JP6083701B2 - Consolidation material and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a compacted material such as an oil palm compacted material obtained from oil palm (oil palm), which is a kind of palm, and a method for producing the same. This compacting material and its manufacturing method are used for building floor materials and wall materials, building materials such as partition materials, furniture materials, ships including boats, other indoor and outdoor decks and playground equipment, exterior and interior of vehicle body bodies. It can be used for.
In general, “board” is described as “thin timber thin and flat” or “thin metal or stone thin and flat” according to Kojien, but here, oil palm is made of wood. Although it does not have properties, it has properties close to bamboo, but in oil palm, “thin and flat” is called “plate”. Moreover, since there is no term which calls the material of an oil palm in detail, it shall treat like the wood. In addition, since the boundary line between the “plate” and the “pillar” is not clear, they are used without distinction.

  In general, an oil palm tree consists of a single trunk and reaches a height of 10 to 20 m or more. The leaves are wing-shaped and about 3-5 m long, about 30 young trees a year, and about 20 new trees grow over 10 years old. The flower is composed of 3 petals and 3 cocoons, each of which forms a small but dense group, and it takes about 6 months from fruiting until the fruit ripens. The fruit consists of a fleshy flesh (medium peel) with a lot of oil and one seed that is also rich in oil, and the weight of the fruit is about 40-50 kg per bunch.

  It has been cultivated in plantations in Southeast Asia since the latter half of the 19th century. Palm oil, a vegetable oil that can be extracted from oil palm, is more productive and cheaper than other vegetable oils such as soybeans and rapeseed. Therefore, it is used for foods such as margarine and oil for fried foods. It is also widely used in soaps and cosmetics. In recent years, palm oil has been exported from Southeast Asia such as Malaysia and Indonesia to Japan. Therefore, oil palm sometimes refers to the meaning of fats and oils that can be taken from the pulp and seeds and the trunk of the oil palm itself.

In general, oil palm is a collective term for plants classified into the genus Palmae, and is famous for two types: Elaeis guineensis, native to West Africa, and Elaeis oleifera, native to Latin America. Among the cultivars, there is a hybrid of Guinea oil palm and American oil palm. In particular, oil palm (oil palm), which is a kind of palm used as a raw material for vegetable oils and fats, may be referred to as “oil palm”.
In other words, oil palm can take fats and oils from pulp and seeds, and the amount of oils and fats obtained per unit area is outstanding compared to other plants, so it is a large-scale commercial crop mainly in Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia. Since plantation farming is being carried out, it may be becoming more prominent to call the oil and fat “oil palm”.
However, in the present invention, it does not mean the oil palm of fats and oils that can be taken from the pulp and seeds, but the trunk of the oil palm itself or the whole plant is called oil palm.

  Patent applications dealing with this oil palm include those disclosed in Patent Document 1 (invention dealing with empty fruit bunch). In patent document 1, the manufacturing method of the building material using oil palm is disclosed. Specifically, after the palm fiber is washed, it is dried so that the dry oil becomes 95%, and the dried palm fiber is broken and cut in units of 1 to 1.5 cm to produce a palm fiber chip. Pulverizing the dried palm fiber with a particle size of 200 mesh, pulverizing bamboo with a particle size of 200 mesh, the palm fiber chip, the palm fiber powder, the bamboo powder, and the bioceramic powder Are prepared in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1 to produce a main raw material, a step of extracting fly ash having a particle size of 200 mesh from coal carbide, a flame inhibitor and a heat resistant resin. A step of producing a binder by mixing and melting a flame retardant resin for curing at a ratio of 1: 1, 20 to 30% by weight of the produced binder, 50 to 60% by weight of the mixed main raw material, and 20 to 20% fly ash A step of mixing 5% by weight of powder and kneading in a high liquid state, a step of passing the bend through a molding part that radiates a temperature of 150 to 200 ° C. and baking it first, and a large number of the baked moldings Rolling the sheet with a gradually reduced thickness by passing between the rolling parts arranged so that the distance between the upper roller group and the lower roller group gradually decreases toward the rear side, and a large number of the molded products. The process of freezing at 0-4 degreeC, passing the cooling part which consists of the upper roller group and lower roller group of, and the process of cut | disconnecting the said molded object by a fixed length unit with the blade raised / lowered by a cutting cylinder It consists of

  In this patent document 1, not only is it harmless to the human body by using palm fiber as the main raw material, but the palm fiber is cut with 1 to 1.5 cm and used together with palm fiber powder. It becomes a solid building material by acting as a temporary bridge with other contents, and antibacterial and deodorizing functions can be realized by bamboo and bioceramics. Further, generation of far infrared rays and anions can be expected without generating mold. And nonflammable waste material can be recycled and manufacturing cost becomes cheap. Furthermore, since no toxic gas is generated from all the compositions, it is said to be highly safe as a building material.

Further, in Patent Document 2 (invention dealing with empty fruit bunches), the plate-like body or molded body is made by attaching a resin having rubber-like elasticity to the oil palm fibers obtained by defibrating the empty fruit bunches of oil palm. A plate-like body or a molded body obtained by compression molding.
Therefore, the oil palm fiber obtained by defibrating the empty fruit bunch of oil palm has a fiber repellent property because, for example, palm oil adheres to the fiber surface compared to other palm fibers such as coconut palm fiber. The aqueous solution is excellent, and the amount of cellulose and lignin contained in the fiber is relatively large, so that the water resistance is excellent. In addition, the oil palm fiber has a high fiber strength, a large fiber diameter, and a long fiber length as compared with other palm fibers such as a coconut fiber, and therefore has excellent dimensional stability. In addition, since the oil palm fiber has large irregularities on the surface and high bending strength, and the entanglement between the fibers is large, the dimensional stability is also enhanced by this. Therefore, this plate-shaped body or molded body has excellent dimensional stability during water absorption and moisture absorption.
And since the irregularities on the surface of the oil palm fiber are large, the resin exhibiting rubber-like elasticity penetrates into the voids on the surface of the oil palm fiber and solidifies or hardens, which acts like a nail or wedge, so-called anchor effect. Therefore, the oil palm fiber is strongly bonded to the resin having rubber-like elasticity. This is also considered to contribute to the improvement of dimensional stability at the time of water absorption and moisture absorption.

The oil palm fiber is superior in elasticity recovery properties, for example, because the fiber has a large rigidity and strength, a large fiber diameter, and a long fiber length, compared to other palm fibers such as coconut fiber. Yes. Further, the oil palm fiber has high fiber bending strength and large entanglement between the fibers, so that the elastic recovery is improved. And the resin which shows rubber-like elasticity has high elastic recovery property. Therefore, a plate-like body or molded body in which oil palm fibers are connected by a resin exhibiting rubber-like elasticity exhibits excellent elastic recovery, good walking feeling and cushioning properties, and good sound insulation.
Since this plate-like body or molded body uses oil palm fiber, less labor is required for defibration, etc., compared to other types of palm fiber, so that manufacturing costs and energy can be reduced, and the product is inexpensive. Become. For example, coconut fiber is immersed in water for a long period of time to soften the coconut shell, and then requires a great deal of energy for a long period of time to be mechanically fibrillated. On the other hand, oil palm defibrates empty fruit bunches that are originally in the form of fibers, so that there is no need for immersion in water, and very little energy is required for defibration. In addition, oil palm fibers have less dusting properties than coconut fibers, and the working environment can be prevented from deteriorating in handling.
Furthermore, since a large gap is formed between the fibers of the oil palm fiber, when a resin exhibiting rubber-like elasticity is supplied by spraying or dipping, the resin adheres evenly to all the fibers through the gap, and the strength distribution is A plate state of being uniform is obtained.

And in patent document 3 (invention of an oil palm trunk), the technique of the plywood which made the adhesive penetrate | infiltrate the fiber exposed on the surface of the several single board bonded together with the adhesive agent is disclosed.
The palm plywood according to Patent Document 3 includes a plurality of single plates bonded with a resin adhesive, and at least one of the plurality of single plates is a palm single plate, and the palm single plate A resin adhesive is infiltrated into the palm fiber exposed on the surface. By using a palm veneer that can be manufactured from a palm trunk of inexpensive waste material, the surface is treated with a resin adhesive without using a veneer veneer with relatively good quality as a face and a back. Therefore, plywood is manufactured at low cost.
Moreover, the palm plywood of patent document 3 uses all the single veneers as palm veneers, uses only palm veneers that can be manufactured from palm trunks of inexpensive waste materials, and bonds them together with a resin adhesive. Also good. The resin adhesive permeated into the palm fiber at this time is the same type as the resin adhesive that bonds a plurality of single plates. Since the resin adhesive is the same system, the plywood can be manufactured at low cost. Here, the term “same system” includes the same resin adhesive and a composition whose composition (for example, composition ratio) is changed.

And the palm plywood of patent document 3 makes the palm fiber penetrate | infiltrate a resin adhesive after grind | polishing the surface which makes a palm fiber osmose | permeate a resin adhesive, reduces the palm fiber which protrudes from the plywood surface, and resin to palm fiber. The adhesive is permeated. This plywood manufacturing method includes a step of bonding a plurality of veneers with an adhesive, a step of polishing a surface of the plurality of veneers that allows the adhesive to penetrate into exposed fibers, and a polished surface. Applying adhesive to infiltrate the adhesive into the fiber and drying the adhesive, which makes it possible to use a relatively good quality wood veneer as a face and back without using it Plywood can be manufactured at cost.
Thus, according to Patent Document 3, a plywood, a palm plywood, and a plywood manufacturing method that can be manufactured at a low cost without using a single veneer of a relatively good quality tree as a face and a back are disclosed. Yes.

JP 2009-166342 A JP-A-10-8696 JP 2011-68015 A

As described above, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 both use oil palm fibers obtained by defibrating empty fruit bunches of oil palm fruits, and do not directly use oil palm trunks. Absent. However, the trunk of the oil palm is 20 m or more in mature wood, and its utilization is desired because it is a volume ratio occupying 90 to 95% of the whole.
Especially in Southeast Asia such as Malaysia, oil palm is cultivated for the production of palm oil, but the empty fruit bunch after palm oil collection contains a lot of fiber etc. Is used in various applications such as fiber boards. However, palm trunks that are harvested every year are not used effectively and are currently being disposed of.
Patent Document 3 discloses a process in which at least one outermost single plate is bonded to a palm single plate with a plurality of resin adhesives, and the surface of the palm single plate is a resin adhesive on the exposed palm fibers. Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a plywood, comprising: a step of polishing a surface that impregnates a surface; a step of applying a resin adhesive to the polished surface to infiltrate the resin adhesive into palm fibers; and a step of drying the resin adhesive. ing. However, it is unclear how to apply the resin adhesive to the oil palm veneer or to penetrate the exposed palm fiber, and a specific method for manufacturing plywood Is unknown. At least, it is premised on the use of a resin adhesive in which a single plate of oil palm is bonded with a plurality of resin adhesives.

Therefore, the technology of Patent Document 3 is generally called plywood, lauan plywood called veneer material, Chinese plywood with a surface of the lauan plywood and a Chinese plywood finished. Is the same. However, laminating a palm single plate with a plurality of resin adhesives has a sponge-like softness, and its use is limited.
In addition, it has become clear in recent years that not only those in which the vascular bundle is formed in parallel with the oil palm trunk but also those that extend upward while spirally wound around the oil palm trunk have been revealed. The vascular bundle extending upward while being spirally wound around the oil palm trunk has a low density near the center of the oil palm trunk, and a high density near the outer periphery of the oil palm trunk. Of course, the vascular bundle is not limited to the vascular bundle extending upward while being wound spirally around the oil palm trunk, and the vascular bundle has a higher density of peripheral vascular bundles than the vicinity of the center of the oil palm trunk.

