined temperature by passing high-temperature steam through them. The pipes ST2 and ST3 branched from the steam supply side pipe ST1 and the steam discharge side pipes ET1 and ET2 are respectively connected to. In the middle of these steam supply side pipes ST1, ST2, ST3, valves V1, V2, V3, and a pressure gauge P1 for detecting the vapor pressure in the pipe ST1 are arranged, and the steam discharge side pipes ET1, ET2 Is connected to the drain pipe 14 via a valve V6.

5 includes a boiler device for supplying water vapor to the pipe ST1, and a hydraulic mechanism for raising / lowering and pressurizing the upper press platen 10A with respect to the lower press platen 10B on the fixed side of the press platen 10. The press lifting device is omitted.

Further, the pipes 15 and 16 formed in the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are branched from the cooling water supply side pipe ST11 which cools to a desired temperature by passing low temperature cooling water instead of water vapor. The pipes ST12 and ST13 are connected to the pipes ST2 and ST3, respectively. Further, valves V11, V12, and V13 are disposed in the middle of the pipes ST11, ST12, and ST13 on the cooling water supply side. In FIG. 5, a cooling water supply device that supplies cooling water to the pipe ST11 is omitted.

Next, a manufacturing process for manufacturing the consolidated plywood PW from the laminated material NW using the compacting device MC configured as described above will be described along each process of FIG. First, in FIG. 6A, the upper press disk 10A is raised with respect to the lower press disk 10B on the fixed side in the compacting device MC, and the laminated material NW dried in advance under a predetermined condition is transferred to the upper press disk 10A and It is placed in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the lower press panel 10B.

Here, in the first embodiment, the laminated material NW that is the material of the consolidated plywood PW is formed in a predetermined dimension (thickness, width, length), and the five oil palm single plates W1. , W2, W3, W4, W5 are placed on the positioning hole 18 of the lower press panel 10B with the laminated surface (parallel to the boundary surface of each single plate) facing the respective press surfaces of the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B. To do.

Next, in FIG. 6B, the upper press board 10A is lowered with respect to the laminated material NW placed on the positioning hole 18 of the fixed-side lower press board 10B, and the upper surface of the laminated material NW, that is, the laminated surface. It is made to contact | abut perpendicularly | vertically (parallel to the interface of each single plate). In this state, water vapor of a predetermined temperature (for example, 110 ° C. to 180 ° C.) is passed through the piping path 15 of the upper press panel 10A and the piping path 16 of the lower press panel 10B to pass through the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 to a predetermined temperature (for example, 110 ° C. to 180 ° C.). In this state, the space constituted by the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is not yet sealed.

Next, a predetermined pressure a compressive force of the upper press platen 10A to the lower press platen 10B of the fixed side (e.g., 5 ~ 70kg / cm ²⁾ is set to, top laminate NW press platen 10A and the lower press platen 10B To heat and compress for a predetermined time (for example, 5 to 40 minutes). In order to prevent cracking, it is desirable that the compressive force at this time is gradually raised in accordance with the temperature rise of the laminated material NW, that is, the state of heat conduction (internal temperature rise) of the laminated material NW. The time for heat compression is preferably set in consideration of the time required for heat conduction. In this state, the space constituted by the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is not yet sealed.

Next, in FIG. 6C, when the peripheral edge portion 10a of the upper press board 10A comes into contact with the peripheral edge part 10b of the lower press board 10B, the seal member 11 disposed on the peripheral edge part 10a of the upper press board 10A The internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are sealed. In this state, the sealed state of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is maintained, and the compression force by the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B is maintained, and a predetermined temperature (for example, 150 to 210 ° C.) is maintained. Raise the temperature.

In the first embodiment, the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 when the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are in a sealed state via the seal member 11. The dimension interval in the vertical direction is set to the finished dimension (compression ratio) in the thickness direction so that the air-dry density value after consolidation becomes a preset value. For this reason, the compression ratio of the entire thickness of the laminated material NW, that is, the change in the plate thickness due to the compression of the laminated material NW is caused by the peripheral edge portion 10a of the upper press board 10A contacting the peripheral edge part 10b of the lower press board 10B. It will be decided.

In this state, the compression force of the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B is maintained in the sealed state of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 shown in FIG. 6C, and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are predetermined. While maintaining the temperature (for example, 150 to 210 ° C.), the compacted plywood PW that is held for a predetermined time (for example, 30 to 120 minutes) and does not return (expand) when the subsequent cooling and compression is released. Heat treatment for forming is performed. At this time, high-temperature and high-pressure vapor pressure can freely enter and exit the peripheral surface of the laminated material NW and the inside thereof through the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 which are sealed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B. It has become.