The vascular bundle that extends upward while spirally winding around the oil palm trunk is cut at least on the central axis side of the oil palm trunk when the oil palm material is cut out from the oil palm trunk with a predetermined width, thickness, and length. The end of the tube bundle will appear. On the outer circumference of the vascular bundle, a very hard silica crystal having a size of about 10 to 30 μm adheres tightly like a barnacle, and the end of the silica crystal has many sharp protrusions. In particular, sharp protrusions appear to be in a state where the “camenote” is open, so there is a risk that even hard objects will be damaged.
The ends of the vascular bundle are strong in fibers and silica crystals, and the ends become the tip of a sharp injection needle, or are separated by the silica crystals to become a surface that has been swollen (the thorns are easily pierced). In particular, partial breakage of the end of the vascular bundle is more difficult to handle because it is harder than usual. Therefore, it is desired that the exposed surface does not have a hard ridge.

Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve such problems, and without increasing the mechanical strength of the oil palm by using components inherently possessed by the oil palm without discarding the oil palm trunk. An object of the present invention is to provide a compacted material such as an oil palm compacted material and a method for producing the same, in which a vascular bundle extending upward while being spirally wound around the oil palm trunk does not occur on the plate surface.

The manufacturing method of the oil palm compact material as a compact material according to the invention of claim 1 includes a cutting step of cutting out the oil palm material with a predetermined width, thickness, and length from the oil palm trunk, and the oil cut out in the cutting step A hot plate heating and compression step of heating from both sides of the palm material, and applying a compressive force to the oil palm material under a temperature condition in which the center temperature of the oil palm material is lower than the temperature of the sides of the oil palm material And, after applying heat and pressure for a predetermined time in the hot plate heating and compression step, comprising a hot plate cooling and decompression step of lowering the surface temperature of both sides of the oil palm material to a predetermined temperature and cooling and decompressing, The end portion of the vascular bundle is not exposed on at least one surface of the oil palm material parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk.
Here, the oil palm material of a predetermined shape made from the oil palm trunk is cut out to a predetermined width, thickness and length, while rotating the oil palm trunk of a predetermined length in the circumferential direction from the outer periphery with a rotary race. It may be any oil palm board having a predetermined width, thickness, and length formed by peeling to a predetermined thickness. In addition, when heating by the hot plate, water vapor may be supplied to the oil palm material to be softened.
Moreover, the said hot plate heating compression process heats with the hot plate from the both surfaces of the cut-out oil palm material, and the center temperature of the said oil palm material is lower than the temperature of the both surfaces of the said oil palm material. Under the temperature condition, compressive force is applied to the oil palm material with the hot plate. It should be noted that there is no problem even if the center temperature of the oil palm material is balanced with the temperature of both sides of the oil palm material after a predetermined time has elapsed.
Then, the oil palm material is heated by a hot plate from both sides of the oil palm material, and the temperature condition where the center temperature of the oil palm material is lower than the temperature of the both sides of the oil palm material is that the oil palm material is heated. Therefore, if the heat is transferred, the center temperature of the oil palm material is lower than the temperatures on both sides of the oil palm material.
Further, the water vapor is supplied to soften the parts heated by the hot plate from both sides of the oil palm material. By softening, the oil palm material has its free end at the center as a fulcrum. It is for displacing in the center direction of palm material.
Furthermore, in the hot plate cooling and decompression step, after supplying heat and pressure for a predetermined time in the hot plate heating and compression step, the surface temperature of the hot plate on both sides of the oil palm material is lowered to a predetermined temperature. Cooling and decompressing.
In addition, the end portion of the vascular bundle is exposed to the higher vascular bundle density side of the surface of the oil palm material parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk by the hot plate heating and compression step and the hot plate cooling and decompression step. The end portion of the vascular bundle extending substantially spirally from the oil palm trunk is not exposed from the oil palm material.

An oil palm compact material as a compact material according to the invention of claim 2 is heated with a hot plate from both sides of the oil palm material and an oil palm material cut out from the oil palm trunk with a predetermined width, thickness and length. And applying a predetermined compressive force under a temperature condition in which the center temperature of the oil palm material is lower than the temperatures of both sides of the oil palm material, and applying heat and pressure for a predetermined time, The pressure is reduced by lowering the surface temperature on both sides to a predetermined temperature.
Here, the oil palm material of a predetermined shape made from the oil palm trunk is cut out to a predetermined width, thickness and length, while rotating the oil palm trunk of a predetermined length in the circumferential direction from the outer periphery with a rotary race. It may be any oil palm board having a predetermined width, thickness, and length formed by peeling to a predetermined thickness. Further, during heating by the hot plate, water vapor may be supplied to the oil palm material to soften it.
Then, the oil palm material is heated by a hot plate from both sides of the oil palm material, and the temperature condition where the center temperature of the oil palm material is lower than the temperature of the both sides of the oil palm material is that the oil palm material is heated. Therefore, if the heat is transferred, the center temperature of the oil palm material is lower than the temperatures on both sides of the oil palm material.
Further, the water vapor is supplied to soften the parts heated by the hot plate from both sides of the oil palm material. By softening, the oil palm material has its free end at the center as a fulcrum. It is for displacing in the center direction of palm material.
Furthermore, the surface of the oil palm material parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk is such that the end of the vascular bundle is not exposed on the side where the vascular bundle density is high, and the oil palm material On at least one surface parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk, an end portion of a vascular bundle extending substantially spirally is prevented from being exposed as an oil palm compact.

At the time of heating by the hot plate of the oil palm compacted material as the compacted material according to the invention of claim 3 , water vapor may be supplied to the oil palm material and softened.
Here, when heated by the hot plate, if water vapor is supplied and softened from the hot plate or from the outside of the hot plate to the oil palm material, it is more effective than the case of only the temperature rise. become.

The oil palm material of the oil palm compact material as the compact material according to the invention of claim 4 does not stand up even if it is polished by 1/10 mm from its outer surface.
Here, even if it is 1/10 mm polished, it does not stand up, and even if it is 1/10 mm polished, at least one surface parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk of the oil palm material, This means that the end of the vascular bundle is not exposed.

The manufacturing method of the oil palm compact material as a compact material of Claim 1 cuts out the oil palm material by predetermined width, thickness, and length from the oil palm trunk, and the both sides | surfaces of the said oil palm material cut out by the said cutting-out process The oil palm material is compressed by applying a compressive force to the oil palm material under a temperature condition in which the center temperature of the oil palm material is lower than the temperature of both sides of the oil palm material. After applying time heat and pressure, the surface temperature of both sides of the oil palm material is lowered to a predetermined temperature, the pressure is cooled and decompressed, and the end portion of the vascular bundle that extends the oil palm trunk in a substantially spiral shape is the oil palm material To avoid exposure.
Therefore, since at least one surface of the oil palm material parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk has a surface where the sharp cut end of the vascular bundle is difficult to be exposed, the sharp cut end of the vascular bundle is further increased. It can be prevented from being exposed.
In particular, since the cut end of the vascular bundle is not exposed on the exposed plane of the oil palm compacted material, the vascular bundle of the oil palm material is destroyed and the surface is crushed or used as a design surface. Will not sting or damage objects. In addition, it does not occur that the hair of an animal or the like is caught on its back and a hairball is formed.
In particular, in the present invention, a predetermined oil palm material is cut out from the oil palm trunk, heated with hot plates from both sides of the cut out oil palm material, and water vapor is supplied to both sides of the oil palm material. It is softened by heat and water vapor, and the end portion of the vascular bundle is embedded in the oil palm material.
Therefore, without disposing of the oil palm trunk, the mechanical strength is increased by utilizing the components inherently possessed by the oil palm, and it extends upward while being spirally wound around the oil palm trunk. This is a method for producing an oil palm consolidated material in which the vascular bundle is not exposed on the plate surface.

The oil palm compact material as the compact material according to claim 2 is softened by heating the oil palm material cut out from the oil palm trunk with a predetermined width, thickness, and length, and heat plates from both sides of the oil palm material. And applying a predetermined compressive force under a temperature condition in which the center temperature of the oil palm material is lower than the temperatures of both sides of the oil palm material, and applying heat and pressure for a predetermined time, The surface temperature of both sides is lowered to a predetermined temperature and decompressed, and at least one surface parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk of the oil palm material is formed of a vascular bundle that extends the oil palm trunk in a substantially spiral shape. The end is not exposed from the oil palm material.
Therefore, since at least one surface of the oil palm material parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk is a surface where the sharp cut end of the vascular bundle is difficult to be exposed, the sharp cut end of the vascular bundle is further exposed. Can be prevented.
In particular, since the cut end of the vascular bundle is not exposed on the exposed plane of the oil palm compacted material, the vascular bundle of the oil palm material is destroyed and the surface is crushed or used as a design surface. Will not sting or damage objects. In addition, it does not occur that the hair of an animal or the like is caught on its back and a hairball is formed.
In particular, in the present invention, a predetermined oil palm material is cut out from the oil palm trunk, heated with hot plates from both sides of the cut out oil palm material, and water vapor is supplied to both sides of the oil palm material. It is softened by heat and water vapor, and the end portion of the vascular bundle is embedded in the oil palm material.
Therefore, without disposing of the oil palm trunk, the mechanical strength is increased by utilizing the components inherently possessed by the oil palm, and it extends upward while being spirally wound around the oil palm trunk. An oil palm compact that does not expose the vascular bundle to the plate surface can be provided.

In addition to the effect of claim 2 , since the oil palm compact is heated by the hot plate of the oil palm compact as the compact of claim 3 , the oil palm is softened by supplying water vapor. Since the oil palm material is softened, the cut end of the vascular bundle is not exposed on the exposed plane of the oil palm compacted material, so that the vascular bundle of the oil palm material is destroyed and the surface is crushed or used as a design surface. However, no thorns are pierced or wounded. In addition, it does not occur that the hair of an animal or the like is caught on its back and a hairball is formed.

The at least one surface parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk of the oil palm material of the oil palm compact material as the compact material according to claim 4 is raised even if it is polished by 1/10 mm from the outer surface. In addition to the effect of claim 3, since the embedment of the end of the vascular bundle is not deeply exposed, the cut end of the vascular bundle is not exposed on the exposed plane of the oil palm compact. The vascular bundle of this oil palm material is destroyed, so that the surface is not crushed, and even if it is used as a design surface, no thorns are pierced or humans are damaged. In addition, it does not occur that the hair of an animal or the like is caught on its back and a hairball is formed.

Drawing 1 is an explanatory view of the manufacturing process of the rotary race material in the oil palm manufacturing device of an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view (a) in the case of producing an oil palm material from an oil palm trunk in the method for drying an oil palm according to an embodiment of the present invention, an explanatory view (b) showing a fiber state of the oil palm trunk, and an oil It is explanatory drawing (c) of the oil palm board lumbered from the palm trunk. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of the apparatus for producing an oil palm compacted material according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is another explanatory diagram of the principle of the oil palm compacted material manufacturing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a drying device of the apparatus for producing an oil palm compacted material according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a configuration explanatory view showing a drying device of the apparatus for producing an oil palm compacted material according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a schematic operation of the drying device of the apparatus for producing an oil palm compacted material according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining the sequence of the apparatus for producing the oil palm compacted material according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing a combined state (a), a laminated state (b), and a compressed state (c) of the laminated plywood of the apparatus for producing an oil palm compacted material according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of an apparatus for producing an oil palm compacted material according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of an apparatus for producing an oil palm compacted material according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 (a) is an explanatory view of supplying a pre-pressing multilayer material as a raw material, and FIG. (C) is an explanatory view of the sealed heat compression start state, (d) is an explanatory view of a vapor pressure control process in the closed heated compression state, (e) is an explanatory view of the sealed cooling state, and (f) is compacted. It is explanatory drawing of taking out the timber (consolidation processing material). FIG. 12 is an explanatory view of a frame used in the apparatus for manufacturing an oil palm compacted material according to the embodiment of the present invention, and is a perspective view (a) and a sectional view (b) taken along a cutting line AA. FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining the sequence of the apparatus for producing the oil palm compacted material according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that, in the embodiments, the same symbols and the same reference numerals in the drawings are the same or corresponding functional parts, and therefore, redundant description thereof is omitted here.