As described above, in the first embodiment, the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are in surface contact with the front and back surfaces of the laminated material NW and are held in the sealed internal space IS and the positioning holes 18. The entire thickness of the laminated material NW is sufficiently heated and efficiently compressed and deformed.

Next, in FIG. 6D, when the heat compression process is performed with the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 sealed, the steam in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is measured by the pressure gauge P2 as a vapor pressure control process. The pressure is detected, and the valve V5 is appropriately opened and closed. Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam is discharged from the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 to the drain pipe 14 side through the pipe port 13a and the pipe 13, in particular, an extra amount based on the moisture content of the outer layer portion of the laminated material NW. The internal space IS and the water in the positioning hole 18 are removed, and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are adjusted to have a predetermined vapor pressure.

Further, if necessary, a predetermined vapor pressure can be supplied to the internal space IS through the pipe 12 and the pipe port 12a (FIG. 5) connected to the valve V4. As a result, the fixing of the heat compression treatment of the wood, that is, the so-called immobilization of the wood is further promoted.

Further, immediately before the transition from the heating compression to the cooling compression by the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B, the valve V5 is opened as a vapor pressure control process, so that the internal space passes through the piping port 13a and the piping 13. High-temperature and high-pressure steam is discharged from the IS and positioning hole 18 to the drain pipe 14 side.

Next, in FIG. 6E, normal temperature cooling water is passed through the piping path 15 of the upper press panel 10A and the piping path 16 of the lower press panel 10B, so that the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B are at room temperature. It is cooled to the front and back and held for a predetermined time (for example, 10 minutes to 120 minutes) that varies depending on the material. At this time, the compression force of the upper press disk 10A with respect to the lower press disk 10B on the fixed side is maintained at the same predetermined pressure (for example, 5 to 70 kg / cm ² ) as the pressure at the time of heat compression. The board 10A and the lower press board 10B are cooled.

Finally, in FIG. 6F, the upper press board 10A is raised with respect to the lower press board 10B on the fixed side, and the finished laminated plywood PW is taken out from the internal space IS and the positioning holes 18 to form a series. This processing step ends.

Next, the present inventors confirmed the physical properties, particularly the rigidity, of the consolidated plywood PW manufactured in this way. Specifically, the bending Young's modulus of the consolidated plywood PW was measured and confirmed to be excellent in bending rigidity. Furthermore, the present inventors confirmed the bonding strength of the consolidated plywood PW. For the evaluation of the joint strength in the first embodiment, a method based on “Class 2 immersion peel test” defined in (3) of the Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS) Appendix 3 of plywood was adopted (details of the test method are Will be described later).

As a result, it was confirmed that the rigidity of the consolidated plywood PW after consolidation is greatly improved by controlling the air dry density within a predetermined range. Specifically, the value of the air dry density after consolidation is in the range of 0.6 to 1.4 (g / cm ³ ), preferably in the range of 0.7 to 1.1 (g / cm ³ ). By controlling this, the value of the bending Young's modulus was in the range of 3.5 to 18.0 (GPa), indicating excellent bending rigidity.

On the other hand, the Type 2 immersion peel test is to visually confirm the presence or absence of peeling of the joint portion due to immersion. Also in this test method, the value of the air dry density after consolidation is in the range of 0.6 to 1.4 (g / cm ³ ), preferably in the range of 0.7 to 1.1 (g / cm ³ ). It is confirmed that the length of the non-separated portion of the joint portion appearing on the side surface of the test piece is 67% or more of the length of the joint portion (details will be described later). did. When the length of the non-peeled portion is 67% or more of the length of the joint portion, it is considered that the use is widened as a compacted plywood having a strong joint strength. This test method is intended for plywood using a general adhesive, but in the present invention, the boundary of each single plate of the consolidated plywood PW joined without the presence of other joining components added from the outside. It is also effective as a method for evaluating the bonding strength of surfaces.

Hereinafter, the consolidated plywood according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to Example 1. In Example 1, the value of the air dry density after consolidation of the consolidated plywood PW is changed to three levels within the range of 0.7 to 1.1 (g / cm ³ ), and the air drying of the consolidated plywood PW is performed. The density value, the bending Young's modulus, and the performance of the type 2 immersion peel test were confirmed.

A. Preparation of Oil Palm Veneer W A plurality of oil palm veneers W were prepared from the same oil palm trunk WD using a rotary race and peeled off and dried. These oil palm veneers W are about 3 to 4 mm thick, about 300 mm long and about 200 mm wide. Both the fiber direction (grain direction) is the length direction and the width direction is the width direction. Prepared. In addition, the value of the air dry density of each oil palm veneer W before consolidation was about 0.35 (g / cm ³ ).

B. Preparation of Laminated Material NW In Example 1, a plurality of laminated materials NW (Nos. 1 to 3) were prepared by combining five oil palm single plates W. As described above, these laminated materials NW were laminated so that the fiber directions crossed each other (substantially orthogonal), and consisted of five layers. In forming the laminated material NW, other components such as an adhesive were not applied to the boundary surface and the outermost layer surface of each single plate.

C. Consolidation Each laminated material NW thus prepared was consolidated using the above-described consolidation apparatus MC. In Example 1, a plurality of consolidated plywoods PW having different air dry density values were obtained from the same material. The consolidation temperature (set temperature) at this time was 180 ° C.

In the present Example 1, water vapor of the same temperature was used together after raising the temperature to the set temperature, and the treatment time (maintenance time) was unified as 30 minutes. Further, the press pressure after raising the temperature to the set temperature was unified as 50 kg / cm ² . After the consolidation process for 30 minutes, the temperature was cooled to room temperature, and then the press pressure was released to complete the consolidation. In addition, the value of the air dry density after consolidation was controlled by the compression thickness calculated in advance. In this way, a series of consolidated plywood PW (No. 1 to 3) was obtained. Table 1 shows values of thickness and air-dry density of each consolidated plywood PW (No. 1 to 3).

D. Physical property evaluation Next, various physical properties of each consolidated plywood PW manufactured in Example 1 were measured, and how these physical properties were affected with respect to the air dry density value of the consolidated plywood PW was evaluated. . As evaluation items, there were two items of “bending Young's modulus etc.” of the consolidated plywood PW and “peeling of the bonded portion by immersion”. Hereinafter, each evaluation item and evaluation result will be described.

a. Bending Young's modulus etc .:
Bending strength was measured for each of the above-mentioned consolidated plywoods PW (No. 1 to 3), and strength properties such as bending Young's modulus were measured. Specifically, a test piece having a length direction of 300 mm × width direction of 40 mm was prepared from each consolidated plywood PW, and a three-point bending test was performed using this test piece. An autograph (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) was used as a measuring device, and the measurement was performed at a span length of 260 mm and a head speed of 20 mm / min. The measurement environment was a constant temperature and humidity room with a room temperature of 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 65%. The bending Young's modulus (GPa), bending strength (MPa), and strain energy (J) were calculated from each measured value. Table 1 shows values such as bending Young's modulus obtained for each consolidated plywood PW.

b. Separation of joints by immersion:
Each of the above-mentioned consolidated plywood PW (Nos. 1 to 3) was measured in accordance with “Class 2 immersion peel test” defined in Japanese Agricultural Standards (JAS) Appendix 3 (3) of plywood. Specifically, a test piece having a length direction of 75 mm × width direction of 75 mm was prepared from each consolidated plywood PW, and this test piece was immersed in warm water at 70 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, the test piece taken out from warm water was dried for 3 hours in 60 degreeC atmosphere.

In this test piece after immersion / drying, it was visually judged whether or not peeling occurred at the joint portion appearing on the side surface of the test piece. As a criterion for judgment, when the length of the non-peeled portion was 50 mm or more (67% or more of the length of the joined portion), it was regarded as acceptable (no peeling). Table 1 shows the presence (x) and non-existence (O) of peeling for each consolidated plywood PW.

 

As can be seen from Table 1, the air-dried density values ^{0.7 ~ 1.1 (g / cm 3} ) in three compaction plywood PW (No.1 ~ 3), good from the value of the bending Young's coefficient It turns out that it has rigidity. In particular, the two consolidated plywoods PW (No. 2 and ³ ) having an air dry density value of 0.9 to 1.1 (g / cm ³ ) have excellent rigidity. These values are superior to those of ordinary lauan plywood. In addition, all three consolidated plywood PW (Nos. 1 to 3) passed the Type 2 immersion peel test, indicating that the lamination strength is good.

From the above, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, new industrial waste can be produced by effectively utilizing the trunk material of oil palm that has been left without being used as the original wood material. It is possible to provide a compacted plywood that is not produced and has a high Young's modulus among various physical properties, is excellent in rigidity, and can be used in a wide range of applications that can replace hard wood.