  First, the oil palm trunk WD used in the embodiment of the present invention is made of a fiber (vascular bundle) as shown in FIG. ) Becomes a line. That is, there are no annual rings like Japanese timber and cedar, and vascular bundle fibers of 0.2 to 1.0 mm extend in the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD, like cypresses. The density of the vascular bundle extending in the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD of the vascular bundle varies depending on the position from the center. The density of the vascular bundle is sparse near the center and becomes denser toward the outer periphery. However, in a position near the outer periphery of the oil palm trunk WD, not only the vascular bundle extending in the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD but also the fiber wound spirally in the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD. A tube bundle K is present.

The components of oil palm trunk WD are slightly different depending on the place of production, but the difference is slight, generally 30.6% by weight of cellulose, 33.2% by weight of hemicellulose, lignin (total lignin 28.5% by weight = Klarson lignin 24.7% by weight + acid-soluble lignin (3.8% by weight), extracted component 3.6% by weight, ash content 4.1% by weight, Characterization in Chemical Composition of the Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) (Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 87, 383-388 (2008)).
Visible fibers of 0.2 to 1.0 mm, that is, between the vascular bundle, are united by soft cells such as resin components such as lignin, saccharides such as cellulose and hemicellulose, and a small number of pores.

In particular, as shown in FIG. 2, the vascular bundle K wound spirally in the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD is curved in an arc shape in the oil palm material W5 cut out to a specific size. Thus, the sharp end D and both ends of the end E of the vascular bundle K are exposed on one side of the oil palm material W5. This state is shown in FIG.
This state acts so as to hinder industrial demand for the oil palm material W5.
Then, this inventor repeated experiment so that the sharp edge part D and the edge part E of the vascular bundle K might not be exposed to the surface of the oil palm material W5, and came to solve the following problems.

That is, if the end D and the end E of the vascular bundle K are cut with a blade CT such as a rotary race, a sharp cut is obtained. Further, the end portion D and the end portion E of the vascular bundle K are cut out with a saw or the like, and when used in that state, the vascular bundle of the oil palm material is destroyed and the surface is raised. When used as a face, a person may have thorns or damage to an object. Note that the inside of the vascular bundle K is protected from external force by silica crystals, and most of the vascular bundle K is a cylindrical cavity even after consolidation.
First, to explain conceptually, in FIG. 3A, the G point and the H point are the center points of the thickness of the oil palm material W5. Here, the point F is the farthest point on the opposite surface side of the end portion D and the end portion E of the vascular bundle K. In FIG. 3A in a state where the oil palm material W5 is cut out from the oil palm trunk WD with a predetermined width, thickness, and length, the end portion D and the end portion E of the vascular bundle K are sharply cut.

Moreover, as shown in FIG.3 (b), it heats with the hot plate N1 and the hot plate N2 (refer FIG. 5) from the surface of the both sides of the oil palm material W5 with respect to the thickness of the oil palm material W5, and is required. Accordingly, the upper outer layer R and the lower outer layer T, which are softened by supplying water vapor, are directly heated surfaces except for the intermediate layer S. Here, as shown in FIG.3 (c), when compressive force is applied from both surfaces of the oil palm material W5, the F point in the middle position of the vascular bundle K will be pressed to the center position of the oil palm material W5, and oil palm G point and H point in the intermediate layer S having a thickness of 1/2 of the material W5 serve as axes, and the end D and the end E are moved downward. That is, the end D and the end E are embedded in the softened oil palm material W5. At this time, the end portion D and the end portion E are embedded in the softened oil palm material W5 by the function of the vascular bundle K to extend. In particular, when heat is transmitted to the intermediate layer S, the intermediate layer S is also distorted, and the end portions D and E are embedded in the oil palm material W5.
In addition, the upper outer layer R, the lower outer layer T, and the intermediate layer S are obtained by uniformly dividing the thicknesses of the oil palm material W4 and the oil palm material W5 into 1/3 for easy understanding of the description.

  In the case of the oil palm material W4, as shown in FIG. 4A, the point G and the point H are the center points of the thickness of the oil palm material W4, and the end D and end of the vascular bundle K. The part E is on one side, and the end D ′ and the end E ′ are on the opposite side. The oil palm material W4 is cut out from the oil palm trunk WD with a predetermined width, thickness, and length. At this time, if the end portion D and end portion E, and the end portion D ′ and end portion E ′ of the vascular bundle K are cut with a blade CT such as a rotary race, they appear as sharp edges. Alternatively, the sharp end D and end E and the end D ′ and end E ′ of the vascular bundle K are cut with a saw or the like, and when used in that state, the vascular bundle of the oil palm material is destroyed. In some cases, the surface may stab and the person may have thorns or damage.

As shown in FIG. 4 (b), the thickness of the oil palm material W4 is heated by the hot plate N1 and the hot plate N2 from both sides of the oil palm material W4 and softened by supplying water vapor The outer layer R and the lower outer layer T are surfaces to which heating is applied except for the intermediate layer S. Further, the upper outer layer R and the lower outer layer T are supplied with water vapor to be easily softened. Here, as shown in FIG. 4 (c), the addition of compressive forces from both sides of the oil palm material W4, G point 1/2 of the thickness of the Au Irupamu material W4 and H points is the shaft, the end D and the end Move part E downward. That is, the end D and the end E are embedded in the softened oil palm material W4. At this time, when the vascular bundle K functions to extend, the end D and the end E are embedded in the softened oil palm material W4. In particular, when heat is transmitted to the intermediate layer S, the intermediate layer S is also distorted, and the end portions D and E, and the end portions D ′ and E ′ are embedded in the oil palm material W4. .

Here, the oil palm material W is heated by the hot plate N1 and the hot plate N2 from both sides of the oil palm material W cut out with a predetermined width, thickness and length, and when heated by the hot plate N1 and the hot plate N2, the oil palm material W is heated. When water vapor is supplied to the tube and heated to a high temperature and softened, the vascular bundle K of the intermediate layer S easily rotates around the point G or H. Therefore, the end D, end E and end of the vascular bundle K Even if D ′ and end E ′ are used in a state of being compacted, the vascular bundle K of the oil palm material is destroyed, the surface is crushed, spines are pierced by humans, and silica crystals damage the object. Will not be attached.
During heating by the hot plate N1 and the hot plate N2, water vapor is supplied to the oil palm material W to increase the temperature, and softening by supplying water vapor supplies water vapor to the oil palm material W without supplying water vapor. Even if it does not do, it can soften by setting it as high temperature and high pressure.

For example, when the hot plate N1 and the hot plate N2 are raised to a high temperature from the beginning and the temperature on both sides of the oil palm material W is increased for a long time, the softening is easily performed and the vascular bundle K is caused by the pressure during the consolidation process. Therefore, the sharp end D and end E and end D ′ and end E ′ of the vascular bundle K are not exposed on the surface of the oil palm material W.
Therefore, without discarding the oil palm trunk WD, the mechanical strength is increased by utilizing the components that the oil palm originally has, and the oil palm trunk WD is spirally wound around the oil palm trunk WD. It is possible to provide an oil palm compacted material in which the vascular bundle K extending in the direction is not generated on the plate surface, and to provide an oil palm compacted material manufacturing apparatus and an oil palm compacted material manufacturing method.

Further, the oil palm compact material, the oil palm compact material manufacturing apparatus, and the oil palm compact material manufacturing method according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
The formation of the oil palm material W constituting the laminated plywood as the oil palm consolidated material according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
The oil palm material W cuts a single trunk that has grown for more than 20 years as an oil palm trunk WD of a predetermined length, and sets it in a device called a rotary race that peels in the circumferential direction similar to wig removal of a radish. . Then, the oil palm trunk WD is rotated to perform circumferential stripping with the blade CT. This is a case where a plurality of oil palm materials W (specially, the number of oil palm materials W is not intended by peeling off a predetermined length of the oil palm trunk WD from the outer periphery to a predetermined thickness with a rotary race while rotating in the circumferential direction. Is simply a material forming step formed on the oil palm material W), and the oil palm material W is obtained by this material forming step.
Also in this oil palm material W, there is a low probability that the vascular bundle K spirally wound in the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD, and the oil palm material W cut out to a specific size includes oil The end portion D and end portion E of the vascular bundle K are exposed on the surface of the palm material W.

As shown in FIG. 1, the center of the oil palm trunk WD is rotated so as to be an axis, and a continuous plate UWD is formed by applying a blade CT having a predetermined width to the outer peripheral side thereof. The oil palm material W having a predetermined area and a predetermined thickness is produced by cutting the sheet into a predetermined length and drying it.
Oil palm leaves, empty fruit bunches, roots, etc., excluding the oil palm trunk WD, are cut into chips and treated by an organic waste fermentation treatment method in which they are composted (composted) by aerobic bacteria treatment. In particular, empty fruit bunches may be subjected to other practical treatments. Further, it may be finely crushed, extracted with components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, etc., and used for joining assistance.

  Normally, when the continuous plate UWD is peeled off, its natural drying is started. However, artificially forced drying is performed after cutting the number of plate members for making the laminated plywood PW as a predetermined oil palm compacted material. ing. In general, since cutting is performed by a flow operation, it is desirable to start drying at the time when the continuous plate UWD is formed from the oil palm trunk WD from the viewpoint of securing the drying time. However, when creating the laminated plywood PW as the oil palm compacted material, the oil palm material W having a predetermined area and a predetermined thickness of the number of plywood is overlapped with the pre-pressing multilayer material NW shown in FIG. A drying process is performed immediately after cutting.

  In particular, when the continuous plate UWD is formed from the oil palm trunk WD, and the oil palm material W is cut therefrom, and drying is started immediately thereafter, it is desirable because chips at the end of the oil palm material W are difficult to be produced. If it is after the time when the continuous board UWD was formed from the oil palm trunk WD, there is no big difference. In any case, the process of drying these oil palm materials W varies depending on the thickness of the oil palm material W, but a drying process is required regardless of forced drying or natural drying.

In the present embodiment, the number of oil palm materials W is not limited, but in the present embodiment, four oil palm materials W having a predetermined area and a predetermined thickness are stacked and pressed. A case where the front multilayer material NW is used will be described.
Thus, the oil palm material W having a predetermined area, a predetermined number of predetermined thicknesses, a predetermined area, and a predetermined thickness is cut and separated, and the oil palm drying apparatus 100 shown in FIG. -Oil palm material W1, ... W4 is inserted between N5.

  However, in the laminated plywood PW as the oil palm compacted material of the above embodiment, since the oil palm materials W1,..., W4 are made into plywood, the thickness of one oil palm material W is 10 to 30 mm. Generally, it is a degree. In particular, in the case of the thin oil palm material W, it seems that it can respond to natural drying. However, the oil palm trunk WD has very high moisture near the core at the center thereof, and if it is simple natural drying, corrosion due to growth of mold bacteria is fast, and a large area may be corroded at the time of drying.