Second embodiment:
The second embodiment relates to a consolidated plywood made only of an oil palm veneer, and each boundary surface of the veneer has a bonding component contained in the oil palm material and other bonding components added from the outside. (Adhesive) exists and is joined by the synergistic action of these joining components. Moreover, the other joining component (adhesive) added from the outside is not added to the surface exposed to the surface of the single plate of the outermost layer among the single plates constituting the laminated material of the consolidated plywood. The manufacturing process of the consolidated plywood according to the second embodiment is performed on the boundary surface (hereinafter referred to as “boundary surface”) of the two oil palm single plates that are joined to the manufacturing process of the first embodiment before consolidation. A process of applying an adhesive is added. Further, it is not necessary to use a special consolidation device used in the first embodiment in consolidation. Other processes are basically the same as those in the first embodiment.

Hereinafter, the consolidated plywood according to the second embodiment will be described along each step. Also in the second embodiment, a method using a rotary race is adopted as a method of forming a single plate from the trunk material of oil palm. The contents are omitted because they have been described above.

Next, an adhesive is applied to the boundary surface when the laminated oil NW1 is configured by combining the dried oil palm single plates W. Here, the adhesive refers to all materials that can be used for joining and adhering wood. In particular, in the present invention, it is preferable to use various resin compounds as the adhesive. Examples of these resin compounds include compounds obtained by condensation reaction of urea, melamine, phenol, furan or combinations thereof with formaldehyde, or precondensates thereof. These resin compounds are generally called urea resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, furan resin and the like. Furthermore, examples of resin compounds that have recently been used include urethane resins and epoxy resins that do not contain formaldehyde. Moreover, you may make it use a natural resin adhesive instead of using these synthetic resin adhesives. Examples of the natural resin-based adhesive include shellac, which is a resinous substance secreted by the shellworm. In the second embodiment, a synthetic resin-based phenol resin is used as the adhesive.

Further, in order to react these adhesives, a catalyst may be used in combination with the adhesive. What is necessary is just to select this catalyst suitably with the kind and reaction temperature of the adhesive agent to be used. In the case of a formaldehyde condensation type resin such as a urea resin, a melamine resin, a phenol resin, or a furan resin, an acid catalyst is generally used. In the case of the phenol resin used in the second embodiment, the heat treatment temperature can be lowered by using an acid catalyst in combination. On the other hand, in the case of a phenol resin, the heat treatment temperature may be increased without using an acid catalyst in combination. In the second embodiment, a method of heat treatment at a high temperature without using an acid catalyst in combination with the phenol resin is employed.

The phenol resin can be applied to the surface of the oil palm veneer W by any method, but the amount of the phenol resin applied to the surface of the oil palm veneer W is bonded to the conventional woody materials. Less than sometimes. Furthermore, it is necessary to apply a phenol resin only to the surface of the oil palm veneer W and not to penetrate the inside as much as possible. When a plywood is produced from a conventional tree species that has been conventionally used, a sufficient amount, for example, 500 (g / m ² ) to 600 in solid content on both surfaces of two single plates to be joined. A phenol resin in the range of (g / m ² ) or more is applied.

On the other hand, since oil palm material has a small density and a rough structure, the penetration of phenol resin into the interior of the tree is much greater than that of other tree species. Therefore, if the same amount of phenol resin is applied as before, not only does the penetration amount increase and the manufacturing cost increases, but also the amount of phenol resin at the boundary surface of each veneer decreases and the bonding strength decreases. Become. On the other hand, it is mainly the resin compound in the vicinity of the surface that is involved in the bonding of the boundary surface, and the resin compound that has penetrated inside does not have an effect on the bonding strength. Furthermore, in the case of oil palm material, since it is joined by a synergistic action of a joining component (described above) contained in the inside and an adhesive added from the outside such as a phenol resin, the amount of adhesive applied may be small. .

Therefore, in the second embodiment, a method of applying a phenol resin only to the surface of the oil palm veneer W is adopted. Application of the phenol resin to the surface of the oil palm veneer W is preferably performed by a method such as brushing, roller, spraying, or printing. Further, the viscosity of the phenol resin to be applied may be increased so that it does not easily penetrate from the surface of the oil palm veneer W.

As described above, in the second embodiment, in the laminated material NW1 after joining, the phenol resin is present only in the vicinity of the boundary surface with respect to the thickness direction of the oil palm single plate W and does not penetrate into the central portion. Even in the state or in the case of penetration, the amount is considerably smaller than the vicinity of the boundary surface. As a result, a strong bonding strength can be obtained with a small amount of phenolic resin, and a compacted plywood can be configured with very little formaldehyde emission from the adhesive. Moreover, the manufacturing cost of the consolidation plywood by consolidation can be reduced.

Here, the application amount of the adhesive (phenol resin in the second embodiment) capable of obtaining practical bonding strength is 50 to 500 in terms of solid content of the adhesive with respect to one boundary surface. is preferably in the range of (g / ^{m 2),} it is more preferably in the range of ^{60 ~ 300 (g / m 2} ). The adhesive may be applied to only one surface of the oil palm veneer W to be bonded to each other, or may be applied to both surfaces. In any case, the total amount of the adhesive with respect to one boundary surface is preferably in the range of 50 to 500 (g / m ² ) in solid content.

Next, a plurality of oil palm single plates W coated with phenol resin on the boundary surface are laminated to form a laminated material NW1 (see NW in FIG. 4) in the same manner as in the first embodiment. The combination when laminating the oil palm single plates W is also the same as in the first embodiment (see FIG. 3).

Next, each boundary surface of the laminated material NW1 is joined (consolidated). Here, consolidation of the laminated material NW1 will be described. In the second embodiment, the consolidation of the laminated material NW1 requires the same special consolidation apparatus as in the first embodiment. However, in this 2nd Embodiment, since an adhesive agent is used, the hot press machine etc. which are used in the case of manufacture of a normal plywood can be utilized.

In the second embodiment, a laminated material NW1 obtained by laminating a plurality of oil palm single plates W coated with a phenol resin on the boundary surface is heat-treated at a predetermined temperature, and the heated laminated material NW1 is subjected to heat treatment. A pressing process is performed by applying a predetermined pressing force in the stacking direction, that is, the direction perpendicular to the boundary surface to be joined. By maintaining the heat treatment temperature and the pressure treatment pressure for a predetermined time, the boundary surfaces of the individual oil palm single plates W of the laminated material NW1 are joined to form a consolidated plywood PW1 (see PW in FIG. 4).

As described above, instead of pressing the heated laminated material NW1, first, a pressure treatment (cold pressure treatment) before heating is performed, and then the cold-pressed laminated material is performed. NW1 may be heated to a predetermined temperature for heat treatment.

As a joining condition in the second embodiment, first, the predetermined temperature of the heat treatment is not particularly limited. However, when the above-described consolidation apparatus MC is used, it may be the same as in the first embodiment. Good. However, in the second embodiment, the temperature is preferably higher than the reaction temperature of the adhesive to be used. In general, the predetermined temperature for the heat treatment is, for example, in the temperature range of 80 to 180 ° C., and preferably in the temperature range of 130 to 180 ° C. In the second embodiment, as described above, since the phenol resin is used without using an acid catalyst, it is preferable to perform the heat treatment within a temperature range of 140 to 180 ° C.

On the other hand, the time for maintaining this temperature range is appropriately selected depending on the number and thickness of the single plates to be joined, and is not particularly limited. For example, it is in the range of 1 to 60 minutes, preferably Is in the range of 5 to 30 minutes.

Further, the predetermined pressure applied from the direction perpendicular to the boundary surface to be joined is appropriately selected depending on the number and thickness of the single plates to be joined, and is not particularly limited. When used, it may be the same as in the first embodiment. In addition, you may make it control the value of the air dry density after joining by the compression thickness calculated beforehand.

Next, after the boundary surfaces of the laminated material NW1 are joined, the pressure treatment pressure is released to obtain a consolidated plywood PW1. Here, the pressure treatment pressure is released by lowering the temperature while maintaining the pressure treatment pressure with respect to the bonded plywood PW1 after bonding, and then releasing the pressure treatment pressure (cooling decompression). It may be. Alternatively, the pressure treatment pressure may be released (high temperature release) in a state where the heat treatment temperature is maintained for the bonded plywood PW1 after joining, and then cooled. In these cases, it is preferable to decompress the pressure treatment pressure (high temperature decompression) while maintaining the heat treatment temperature because the treatment time is shortened and the manufacturing cost of the consolidated plywood PW1 is reduced compared to the cooling decompression pressure.

Here, in the second embodiment, the boundary surface of each oil palm veneer W is firmly joined by the reaction of the phenol resin. The reason why oil palm veneer W is joined with a small amount of phenolic resin as described above is not clear, but resin components and sugars contained in the trunk of oil palm, that is, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, free sugar ( Mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose, etc.) and starch components react strongly with the phenolic resin methylol group (formaldehyde group) and contribute to improving the physical properties of the consolidated plywood PW1 itself. It is thought that there is.