For example, FIG. 2 illustrates an oil palm material W produced from a predetermined length of oil palm trunk WD to a predetermined width, thickness, and length shown in FIG.
As described above, even if the oil palm trunk WD is cut so as to obtain a grid and a plate like the lumber lumber, there is no annual ring as shown in FIG. 2 (c), and as shown in FIG. 2 (b). Since only a bundle of fibers is formed in the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD, it can be cut out as shown in FIG. 2 (a) as a grid-like lumber plate as shown in FIG. 2 (a). Oil palm material W (W1,... W5, X1,... X5).
However, in order to obtain thick wood such as pillars, planks, wood decks, floor pillars, floorboards, etc. of a predetermined size from the oil palm trunk WD having a predetermined length, the oil palm material W is made of plywood and is free from mold bacteria. It cannot cope with the breeding speed.

Therefore, the inventors created an oil palm drying apparatus 100 shown in FIGS.
The oil palm drying apparatus 100 includes n heat plates N1,..., Nn set in a required number of stages, and valves 53 _-1 for guiding a water vapor pressure as a heating source at a predetermined temperature _thereto . .., 53 _-n and supply pipes 54 _-1 ,..., 54 _-n , a valve 51 for guiding the vapor pressure to the valves 53 _{-1 ,.} A pressure gauge P that measures the vapor pressure of the inputs of the valves 53 _-1 ,..., 53 _-n at the output of the valve 51 is provided. Note that the temperature of the supply pipes 54 _-1 ,..., 54 _-n can be arbitrarily set according to the opening of the individual valves 53 _{-1 ,.}

Hot plate N1, ···, Nn (N1, ···, N4) , the supply line 54 _-1, ..., meandering shaped heating conduit steam is supplied from the 54 _-n 56 ₋₁ ,..., 56 _-n are embedded, and the other ends of the heating pipes 56 ₋₁ ,..., 56 _−n are drain pipes 58 ₋₁ ,. , 58 _-n through the valve 59 to the return line 60 and reheated by a heat source such as a boiler. Again, valve 51 and supply lines 53 _-1, ..., 53 _-5 predetermined steam through the heat plate N1, ..., circulated while increasing the temperature of Nn, hot plate N1, · .., Nn is raised to a predetermined temperature.

In the opposed hot plates N1,..., N5, the oil palm materials W1,..., Wn (W1,. · pit 57 _-2 accommodating the W4), · · ·, 57 _-n has been formed, oil palm material W1, · · ·, W4 is limiting the movement in the horizontal direction at the time of compression. Further, auxiliary plates 55 _-1 ,..., 55 _-n are formed in the hot plates N _{1 ,.} The heat plates N1,..., N5 are formed so as to be efficiently transmitted.

Therefore, the oil palm materials W1,..., W4 are inserted between the hot plates N1,..., N5 of the oil palm drying apparatus 100, and the oil palm materials W1,. It is nipped while being heated with hot plates N1,..., N5.
Specifically, an oil palm drying apparatus 100 having hot plates N1,... Steam plates N1,..., N5 are supplied with a vapor pressure of a predetermined water vapor pressure via valves 51 and supply pipes 53 _{−1 ,.}

Further, the supplied vapor pressure is collected by the discharge pipes 58 _-1 ,..., 58 _-n , led to the return pipe 60 through the valve 59, and reheated by a heat source such as a boiler (not shown). . Again, valve 51 and supply lines 53 _-1, ..., a predetermined steam temperature over a 53 _-n is, hot plate N1 formed of metal such as stainless steel or iron, ..., N5 temperature , The water vapor pressure circulates and raises the hot plates N1, ..., N5 to a predetermined temperature.

Usually, the temperature of the hot plates N1,..., N5 formed of a metal such as stainless steel or iron is heated at 100 to 150 ° C. In particular, it is desirable to perform the treatment at a temperature within the range of 110 to 140 ° C. Further, after heating, the temperature is gradually decreased, but the temperature is not rapidly decreased by using cooling water or the like from the outside. Further, in order to transmit the temperature of the hot plates N1,..., N5 to the oil palm materials W1,..., W4 with high efficiency, the hot plates N1,. The pressure is applied to the oil palm materials W1,..., W4 sandwiched between them, and at the same time, the temperature of the oil palm materials W1,.
As a result, the temperature of the hot plates N1,..., N5 is transmitted to the oil palm materials W1,..., W4 with high efficiency. , ..., the water-containing component of W4 can be discharged as water vapor.

When heating the oil palm materials W1,..., W4 for a predetermined time and removing the water-containing components, the valve 51 is closed, the supply of water vapor is turned off, and the heat plates N1,. -Decrease the compressive force of N5. During this time, the temperature of the oil palm materials W1,..., W4 gradually decreases due to the residual heat of the hot plates N1,. Moreover, although the valve | bulb 51 demonstrated in the example closed at a stretch, you may close gradually over 5 to 30 minutes. In this way, the temperature of the hot plates N1,..., Nn is heated at 100 to 150 ° C., and the time until the temperature falls from the temperature in the storage chamber 50 to the environmental temperature is moderated. Due to the components of the oil palm itself, such as the progress of crystallization, it is prevented from being altered or falling into stable plastic deformation. Thereby, use of the dried oil palm material W is enabled.
A press mechanism for applying a compressive force to the oil palm material W at a predetermined pressure with the hot plates N1,..., N5 is not shown because it is known, but the hot plates N1,. ... A predetermined compressive force is applied to N5 as a whole. The process of the press mechanism that applies a predetermined compressive force to the oil palm material W by the hot plates N1,..., N5 corresponds to the application of the compressive force.

Next, the heating and compressing operations of the limited hot plate N1, hot plate N2, and oil palm material W1 of the oil palm drying apparatus 100 will be described. This operation is a hot plate heating and compressing means and a hot plate heating and compressing step when viewed from the oil palm compacted material manufacturing apparatus and the oil palm compacted material of the present embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 7A, the relative interval is increased so that the interval between the hot plates N1,. At this time, no steam pressure is supplied to the heating pipelines 56 _-1 ,..., 56 _-n .
Oil palm material W1, · · ·, W4 is hot plate N1, · · ·, pits 57 _-2 formed N5, · · ·, are moved to 57 _-n.

Here, as in FIG. 7 (b), oil palm material W1, · · ·, a W4, hot plate N2, · · ·, pits 57 _-2 formed N5, · · ·, to 57 _-n The oil palm materials W1,..., W4 are prevented from moving in the surface direction with respect to the hot plates N1,. In this state, steam pressure is supplied to the heating pipes 56 ₋₁ ,..., 56 _-n , and heating of the hot plates N 1,.

Next, as shown in FIG. 7 (c), the oil palm material W1, · · ·, W4 and hot plate N2, · · ·, pits 57 _-2 formed N5, · · ·, and 57 _-n Are sandwiched between auxiliary spaces 55 _-1 , ..., 55 _-n-1 formed in the hot plates N1, ..., N5, and heated pipes 56 _-1 , ..., 56 _-n The temperature of the hot plates N1,..., N5 is raised by the steam pressure of the oil palm materials W1,..., W4 sandwiched between the hot plates N1,. The temperature of the oil palm materials W1,..., W4 is increased by applying force and bonding them closely. At this time, the heated water vapor is discharged from the gaps (not shown) between the hot plates N1,.

Hot plate N1, ..., the gap between N5 mutually so heated water vapor is discharged, a pit 57 _-2, ..., be formed with a groove around the 57 _-n, whereby The water vapor pressure between the closed pits 57 _-2 , ..., 57 _-n and the auxiliary spaces 55 _-1 , ..., 55 _-n-1 is prevented from increasing.
Furthermore, oil palm material W1, · · ·, as a wide area of W5, when drying what thickness, pits 57 _-2, · · ·, 0.5 to 3 mm about the bottom surface of 57 _-n Form the exhaust path by forming a groove having a width or forming a groove having a width of about 0.5 to 3 mm on the upper surface of the auxiliary space 55 _-1 ,..., 55 _-n-1. become.

  The entire oil palm drying apparatus 100 is accommodated in a storage chamber 50 that is a closed space such as a housing formed of an iron plate, an aluminum plate, or the like. In the storage chamber 50, an oil palm material W obtained by peeling a predetermined length of an oil palm trunk WD in a predetermined thickness in the circumferential direction or an oil palm made of a predetermined length of an oil palm trunk WD in a predetermined thickness in the length direction The heating plates N1,..., Nn that heat the palm material W from both sides and the thermal plates N1,. A press mechanism (not shown) that compresses in the direction of the compressive force shown is accommodated.

A pump 49 that controls the internal pressure of the storage chamber 50 separately from the atmospheric pressure is connected to the air inlet side, and air is supplied to the storage chamber 50. The air inside the storage chamber 50 can be exhausted to the exhaust port side of the storage chamber 50. Here, the pump 49 that controls the internal pressure of the storage chamber 50 separately from the atmospheric pressure may supply dry air to the storage chamber 50, or exhausts high-humidity air from the storage chamber 50. It may be a thing.
Here, the accommodation chamber 50 accommodates the oil palm material W and the hot plates N1,..., Nn, and separates the accommodation internal pressure from the atmospheric pressure. However, the entire press mechanism (not shown) may be accommodated in the accommodation chamber 50 or a part thereof may be accommodated. Moreover, you may accommodate only output shafts, such as a hydraulic piston.

The oil palm drying apparatus 100 of the present embodiment operates as shown in FIG.
First, in step S1, the hot plates N1,..., Nn are opened to the maximum, and the oil palm materials W1,. When the oil palm materials W1,..., Wn are arranged in step S2, and the arrangement is confirmed in step S3, the valve 51 is opened in step S4 and heating of the hot plates N1,. In step S5, the pump 49 is driven and the discharge of moisture is started.

  Next, in step S6, the compression force for sandwiching the oil palm materials W1,..., Wn between the hot plates N1,. This compressive force is applied in accordance with the temperature by the routine of step S6 and step S7 until the temperature of the hot plates N1,..., Nn becomes maximum in step S7. When the temperature of the hot plates N1,..., Nn reaches a maximum in step S7, the temperature is maintained for a predetermined time in step S8 to promote drying. In the routine of step S6 and step S7, the compression force is increased in accordance with the time axis. However, when the present invention is implemented, the temperature may be controlled according to the pressure, or according to the elapsed time. The pressure may be changed.

  When the maintenance of the predetermined time is finished in step S8, the valve 51 is closed in step S9, and the supply of water vapor pressure is stopped. However, the heat plates N1,..., Nn maintain their temperatures due to residual heat. In step S10, the compression force between the hot plates N1,..., Nn by the press mechanism is reduced, and in step S11, it is determined whether the temperature of the hot plates N1,. Until then, the processing of the routines of step S10 and step S11 is repeatedly executed, and when it is confirmed in step S11 that the temperature of the hot plates N1,..., Nn has become equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature, in step S12 The hot plates N1,..., Nn are opened by the press mechanism, the pump 49 is stopped in step S13, and the oil palm materials W1,..., Wn are discharged in step S14. The operation of the drying apparatus 100 is finished. Here, the process of the routine of step S10 and step S11 adjusts the compression force between the hot plates N1,..., Nn by the press mechanism according to the temperature of the hot plates N1,. However, when the present invention is carried out, the valve 51 may be closed and then opened at a stroke after a predetermined time has elapsed.