Hereinafter, the consolidation plywood according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to Example 2. In Example 2, the value of the air dry density after consolidation of the consolidated plywood PW is changed to three levels within the range of 0.7 to 1.1 (g / cm ³ ), and the air drying of the consolidated plywood PW is performed. The density value, the bending Young's modulus, and the performance of the Type 1 immersion peel test (the test method stricter than the first embodiment) were confirmed.

A. Preparation of Oil Palm Single Plate W In the same manner as in Example 1, a plurality of oil palm single plates W that were peeled off from the same oil palm trunk material WD using a rotary race and dried were prepared. The dimensions of these oil palm veneers W are about 5 mm thick, about 300 mm long, and about 200 mm wide. Both the fiber direction (grain direction) is the length direction and the width direction is prepared. did. Note that the value of air-dried densities of oil palm veneer W before compaction, were from about 0.35 (g / cm ^3).

B. Application of phenolic resin to the surface of oil palm veneer W In Example 2, phenolic resin HP3000A (manufactured by Asahi Organic Materials Co., Ltd.) was used as a bonding component (adhesive). The solid content (resin component) of this phenol resin HP3000A was about 70 (wt%), and its viscosity was 115 (mPa · s / 25 ° C.).

In Example 2, this phenol resin HP3000A was not used in combination with a catalyst, and was applied to only one surface of the oil palm veneer W by brush coating while maintaining the initial viscosity without dilution. The coating amount of the phenol resin HP3000A was 160 (g / m ² ), and 112 (g / m ² ) when converted to a solid content (resin component). In addition, each oil palm veneer W after application | coating was fully cured.

C. Preparation of Laminate Material NW1 In Example 2, a plurality of laminate materials NW1 were prepared by combining five oil palm single plates W after applying the phenol resin HP3000A. These laminated materials NW1 were made up of five layers (thickness: about 25 mm) which were laminated so that the fiber directions crossed each other (substantially orthogonal).

D. Consolidation Each of the laminated materials NW1 prepared as described above was consolidated using the above-described consolidation apparatus MC in the same manner as in Example 1. In Example 2, a plurality of consolidated plywoods PW having different air dry density values were obtained from the same material. The consolidation temperature (set temperature) at this time was set to 180 ° C. as in Example 1. Here, the reason why the heat treatment temperature is set to 180 ° C. is that a high temperature treatment is required because the catalyst is not used in combination with the phenol resin HP3000A.

In the present Example 2, similarly to the above Example 1, the steam at the same temperature was used together after raising the temperature to the set temperature, and the treatment time (maintenance time) was unified as 30 minutes. Further, the press pressure after raising the temperature to the set temperature was unified as 50 kg / cm ² . After the consolidation process for 30 minutes, the temperature was cooled to room temperature, and then the press pressure was released to complete the consolidation. In addition, the value of the air dry density after consolidation was controlled by the compression thickness calculated in advance. In this way, a series of consolidated plywood PW (Nos. 4 to 6) consolidated was obtained. Table 1 shows values of thickness and air dry density of each consolidated plywood PW (No. 4 to 6). In each boundary surface of the obtained consolidated plywood PW1, a large amount of phenol resin is present only in the vicinity of the boundary surface in the thickness direction of the oil palm veneer W, and almost penetrates into the central portion. Confirmed that there is no.

E. Next, various physical properties of each consolidated plywood PW1 manufactured in Example 2 were measured, and how these physical properties were affected with respect to the air dry density value of the consolidated plywood PW1 was evaluated. . As evaluation items, there were two items of “bending Young's modulus etc.” of the consolidated plywood PW1 and “peeling of the bonded portion by immersion”. Hereinafter, each evaluation item and evaluation result will be described.

a. Bending Young's modulus etc .:
Bending strength was measured for each of the above-mentioned consolidated plywood PW1 (No. 4 to 6), and strength properties such as bending Young's modulus were measured. Specifically, bending Young's modulus (GPa), bending strength (MPa), and strain energy (J) were calculated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 2 shows values such as bending Young's modulus obtained for each consolidated plywood PW1.

b. Separation of joints by immersion:
Each of the above-mentioned consolidated plywood PW1 (Nos. 4 to 6) was evaluated by the “Class 1 immersion peeling test” defined in Japanese Agricultural and Forestry Standard (JAS) Appendix 3 (3). First, a test piece having a length direction of 75 mm × a width direction of 75 mm was prepared from each consolidated plywood PW1, and the test piece was immersed in boiling water for 4 hours and then dried in an atmosphere of 60 ° C. ± 3 ° C. for 20 hours. Further, the test piece was again immersed in boiling water for 4 hours, and then dried in an atmosphere of 60 ° C. ± 3 ° C. for 3 hours. As a result, any of the consolidated plywood PW1 conforms to this standard (no peeling), and Table 2 shows whether peeling is present (X) or not (O).