The operation of the oil palm drying apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment includes a cut-out process for cutting out the oil palm material W, a hot plate heating and compression means, and a manufacturing apparatus for an oil palm compacted material according to the present embodiment having a hot plate heating and compression process, and Oil palm compaction material.
That is, in the material forming step, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the length of the oil palm material W or the length of the oil palm trunk WD obtained by stripping the oil palm trunk WD having a predetermined length in the circumferential direction to a predetermined thickness. It is a step of obtaining an oil palm material W that has been lumbered to a predetermined thickness in the direction, and is a cutting means for cutting out the oil palm material W.
The hot plate heating and compressing means is a step of heating with hot plates N1,..., Nn comprising step S4 and steps S6 to S8. Further, the hot plate cooling / decompression means supplies heat and pressure for a predetermined time by the hot plate heating and compression means, and then the surface temperatures of the hot plates N1,..., Nn on both sides of the oil palm material W are reduced to a predetermined temperature. This is a process comprising steps S9 to S11 in which the pressure is lowered and the cooling pressure is released.
In addition, in the oil palm drying apparatus 100 of the present embodiment, the oil palm material W is assumed to be plate-shaped, but drying can be performed in the same manner even if it is columnar.

The hot plate heating and compression step, which is a compressive force applying step, includes steps S6 and S8, in which the hot plate N1,... Since the valve 51 is opened in step S4, the hot plate heating and compression means for heating by the hot plates N1,..., Nn consisting of step S4 and steps S6 to S8, Equivalent to.
Further, the moisture discharge process means a process of removing the humidity between step S5 to step S13 in the process of exhausting or sucking air from the storage chamber 50 by the pump 49.

  The oil palm drying apparatus 100 of the present embodiment has an oil palm material W obtained by peeling a predetermined length of an oil palm trunk WD in a predetermined thickness in the circumferential direction or an oil palm trunk WD of a predetermined length in a predetermined length direction. , Nn that heats the oil palm material W that has been sawn from both sides, and compressive force is applied to the oil palm material W at a predetermined pressure. , Nn which accommodates the oil palm material W and the hot plates N1,..., Nn, and controls the internal pressure of the pressing mechanism separately from the atmospheric pressure, and exhausts or sucks air from the accommodating chamber 50. And a pump 49.

  Therefore, the oil palm material W is heated by the hot plates N1,..., Nn, and the water vapor is discharged from the storage chamber 50 through the pump 49, so that the water vapor generated by the heating is removed as necessary. Moisture generated by the air is discharged, and the drying efficiency can be increased. Moreover, since the oil palm material W is heated and pressurized by the hot plates N1,..., Nn, the heat of the hot plates N1,. Can be done rapidly. Therefore, the oil palm material W can be dried to the extent that mold bacteria do not propagate, and the oil palm material W that does not affect the processing after drought can be prepared.

  In addition, the oil palm drying method according to the present embodiment includes an oil palm material W in which a predetermined length of an oil palm trunk WD is peeled to a predetermined thickness in the circumferential direction or an oil palm trunk WD of a predetermined length in the length direction. With respect to the oil palm material W, the material formation process which forms the oil palm material W lumbered to predetermined thickness, the hot plate heating process which heats the oil palm material W from both sides with the hot plates N1,. A compression force applying step for applying a compression force to the hot plates N1,..., Nn at a predetermined pressure by a press mechanism, and the inside of the storage chamber 50 containing the oil palm material W and the hot plates N1,. A pressure is separated from the atmospheric pressure, and a moisture discharge process is performed in which air is exhausted or sucked from the storage chamber 50 by the pump 49.

Therefore, the oil palm material W is heated by the hot plates N1,..., Nn, and the water vapor is discharged from the storage chamber 50 through the pump 49, so that the water vapor generated by the heating is removed as necessary. Moisture generated by the air is discharged, and the drying efficiency can be increased. Moreover, since the oil palm material W is heated and pressurized by the hot plates N1,..., Nn, the heat of the hot plates N1,. Can be done rapidly. Therefore, the oil palm material W can be dried to the extent that mold bacteria do not propagate, and the oil palm material W that does not affect the processing after drought can be prepared.
In the above-described embodiment, the oil palm drying device 100 has been described as an example using the hot plates N1,. However, when implementing this invention, it can implement also as the heat plate N1, ..., Nn which embedded heat sources, such as a heater. However, considering the accuracy of temperature control and the influence on the oil palm material W, the oil palm drying apparatus 100 of the above embodiment is a preferable apparatus.

  Also in the oil palm drying apparatus 100 of the above embodiment, the oil palm material W is heated and pressurized by the hot plates N1,..., Nn. By controlling the temperature to soften the parenchyma until the heat reaches the core of the oil palm material W and rapidly dry the whole, the oil palm compacted material, its manufacturing apparatus, the configuration of the manufacturing method of the invention and You can also

  That is, the oil palm drying apparatus 100 according to the above-described embodiment cuts out the oil palm material W from the oil palm trunk WD with a predetermined width, thickness, and length using a blade CT such as a rotary race or a saw. And the heating plate N1,..., Nn are heated from both sides of the oil palm material W cut out by the cutting means, so that the center temperature of the oil palm material W is higher than the temperature of both sides of the oil palm material W. In step S7, the hot plate heating / compressing means in steps S4 to S8 for applying compressive force to the oil palm material W by the hot plates N1,..., Nn and the hot plate heating / compressing means. And after supplying heat and pressure for a predetermined time in step S8, the surface temperature of the hot plates N1,..., Nn on both sides of the oil palm material W is lowered to a predetermined temperature, and the cooling pressure is released. And a hot plate cooling / decompressing means in step S12, and the hot plate heating and compressing means has at least one surface parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD of the oil palm material W on the vascular bundle K. It can be set as the structure of embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus of the oil palm compacting material which prevented the edge part D and edge part E, edge part D ', and edge part E' from exposing.

Therefore, the apparatus for manufacturing the oil palm compacted material of the present embodiment is a vascular bundle that extends the oil palm trunk WD in a substantially spiral shape on at least one surface parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD of the oil palm material W. The end of K is not exposed from the oil palm material W, and at least one surface parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD of the oil palm material W exposes a sharp cut end of the vascular bundle K. Since there is a surface that is difficult to be formed, it is possible to further prevent the cut ends such as the sharp end D and end E, end D ′ and end E ′ of the vascular bundle K from being exposed.
In particular, since the sharp cut end of the vascular bundle K is not exposed on the exposed plane of the oil palm compacted material, the vascular bundle K of the oil palm material W is destroyed and no surface is raised. Even if it is used as a surface, it does not pierce people or damage objects. In addition, an unpleasant phenomenon that a hairball of an animal or the like is caught on the back and a hairball is formed does not occur.
In particular, in the present embodiment, a predetermined oil palm material W is cut out from the oil palm trunk WD, heated from both sides of the cut out oil palm material W with hot plates N1,. Water vapor is supplied to both sides of the palm material W and is softened by heat and water vapor, and a sharp cut end of the vascular bundle K can be embedded in the oil palm material W.

  The oil palm material W consolidated as the oil palm compacted material obtained by the oil palm drying apparatus 100 as the oil palm compacted material manufacturing apparatus of the above embodiment has a predetermined width, thickness, and length from the oil palm trunk WD. The oil palm material W is cut out and heated from both sides of the oil palm material W with hot plates N1,..., Nn so that the center temperature of the oil palm material W is on both sides of the oil palm material W. After applying a predetermined compressive force under temperature conditions lower than the surface temperature and applying heat and pressure for a predetermined time, the surface temperature on both sides of the oil palm material W is lowered to a predetermined temperature to release the pressure, and oil palm An oil palm compacted material in which the end portion of the vascular bundle K is not exposed on at least one surface parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD of the material W can be used.

  Therefore, since at least one surface of the oil palm material W parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD has a surface where the sharp cut end of the vascular bundle K is difficult to be exposed, the vascular bundle K is further sharply cut. It is possible to prevent the mouth from being exposed. In particular, since the cut end of the vascular bundle K is not exposed on the exposed plane of the oil palm compacted material, the vascular bundle K of the oil palm material W is destroyed and the surface is crushed or used as a design surface. No thorns are pierced or people are damaged. In addition, it does not occur that the hair of an animal or the like is caught on its back and a hairball is formed. In particular, in the present invention, a predetermined oil palm material W is cut out from the oil palm trunk WD, heated from both sides of the cut out oil palm material W with hot plates N1, ..., Nn, and the oil palm material Water vapor is supplied to both sides of W and softened by heat and water vapor, and the end portion of the vascular bundle K can be embedded in the oil palm material W.

  Further, the oil palm drying apparatus 100 of the above embodiment cuts out the oil palm material W from the oil palm trunk WD with a predetermined width, thickness, and length using a blade CT or a saw like a rotary race. The oil palm material W is heated from both sides of the process and the oil palm material W cut out in the cutting step, and the temperature of the center of the oil palm material W is lower than the temperature of both sides of the oil palm material W. After applying heat and pressure for a predetermined time consisting of step S7 and step S8 in the hot plate heating and compression step and applying heat and pressure in steps S4 to S8 for applying compressive force to both sides of the oil palm material W A hot plate cooling / decompressing step consisting of steps S9 to S12 for lowering the surface temperature of the steel plate to a predetermined temperature and releasing the cooling pressure. Degree, it is possible to adopt a configuration of a manufacturing method of oil palm compaction material end portion is not exposed vascular K on a surface other than the both ends of the oil palm material W.

  Therefore, since at least one surface of the oil palm material W parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD has a surface where the sharp cut end of the vascular bundle K is difficult to be exposed, the vascular bundle K is further sharply cut. It is possible to prevent the mouth from being exposed. In particular, since the cut end of the vascular bundle K is not exposed on the exposed plane of the oil palm compacted material, the vascular bundle K of the oil palm material W is destroyed and the surface is crushed or used as a design surface. No thorns are pierced or people are damaged. In addition, it does not occur that the hair of an animal or the like is caught on its back and a hairball is formed.

  As described above, the oil palm drying apparatus 100 according to the above embodiment increases the mechanical strength without discarding the oil palm trunk WD and using the components that the oil palm originally has. Further, it can be regarded as an oil palm compacted material in which the vascular bundle K extending upward while being spirally wound around the oil palm trunk WD is not generated on the plate surface, its manufacturing apparatus, and its manufacturing method. Furthermore, also about the plastic processing wood manufacturing apparatus 300 isolate | separated from the oil palm drying apparatus 100 of the following embodiment, the structure of the oil palm compacting material and its manufacturing apparatus, and its manufacturing method in which the vascular bundle K does not arise on a plate surface are comprised. It has.

9, four oil palm materials W1,..., Wn having a predetermined area and a predetermined thickness are cut and aligned with the stacked state of the multilayer material NW before pressurization as shown in FIG. I do. When this lamination is performed, in order to prevent the spread of the oil palm material W in the surface direction, the frame body 20 (see FIG. 12) for positioning each side of the four oil palm materials W1,. It is desirable to set holes 18 (see FIG. 10). For the sake of simplicity, FIGS. 10 and 11 will be described using the positioning hole 18 as an example.
Thus, the process of laminating | stacking the oil palm material W dried in the drying process of the oil palm drying apparatus 100 in a predetermined state in this way is called an arrangement | positioning process here.

Therefore, the laminated plywood PW as the oil palm compacted material of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 9 (a) is laminated to the laminated material NW before pressurization shown in FIG. It compresses by applying a predetermined compressive force under temperature conditions, and after a predetermined time has passed, it is lowered to a predetermined temperature and fixed, and then decompressed.
That is, hot plate heating compression means (hot plate heating compression step) for applying a compressive force in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the oil palm material W to the laminated oil palm materials W1,..., W4 heated by the heating step. ) After the treatment by the hot plate cooling and depressurizing means (hot plate cooling and depressurizing step), after pressing at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time, the supplied temperature is lowered and the fixing step of maintaining the compressed state is performed. Thus, the laminated plywood PW as the oil palm compacted material of the present embodiment that has been consolidated is obtained.

Here, the process of heating to raise the temperature of the laminated oil palm material W after the lamination process is referred to as a heating process, and the oil palm material W heated and laminated by the heating process is added to the oil palm material W. The step of applying a compressive force in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the material W is called a compression step. Both of them are called a hot plate heat compression process (hot plate heat compression means).
Then, after pressing for a predetermined time in the compression step, the temperature supplied in the heating step is lowered, and the step of cooling and fixing at normal temperature or slightly lower than that is fixed in a consolidated state. In this sense, the fixing process is called a fixing process. In this way, the process of lowering the surface temperature of both sides of the oil palm material W to a predetermined temperature and cooling and decompressing is referred to as a hot plate cooling and decompressing process (hot plate cooling and decompressing means). ).

First, a procedure for manufacturing the laminated plastic processed wood according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 13.
As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 13, first, a predetermined length of the oil palm trunk WD is peeled to a predetermined thickness with a rotary race blade CT while being rotated in the circumferential direction to form a plurality of oil palm members W. In the material forming step of Step S40, the oil palm material W obtained by peeling the oil palm trunk WD having a predetermined length in the circumferential direction to a predetermined thickness or the oil palm trunk WD having a predetermined length is made into a predetermined thickness in the length direction. The oil palm material W is formed into a predetermined shape, and then, in the drying process of step S41, the oil palm material W is dried by the oil palm drying device 100 within a range of water content of 10% to 30% and dried. Become.

  Here, the drying method of the oil palm material W in the drying step includes artificial drying or natural drying (sun drying). As the artificial drying, for example, hot air is supplied to the oil palm material W using a dryer such as a steam dryer having a high-temperature steam as a heat source and a dehumidifier including a refrigerator for removing humidity. Examples include an external heating method for heating from the outside of the oil palm material W by spraying or heating and squeezing with a press board, an internal heating method for heating the oil palm material W from the inside by applying dielectric heating, As is well known, in general, natural drying is less expensive than artificial drying.

  However, when the oil palm material W is naturally dried, in particular, when the oil palm material W is thick, bacteria such as mold are prone to grow and corrode, and productivity and commercial value are impaired. This is because oil such as Lauan, which is commonly used for building materials, forms a secondary xylem composed of cell (dead cell) tissue that has stopped moving water and nutrients. This is because the stem WD is composed only of primary tissues of vascular bundles and parenchymal cells, and most cells centering on parenchymal cells are living cells to which water and nutrients are transferred, and the moisture content is extremely high. Furthermore, it was found that oil palm trunk WD (oil palm trunk) is rich in saccharides (eg, fructose, glucose, fructooligosaccharides, inositol, etc.). When the thickness of the oil palm material W obtained from the trunk of the palm is thick, bacteria such as mold are proliferated and corroded easily in natural drying, and productivity and commercial value are impaired.

Therefore, according to the experiments by the present inventors, by setting the thickness of the oil palm material W obtained from the oil palm trunk WD to a range of 10 mm to 20 mm or less, commercial value and productivity due to bacteria such as mold even in natural drying It has been confirmed that the cost can be reduced without incurring a decrease in the cost.
In addition, it was confirmed that the use of the oil palm drying apparatus 100 can reduce the cost without causing a reduction in product value or productivity due to bacteria such as mold.

Furthermore, according to the experiments by the present inventors, when the thickness of the oil palm material W obtained from the oil palm trunk WD is less than 3 mm (when it is less than 0.9 to 1.1 after consolidation), the thickness Since it is thin, it is easy to cut when it is peeled off, and when it exceeds 20 mm, it is difficult to uniformly dry to the inside, so deformation and bulge are likely to occur after compaction processing, which will be described later, and the curved surface is re-arranged It has also been confirmed that cracks and the like are likely to occur.
For this reason, the oil palm material W having a thickness of 3 mm or more and 20 mm or less is peeled off from the oil palm trunk WD, and it can be dried at low cost without causing deterioration of the product value and productivity due to bacteria such as mold even by natural drying. Further, the cutting operation is easy, and the dimensional shape stability after the compacting process described later is high.
In the case of the oil palm drying apparatus 100, the thickness of the oil palm material W from the oil palm trunk WD is preferably in the range of 6 mm to 15 mm.

  In addition, when the moisture content of the dried oil palm material W is less than 10% as a result of repeated experiments by the present inventors, the drying within the range of the moisture content of 10% to 30% will be described later. Insufficient chemical changes can be caused by the phenomenon that the surface is too dry and the compressed part returns to its original thickness when it becomes wet after compaction, so-called immobilization. On the other hand, when the moisture content exceeds 30%, it is difficult to dry uniformly to the inside, and it has been confirmed that damage such as cracks, rupture, deformation, swelling, etc. are likely to occur after consolidation. Therefore, the setting is made based on this. That is, it is desirable that the moisture content of the oil palm material W is substantially uniform over the entire thickness, and that the entire thickness is plastically processed with a substantially uniform compression rate, and the moisture content ranges from 10% to 30%. The inside is preferable. More preferably, the water content is in the range of 13% to 18%. In addition, a moisture content is measured using measuring instruments, such as a high frequency moisture content meter, for example.

Next, the arrangement | positioning process of step S42 which laminates | stacks the dried oil palm material W as needed is performed. That is, it is a process of laminating a plurality of the oil palm materials W dried in the drying process of Step S40 and Step S41 in a predetermined state as necessary. It becomes the multilayer material NW before pressurization by the arrangement | positioning process of this step S42. Although the outer diameters of all the pre-pressurized multilayer materials NW are the same, the oil palm materials W in the stacking direction are merely overlapped by their own weight.
Here, the plastic processing wood manufacturing apparatus 300 separated from the oil palm drying apparatus 100 as the manufacturing apparatus of the oil palm compacting material for performing the compacting processing of the pre-pressing multilayer material NW formed by laminating the oil palm material W is shown in FIG. This will be described with reference to FIG.
That is, the laminated plywood PW as the oil palm compacted material formed by laminating the oil palm material W is thin as the oil palm material W. Therefore, even if the oil palm drying apparatus 100 is not installed, the plastic processed wood manufacturing apparatus 300 is used alone. It can be made to function as a manufacturing apparatus for oil palm compacted material.

  In FIG. 10, a compacted material manufacturing apparatus 300 that can be used as a manufacturing apparatus of an oil palm compacted material for manufacturing a laminated plywood PW as an oil palm compacted material of the present embodiment is mainly composed of an upper press panel 10A and a lower press panel. The press board 10 that forms the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 by the structure divided into two parts 10B and the peripheral part 10a of the upper press board 10A that faces the peripheral part 10b of the lower press board 10B, The press board 10B is formed with a positioning hole 18 that determines and regulates the position of the multilayer material NW before pressurization, and the sealing member that seals the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 within a predetermined vertical movement range of the upper press board 10A. 11 is communicated with the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 from the upper surface side of the upper press panel 10A, and steam is supplied into the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18. The piping 12 having a piping port 12a, the upstream valve V4, and the side surface of the lower press panel 10B are communicated with the interior space IS and the positioning hole 18, and water vapor is passed through the interior space IS and the positioning hole 18. It comprises a pipe 13 having a pipe port 13a for discharging, a pressure gauge P2 for detecting the vapor pressure in the pipe 13, a valve V5 on the downstream side thereof, a drain pipe 14 connected to the valve V5, and the like. .

  The press board 10 has a plane size that can place the entire specific surface perpendicular to the surface of the multilayer material NW before pressurization, that is, the entire surface to be compressed of the multilayer material NW before pressurization. The material is not particularly limited. For example, it is formed of a material such as stainless steel or aluminum so that the wood is not blackened due to iron ion contamination, or the contact surface with the multilayer material NW before pressurization is plated. Is given. Furthermore, the material of the seal member 11 that seals the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is not particularly limited, but usually, silicon rubber, silicon resin, etc. excellent in heat resistance and water resistance are used. .

  Further, in the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B of the press board 10, pipe lines 15 and 16 are formed for raising the temperature to a desired temperature by passing high-temperature steam. Pipes ST2 and ST3 branched from the steam supply side pipe ST1 and steam discharge side pipes ET1 and ET2 are connected to the paths 15 and 16, respectively. Further, in the middle of the steam supply side pipes ST1, ST2, ST3, valves V1, V2, V3 and a pressure gauge P1 for detecting the steam pressure in the pipe ST1 are arranged, and the steam discharge side pipes ET1, ET2 Is connected to the drain pipe 14 via a valve V6.

In addition, the boiler apparatus which supplies water vapor | steam to piping ST1, and the press raising / lowering apparatus containing the hydraulic mechanism for raising / lowering and pressurizing the upper press board 10A with respect to the lower press board 10B of the fixed side of the press board 10 are abbreviate | omitted. Has been.
In the present embodiment, high-temperature steam is generated using the pipe 12 connected to the valve V4 in order to heat the interior space IS formed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B and the positioning hole 18 in the press board 10. In addition to this, it is also possible to use high-frequency heating, microwave heating, or the like. In particular, for the high-frequency heating of wood, a method of heating from the center of wood at a high frequency slightly lower than that of microwave is preferable to dielectric overheating by microwave.

Further, on the press board 10, a cooling water supply side that cools to a desired temperature by passing low-temperature cooling water in place of water vapor through the pipes 15 and 16 formed in the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B. Pipes ST12 and ST13 branched from the pipe ST11 are connected to the pipes ST2 and ST3, respectively. Further, valves V11, V12, V13 are arranged in the middle of the pipes ST11, ST12, ST13 on the cooling water supply side. In addition, the cooling water supply apparatus which supplies cooling water to piping ST11 is abbreviate | omitted.
Of course, when the present invention is carried out, a compressive force is applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the five oil palm members W of the multilayer material NW before pressurization in the press-pressing direction of the press board 10. .

Then, in producing the laminated plywood PW as the oil palm compacted material of the present embodiment from the pre-pressed multilayer material NW by the compacted material manufacturing apparatus 300 configured as described above, first, as shown in FIG. As described above, the upper press panel 10A is raised with respect to the lower press panel 10B on the fixed side of the press panel 10 in the compacted material manufacturing apparatus 300, and the pre-pressing multilayer material NW previously dried to a predetermined condition is It is placed in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the board 10A and the lower press board 10B.
Here, in the present embodiment, the pre-pressing multilayer material NW that is a raw material of the laminated plywood PW as the oil palm compacted material is formed in a predetermined dimension (thickness / width / length), The surface side of the total four oil palm materials W was opposed to the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B of the press board 10 and placed in the positioning holes 18 of the lower press board 10B.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 11 (b), the upper press platen 10A is lowered at a predetermined pressure with respect to the pre-pressing multilayer material NW placed on the positioning hole 18 of the fixed-side lower press platen 10B. Thus, it is brought into contact with the upper surface of the pre-pressurized multilayer material NW, that is, in the present embodiment, in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the oil palm material W. In step S43, timer control by the timer I is started. Looking at the timer I in step S43, it is determined whether it is the heating timing in step S44, and it is determined whether it is the compression timing in step S44.
At the heating timing, steam at a predetermined temperature (for example, 110 to 180 [° C.]) is passed through the piping path 15 of the upper press panel 10A and the piping path 16 of the lower press panel 10B in step S46, and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is maintained at a predetermined temperature (for example, 110 to 180 [° C.]). When it is determined at step S44 that it is not the heating timing, it is determined at step S45 whether it is the compression timing. When the compression timing is reached, the compression process is started at step S47.