 

As can be seen from Table 2, the value of the air-dried densities for the three compaction plywood PW (No.4 ~ 6) in ^{0.7 ~ 1.1 (g / cm 3} ), were excellent from the value of the bending Young's coefficient It turns out that it has rigidity. These values are superior to those of ordinary lauan plywood. In addition, all three consolidated plywood PW (Nos. 4 to 6) passed the strict class 1 immersion peel test, indicating that the lamination strength is good.

From the above, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, new industrial waste can be produced by effectively utilizing the trunk material of oil palm that has been left without being used as the original wood material. It is possible to provide a compacted plywood that is not produced and has a high Young's modulus among various physical properties, is excellent in rigidity, and can be used in a wide range of applications that can replace hard wood.

Third embodiment:
This third embodiment relates to a consolidated plywood composed of an oil palm veneer and a single tree of another tree type. Among the single veneers constituting the laminated material of the consolidated plywood, Instead of an oil palm veneer, a veneer formed from a trunk material of another tree species (using acacia mangium in the third embodiment) by rotary lace was used. Other manufacturing steps, conditions such as adhesive type and coating amount, air-drying density, and physical property evaluation were performed in the same manner as in the second embodiment. In the consolidated plywood according to the third embodiment, the wood grain and luster of acacia mangium are expressed on both the front and back surfaces, and the consolidated plywood has excellent aesthetics. In addition, on each boundary surface of the single plate constituting the consolidated plywood, there are joint components (described above) contained in the oil palm material and other joint components (adhesive) added from the outside. It is joined by the synergistic action. Here, although specific examples and details of the evaluation results are omitted, good rigidity and other physical property results were obtained as in the second embodiment.

Fourth embodiment:
The fourth embodiment relates to a consolidated plywood composed only of an oil palm single plate, and on the surfaces (both front and back surfaces) exposed on the surface of the outermost single plate among the single plates constituting the laminated material of the consolidated plywood. Also, an adhesive (phenol resin in the fourth embodiment) is applied. Other manufacturing steps, conditions such as adhesive type and coating amount, air-drying density, and physical property evaluation were performed in the same manner as in the second embodiment. Therefore, in the consolidated plywood according to the fourth embodiment, the phenolic resin is applied over the entire boundary surface of each single plate constituting the laminated material and the surface of the laminated material (surface not constituting the boundary surface). Consolidation is being done at. Moreover, the surface effect by the phenol resin apply | coated to the surface of a laminated material appears. Moreover, the joining component which oil palm material contains inside does not adhere to the board surface of the press board of the above-mentioned consolidation apparatus MC in a manufacturing process, and it is excellent in manufacture ease. Here, specific examples and details of the evaluation results are omitted, but good results were obtained as in the second embodiment.