That is, in step S47, the compression force of the upper press board 10A is set to a predetermined pressure (for example, 2 to 5 [MPa]) with respect to the lower press board 10B on the fixed side, and the multilayer material NW before pressurization is the upper press board. 10A and the lower press panel 10B are heated and compressed for a predetermined time (for example, 5 to 40 [min]). Also, in step S48, it is determined whether the heating / compression is completed, and the routine processing from step S43 to step S48 is performed until the end time is reached.
In order to prevent cracking, the compression force in step S48 is the temperature rise of the multilayer material NW before pressurization, that is, the internal temperature state of the multilayer material NW before pressurization according to the elapsed time of the timer I in step S43, heating It is desirable to gradually increase with the passage of time, and it is preferable to set the heating and compression time in consideration of the heating time.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 11 (c), when the peripheral portion 10a of the upper press panel 10A comes into contact with the peripheral portion 10b of the lower press panel 10B, the sealing member 11 disposed on the peripheral portion 10a of the upper press panel 10A. The internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are hermetically sealed. Then, with the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 sealed, the compression force by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B is maintained, and a predetermined temperature (for example, 150 to 210 [° C.]) based on the timer I in step S43. ).

In the present embodiment, the internal space IS and the internal space IS when the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are sealed via the seal member 11 The dimensional interval in the vertical direction of the positioning holes 18 is set to the finished dimension in the thickness direction when the pre-pressing multilayer material NW becomes the laminated plywood PW having a compression rate of 70% by the press board 10. For this reason, the compression ratio of the entire thickness of the multilayer material NW before pressurization, that is, the change in the plate thickness due to the compression of the multilayer material NW before pressurization, is that the peripheral portion 10a of the upper press panel 10A is the peripheral part 10b of the lower press panel 10B. It will be decided by contacting.
The overall compression ratio of the multilayer material NW before pressurization and the laminated plywood PW is calculated by the formula {(thickness of the multilayer material NW before pressurization) − (thickness of the laminated plywood PW)} / thickness of the multilayer material NW before pressurization. The compression rate of the single plate was calculated by the formula {(thickness before pressing) − (thickness after pressing)} / thickness before pressing.

Then, in the sealed state of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 shown in FIG. 11C, the compressive force of the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B is maintained, and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are at a predetermined temperature ( For example, the laminated plywood PW as an oil palm compacted material that is held for a predetermined time (for example, 30 to 120 [min]) while being kept at 150 to 210 [° C.] and does not return when the subsequent cooling and compression is released. A heat treatment for forming the film is performed. At this time, high-temperature and high-pressure vapor pressure is generated between the surrounding surface of the pre-pressurized multilayer material NW and the inside thereof through the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 which are sealed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B. You can go in and out.
As described above, in the present embodiment, the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are in surface contact with the front and back surfaces of the pre-pressurized multilayer material NW and are held in the sealed internal space IS and the positioning holes 18. Therefore, the multilayer material NW before pressurization is sufficiently heated in its entire thickness, and is efficiently compressed and deformed.

Next, as shown in FIG. 11D, when the heat compression process is performed in a sealed state of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18, the internal space IS and the positioning hole with the pressure gauge P2 as a vapor pressure control process. 18 vapor pressure is detected, and the valve V5 is appropriately opened and closed. Thereby, high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor is discharged from the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 to the drain pipe 14 side through the pipe port 13a and the pipe 13, and in particular, the moisture content of the outer layer portion of the multilayer material NW before pressurization. Therefore, the excess internal space IS and moisture in the positioning hole 18 are removed, and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are adjusted to have a predetermined vapor pressure. Further, if necessary, a predetermined vapor pressure can be supplied to the internal space IS via the pipe 12 and the pipe port 12a (FIG. 10) connected to the valve V4. As a result, the fixing of the heat compression treatment of the wood, that is, the so-called immobilization of the wood is further promoted.
Further, immediately before the transition from the heating compression to the cooling compression by the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B, the valve V5 is opened as a vapor pressure control process, so that the internal space passes through the piping port 13a and the piping 13. High-temperature and high-pressure steam is discharged from the IS and positioning hole 18 to the drain pipe 14 side.

If it is determined in step S45 that the heating process in step S46 and the compression process in step S47 based on the operation of the timer I in step S43 are completed, the fixing process is started in step S49. In the fixing process, based on the timer II in step S50, as shown in FIG. 11 (e), normal temperature cooling water or ground water is passed through the piping path 15 of the upper press panel 10A and the piping path 16 of the lower press panel 10B. As a result, the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are cooled to around room temperature and held for a predetermined time (for example, 10 to 120 [min] for oil palm) depending on the material. At this time, the compression force of the upper press panel 10A with respect to the lower press panel 10B on the fixed side is maintained at the same predetermined pressure (for example, 2 to 5 [MPa]) as the pressure at the time of heat compression. The board 10A and the lower press board 10B are cooled.
And finally, as shown in FIG.11 (f), it enters into a pressure release process by step S21, the upper press board 10A is raised with respect to the lower press board 10B of a fixed side, and internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are used. A series of processing steps is completed when the finished laminated plywood PW is taken out.

  The oil palm drying device 100 as the oil palm compacted material manufacturing device for manufacturing the laminated plywood PW of the present embodiment and the compacted processed material manufacturing device 300 separated from each other mainly include an upper press panel 10A and a lower press panel 10B. Although the press board 10 which forms internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 by the structure divided | segmented into 2 is provided, the movement control of the outer periphery of the multilayer material NW before pressurization in the case of implementing this invention is the frame 20 and You can also The frame 20 as the movement restriction of the outer periphery of the pre-pressurized multilayer material NW is determined as a structure that can move up and down or a fixed structure depending on the dimensions of the upper press panel 10A.

Here, the oil palm material W to be laminated may be laminated with the same fiber direction, or may be laminated with the fiber directions orthogonal to each other.
When laminated with the same fiber direction, the wood fibers softened in the consolidation process are easily entangled with the other wood surface layer fibers of the same fiber direction adjacent to the lamination direction (longitudinal direction), The wood fixed in the intertwined state is firmly joined. In addition, since the expansion rate and contraction rate of the joint surface can be made completely equal, no stress is applied to the joint surface even if the ambient environment conditions change. Therefore, the bonding strength is high and the mechanical strength is high, and a stable dimensional shape after consolidation is ensured.

On the other hand, when laminated with the fiber directions orthogonal to each other, even if expansion and contraction force occurs due to changes in the surrounding environmental conditions after consolidation, the woods interact with each other to prevent warping deformation in a specific direction Is done.
In particular, when the total number of sheets is an odd number, when laminated with the fiber directions orthogonal to each other, the fiber direction of the single plate is parallel and the cross section is symmetric on the front and back, so distortion due to changes in ambient environmental conditions is prevented. The In addition, when the total number of sheets is an even number of four or more, the fiber directions on the front and back sides are laminated by laminating the fiber directions at the same part in the inside and laminating the other with the fiber directions orthogonal to each other. It is possible to prevent distortion and the like due to changes in the ambient environmental conditions.

  In addition, in the oil palm material W to be laminated, the surfaces cut in parallel to the fibers and the tree core side surfaces, or the surfaces cut in parallel to the fibers and the bark side surfaces are laminated to face each other. Is preferred. The warp deformation in a specific direction due to the difference in cell density between the bark side surface and the bark side surface can be prevented by causing the bark side surfaces of each other or the bark side surfaces of each other to face each other and being joined by consolidation.

  Furthermore, among the laminated plywood PW as the dried oil palm compacted material, it is preferable that materials having a small air-drying specific gravity after drying are arranged on the front and back and laminated. As a result, wood having a small air-drying specific gravity after drying is disposed on the front and back layers in contact with the upper press platen 10A and the lower press platen 10B, and compaction processing is performed. Therefore, the air-drying specific gravity after drying is small. The wood is sufficiently heated and compressed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B to reduce the difference in specific gravity between the woods, and the difference in the rate of dimensional change after production. Therefore, the stability of the dimensional shape after commercialization increases.

Next, as shown in FIG. 11, the upper press panel 10A is applied with a predetermined pressure (for example, 0.05 to 0.05) against the plurality of stacked multi-layered pre-pressing materials NW placed on the fixed-side lower press panel 10B. 0.3 MPa), and brought into contact with the upper surface of the laminated pre-pressing multilayer material NW, that is, a plane perpendicular to the fiber length direction.
Then, at the beginning of the compacting process, first, heating in the heating process (step S46) is started, and the valve V1, valve V2, and valve V3 (FIG. 10) are opened, and the piping 15 of the upper press panel 10A from the boiler device (not shown). And the water vapor for heating is passed through the pipe line 16 of the lower press panel 10B, the interior space IS and the positioning hole 18 are maintained at a predetermined heating temperature, and the laminated multilayer material NW before pressurization is heated.

  Here, it is preferable that the heating temperature in the heating process in the initial stage of compression is in the range of 110 ° C to 160 ° C. If the heating temperature is too low, sufficient compacting will not be achieved, resulting in insufficient strength, poor bonding between wood, and dimensional shape deformation due to hygroscopic drying after product production, while the heating temperature is too high. The surface may be carbonized to change to black and the color tone or scent peculiar to wood may be impaired, or the material may deteriorate and the strength may be lowered and become brittle. According to the experiments by the present inventors, it has been found that an appropriate temperature condition is in the range of 110 ° C to 160 ° C. By using this temperature condition, it is possible to prevent improper fixing in the compacting process, and material deterioration such as surface carbonization and lowering of material strength. More preferably, the heating temperature in the heating step in the initial stage of compression is in the range of 120 ° C to 140 ° C. The specific set temperature is set according to the moisture content of the oil palm material W and the like.

  Subsequently, in the compression step of step S47, the compression pressure of the upper press board 10A is set to a predetermined pressure with respect to the lower press board 10B on the fixed side, and the pre-pressing multilayer material NW becomes the upper press board 10A and the lower press board. It is heated and compressed at 10B for a predetermined time. At this time, as shown in FIG. 11 (c), when the peripheral edge portion 10a of the upper press board 10A comes into contact with the peripheral edge part 10b of the lower press board 10B, the seal member 11 disposed on the peripheral edge part 10a of the upper press board 10A. As a result, the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are sealed.

  Thus, by heating and compressing by surface contact of the press panel, in particular, by applying pressure after heating to the heating temperature, even when warp deformation during drying occurs in the multilayer material NW before pressurization, Flattening can be achieved without causing cracks, cracks, etc., and heat compression can be performed efficiently. Furthermore, while the multilayer material NW before pressurization is heated and compressed and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are kept in a sealed state, the water vapor originally contained in the multilayer material NW before pressurization becomes the vapor pressure. Thus, the dried wood DW can be freely diffused and discharged through the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18, so that the entire thickness is efficiently and uniformly heated and compressed.

  Here, the predetermined pressure for compressing the multilayer material NW before pressurization is preferably in the range of 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa. If the pressure is too low, immobilization will be poor in the compacting process, while if the pressure is too high, cracks may occur on the surface. According to the experiments by the present inventors, suitable pressure conditions are in the range of 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa. By adopting this pressurizing condition, it is possible to prevent immobilization defects and occurrence of cracks in consolidation. More preferably, it is in the range of 1 MPa to 5 MPa.