In carrying out the present invention, the following various modifications are not limited to the above embodiments.
(1) In each of the above embodiments, a rotary race is used when forming an oil palm veneer from an oil palm trunk material. However, the invention is not limited to this, and, for example, lumber may be lumbered. .
(2) In each of the above embodiments, five oil palm single plates are laminated. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and two to four or six or more oil palm single plates are laminated. Then, it may be consolidated.
(3) In each of the above embodiments, the laminated material is configured by laminating the fiber palm single plates so that the fiber directions cross each other (substantially orthogonal), but the present invention is not limited to this, and the oil palm single plate fibers You may make it laminate | stack so that a direction may mutually be parallel. Moreover, you may make it laminate | stack by making the fiber direction of an oil palm single board cross | intersect the arbitrary angles which are not orthogonal directions.
(4) In each of the above embodiments, a laminated material is configured by laminating so that the fiber directions of the oil palm veneer cross each other (substantially orthogonal). However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the laminated material is composed of multiple layers. Only the vicinity of the surface layer may be laminated. For example, in the case of constituting a laminated material composed of 7 layers, the fiber directions of only 2 layers may be crossed from both the front and back surfaces, and the internal 3 layers may be laminated in parallel.
(5) In the first embodiment, when the laminated material is processed at a predetermined temperature, high-temperature steam is used together. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a liquid is formed in the processing space (internal space IS). This water may be supplied and consolidated by water vapor generated from the water, or may be consolidated by moisture contained in the oil palm veneer in the heat and pressure treatment.
(6) In the said 2nd Embodiment, although a phenol resin is used as an adhesive agent of each veneer, it is not restricted to this, Oil palm veneers or between oil palm veneers and other tree veneers A material that can be bonded to each other may be used. Examples of the adhesive other than the phenol resin include synthetic resins such as urea resin, melamine resin, furan resin, urethane resin, and epoxy resin, and natural resins such as shellac.
(7) In the second embodiment, the adhesive is applied to all the boundary surfaces of each single plate. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the adhesive may be applied only to a part of the boundary surfaces. Good.
(8) In the second embodiment, a special consolidation apparatus is used for consolidation. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a normal hot press machine may be used in the second embodiment. .
(9) In the third embodiment, the two acacia mangium veneers are laminated on both the front and back surfaces of the laminated material, but the present invention is not limited to this, and veneers of other tree species are used. It may be used to produce a consolidated plywood.
(10) In the third embodiment, the adhesive (in this case, phenol resin) is applied to all of the boundary surface of each single plate constituting the laminated material and the surface of the laminated material (surface not constituting the boundary surface). However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the adhesive is applied only to the surface of the laminated material (the surface that does not constitute the boundary surface), and the adhesive is not applied to the boundary surface of each single plate. It may be.

WD ... oil palm trunk, CT ... cutlery, UWD ... oil palm continuous release plate,
W, W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 ... Oil palm veneer,
NW ... Laminated material, PW ... Consolidation plywood,
MC ... Consolidator, 10 ... Press board, 10A ... Upper press board, 10B ... Lower press board,
IS: internal space, 18: positioning hole.

Claims (11)

1. It is a consolidated plywood obtained by compacting a laminated material composed of a plurality of single plates formed from oil palm material,
   The value of the air dry density after consolidation is in the range of 0.6 to 1.4 (g / cm ³ ), and the value of the bending Young's modulus is 3.5 to 18.0 (GPa). A consolidated plywood characterized by being in the range.
2. The consolidated plywood according to claim 1, wherein another single plate formed from a tree species other than oil palm material is laminated and consolidated in at least one of the outermost layers of the laminated material.
3. Each boundary surface of each single plate or other single plate constituting the laminated material has only a bonding component contained inside the oil palm material, and there is no other bonding component added from the outside. The consolidated plywood according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the laminated plywood is joined.
4. At least one of the boundary surfaces of each single plate or other single plate constituting the laminated material, a bonding component contained inside the oil palm material, and another bonding component added from the outside 3. The consolidated plywood according to claim 1, wherein the bonded plywood is bonded by a synergistic action of these bonding components.
5. In the boundary surface where the joining component contained inside the oil palm material and other joining components added from the outside exist,
   5. The consolidated plywood according to claim 4, wherein the amount of the other bonding component existing in the central portion with respect to the thickness direction of the single plate is smaller or absent than the amount of the other bonding component existing in the vicinity of the boundary surface.
6. The additional amount of the other joining component to the boundary surface of the laminated material is within the range of 50 to 500 (g / m ² ), preferably 60 to 300 (g / m ² ), with the total amount for one boundary surface being a solid content. consolidation plywood according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that in the range of m ^2).
7. The other bonding component is not added to a surface exposed to the surface of the outermost single plate among the single plates or other single plates constituting the laminated material. The consolidated plywood according to any one of the above.
8. The other joining component is added to a surface exposed on the surface of the outermost single plate among the single plates or other single plates constituting the laminated material. The consolidated plywood according to any one of the above.
9. 9. Each of the single plates is formed by peeling an oil palm trunk material in a circumferential direction while peeling it off from the outer periphery to a predetermined thickness while rotating the oil palm trunk material in the circumferential direction. The consolidated plywood described in 1.
10. 10. The consolidated plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the consolidated plywood conforms to a standard of “Class 1 immersion peeling test” defined in Japanese Agricultural and Forestry Standard (JAS) Appendix 3 (3).
11. By measuring in accordance with “Class 2 immersion peeling test” prescribed in Japanese agricultural and forestry standard (JAS) Appendix 3 (3) for plywood,
    10. The bonding portion appearing on the side surface of the test piece has a length of a non-peeling portion of 67% or more of the length of the bonding portion. Consolidation plywood as described.

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