  In addition, when the compression speed at this time is high, water vapor and air in the multilayer material NW before pressurization are difficult to escape, and the pressure acting on the multilayer material NW before pressurization increases, so that cracks occur, There is a risk of internal cracking due to insufficient softening of wood. On the other hand, when the compression speed is low, the load on the surface in contact with the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B is increased, and cracks or the like may occur. Therefore, it is desirable that the compression pressure at this time be gradually increased according to the temperature transmission state inside the pre-pressurized multilayer material NW.

  Furthermore, according to the experiments by the present inventors, it is preferable that the time for heating and compressing be in the range of 10 minutes to 40 minutes. This time condition can prevent subsequent immobilization due to the treatment time being too short and carbonization of the surface due to the treatment time being too long. More preferably, the predetermined time during compression is in the range of 20 minutes to 30 minutes. In addition, it is preferable to set also the time of this heat compression considering the transmission state (time) of the temperature inside the multilayer material NW before pressurization.

  Note that the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B of the press board 10 are hermetically sealed via the seal member 11, and the vertical direction of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is as follows. The dimension interval is set to the finished dimension in the thickness direction when the plurality of laminated multi-layered pre-pressurized materials NW are consolidated into a laminated plywood PW having an air-dry specific gravity of 0.8 or more. For this reason, the compression ratio of the entire thickness of the laminated multilayer material NW before pressurization, that is, the change in the plate thickness due to the compression of the plurality of laminated multilayer materials NW before pressurization is the peripheral portion 10a of the upper press panel 10A. Is determined by contacting the peripheral edge portion 10b of the lower press panel 10B.

  Next, the predetermined compression pressure (preferably within the range of 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa) is maintained by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B in a sealed state of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 shown in FIG. The temperature is raised to a specific heating temperature by the piping 15 of the upper press panel 10A and the piping 16 of the lower pressing panel 10B, and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are maintained at the predetermined heating temperature for a predetermined time. . At this time, a high-temperature and high-pressure vapor pressure is generated between the surrounding surface of the pre-pressurized multilayer material NW and the inside thereof through the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 which are sealed by the upper press platen 11 and the lower press platen 21. You can go in and out.

  Then, when the heat compression process is performed with the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 sealed, the vapor pressure control process detects the vapor pressure of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 with the pressure gauge P2. As shown in (d), the vapor pressure of the second heating temperature is supplied to the internal space IS through the pipe 12 and the pipe port 12a connected to the valve V4, or the valve V5 is appropriately opened and closed. Then, high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor is discharged from the internal space IS to the drain pipe 14 side through the pipe port 13a and the pipe 13, whereby the vapor pressure of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is controlled to a predetermined value.

  Thus, the wood is heated and compressed by controlling the vapor pressure of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18. That is, the entire surface of the multilayer NW before pressurization is made uniform with the same temperature, pressure, and vapor pressure as the interior space IS and the positioning hole 18 in the peripheral surface of the wood and the interior thereof, so that processing distortion does not occur and molding is performed. The contraction and expansion due to the subsequent restoring force and changes in ambient environmental conditions are significantly suppressed. In particular, by controlling the vapor pressure by discharging or introducing water vapor while maintaining a predetermined pressure state, the surface is prevented from being carbonized, uniformly heated and compressed, and further, the surface is prevented from drying. Smooth fixation is achieved, and recovery, return, deformation, etc. after molding are suppressed.

  Here, it is preferable that the final heating temperature for maintaining the heating and compression state for compaction is in the range of 120 ° C to 210 ° C. If the heating temperature is too low, the immobilization becomes sweet and chemical changes due to the action of water vapor cannot be caused sufficiently, resulting in improper immobilization, which tends to occur due to moisture absorption or deformation due to drying, while the heating temperature is high. If it is too much, the surface may be carbonized to change to black, and the color tone or scent peculiar to wood may be impaired, or the material may deteriorate and the strength may be lowered and become brittle. According to our experiments, suitable temperature conditions are in the range of 120 ° C to 210 ° C. By setting this temperature condition, it is possible to prevent immobilization failure in the compacting process, maintain dimensional shape stability, and prevent material deterioration such as surface carbonization and material strength reduction. More preferably, the heating temperature is in the range of 120 ° C to 140 ° C.

  Further, according to the experimental study by the present inventors, the compression time immediately before immobilization is preferably in the range of 10 minutes to 120 minutes. By this time condition, it is possible to prevent immobilization failure due to the treatment time being too short and carbonization of the surface due to the treatment time being too long. More preferably, the predetermined time is in the range of 30 minutes to 90 minutes. The specific set time for performing the heating / compression process immediately before the immobilization is set in consideration of the moisture content of the multilayer material NW before pressurization.

  Incidentally, the start of the vapor pressure control in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 in the sealed state due to the introduction or discharge of water vapor is performed after the temperature of the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B reaches a specific heating temperature. It is desirable to be done. If it does in this way, water vapor can osmose | permeate in the multilayer material NW before pressurization, and, thereby, can cause the chemical change of the oil palm material W enough, As a result, the oil palm material W is fully and uniformly fixed. Therefore, there is little return due to moisture absorption, deformation due to drying, and the like. That is, when the introduction of water vapor in the closed internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is started before the temperatures of the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B reach a specific heating temperature, the water vapor is condensed. The interior space IS and the positioning hole 18 in the sealed state are filled with water, and the moisture content of the wood increases, and as a result, return due to moisture absorption, deformation due to drying, and the like are likely to occur.

Further, even when the discharge of water vapor in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 in the sealed state is started before the temperatures of the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B reach the second heating temperature, the water content of the outer layer portion is also increased. The excess internal space IS based on the rate and the moisture in the positioning hole 18 are difficult to be removed, and the moisture content of the wood increases, so that return due to moisture absorption, deformation due to drying, and the like are likely to occur.
In addition, it is preferable to end the vapor pressure control before starting the cooling described later. If the vapor pressure control is not finished before starting the cooling described later, the cooling processing efficiency is lowered.

  Further, when steam is introduced into the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 in a sealed state to control the vapor pressure, the temperature of the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B reaches a specific heating temperature. It is preferable to introduce water vapor pressure and temperature equal to or higher than the water vapor pressure and temperature in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18. When the pressure and temperature of the introduced water vapor are lower than the water pressure and temperature in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18, the water is condensed and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 in a sealed state are filled with water. As a result, the moisture content of the oil palm material W increases, and as a result, return due to moisture absorption, deformation due to drying, and the like easily occur. In addition, in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 in a sealed state, when excess moisture based on the moisture content of the outer layer portion of the multilayer material NW before pressurization exists, the high temperature in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 By appropriately discharging high-pressure water vapor, the pressure is adjusted to a predetermined vapor pressure.

Subsequently, the immobilization process in step S49 is performed while the valve V11 is maintained at the same predetermined pressure (preferably within the range of 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa) as the pressure in the heating process in step S46 and the compression process in step S47. , The valve V12 and the valve V13 (FIG. 8) are opened, and normal temperature cooling water is passed from the boiler device (not shown) through the piping 15 of the upper press panel 10A and the piping 16 of the lower press panel 10B. As shown in e), the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are cooled to around room temperature and held for a predetermined time (for example, 10 to 120 [min]).
Finally, the pressure is released in the fixing step of step S49, and as shown in FIG. 11 (f), the upper press disk 10A is gradually raised and separated from the fixed lower press disk 10B. The pressure and the sealed state are released, and the laminated plywood PW as a finished product is taken out from the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 to complete a series of processing steps.

  Thus, the fixing in the compacted state is stabilized by cooling under the pressure state in which no deformation occurs. And after cooling in a pressurized state, by releasing the pressurization, that is, by lowering the water vapor pressure in the multilayer material NW before pressurization by cooling, gradually releasing the pressure to release the internal vapor pressure Thus, the laminated plywood PW can be formed as an oil palm compacted material that can liquefy and remove excess water vapor and does not swell, deform, crack, or break (puncture) when cooling and compression are released. That is, according to the laminated plywood PW as the oil palm compacted material of the present embodiment, stable quality is ensured without causing bulging deformation, cracking, destruction, etc. after the compression release.

  In this way, the entire thickness of the laminated multilayer material NW before pressurization is heated and compressed by an external force applied in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the fibers of the laminated multilayer material NW before pressurization. A laminated plywood PW as an oil palm compact with a dry specific gravity of 0.8 or more is produced. And the laminated plywood PW obtained in this way is firmly joined to each other by consolidation. This is because cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are hydrogen-bonded by compaction processing, and especially the palm of an oil palm contains many sugars, lignin, plastic components, etc., and these components are decomposed and softened by compaction processing. It functions as a binder by being recrystallized and re-bonded after moving between woods, and further, the fibers of the surface layer of the oil palm material W are softened by the consolidation process, and the wood is adjacent in the stacking direction. It is considered that the woods are firmly joined by being intertwined with the fibers.

As described above, according to the laminated plywood PW as the oil palm compacted material of the present embodiment, the woods are joined together without using an artificial adhesive that is anxious about the environmental load due to formaldehyde or the like or a high-cost natural adhesive. Therefore, it is environmentally friendly and can reduce costs.
In addition, when the oil palm material W is joined by using an adhesive, it is common to apply the adhesive and then to press the adhesive to cure the adhesive. While the tightening process is necessary, according to the laminated plywood PW according to the present embodiment, the wood is joined without using an adhesive by the compacting process, so that the separate joining process is unnecessary. The manufacturing process can be simplified.

And the laminated plywood PW as the oil palm compact material thus obtained is compacted to reduce the gap of the oil palm material W, and the lignin, hemicellulose, etc. constituting the cell wall are softened / Degradation, recombination and recrystallization increase cell density, complement the disadvantages of oil palm material W, which is low in specific gravity, low in strength and easy to deform, ensuring high strength and stable dimensional shape. In particular, the entire thickness of the laminated oil palm material W is uniformly compressed by carrying out the consolidation process so that the air-dry specific gravity is 0.8 or more, the properties of the oil palm material W are changed, and the hardness and the like are remarkable. In addition, there is less variation in physical properties and characteristic values such as hardness, and there is also little variation in expansion rate and drying rate due to changes in ambient environmental conditions, so that deformation and the like can be suppressed, thereby improving dimensional shape stability. Increase.
Therefore, the physical properties are stable, the quality between products is small, and the commercial value is high. Furthermore, it is consolidated in a state where a plurality of dried oil palm materials W are stacked, and the expansion rate and contraction rate due to changes in ambient environmental conditions are substantially uniform on the bonding surface, so that stable bonding is maintained. In addition, a stable dimensional shape is ensured without causing distortion, deformation, cracks, and the like due to stress applied to the joint surface due to changes in ambient environmental conditions.

In particular, when the oil palm material W is laminated with the same fiber direction, the fibers of the surface layer softened in the consolidation process are easily entangled with the wood fibers of the tree surface layer that are adjacent in the vertical direction with the same fiber direction. The oil palm material W fixed in the entangled state is firmly joined. In addition, since the expansion rate and contraction rate at the joint surface can be made completely equal, no stress is applied to the joint surface when the ambient environmental conditions change. Therefore, the bonding strength is high, the mechanical strength is also high, and high dimensional shape stability is ensured.
On the other hand, when the multilayered material NW before pressurization is laminated with the fiber directions orthogonal to each other, even if expansion and contraction force is generated due to changes in the surrounding environmental conditions after the consolidation process, the mutual woods interact with each other and specify Directional warpage deformation is prevented. In particular, when the total number of sheets is an odd number, when laminated with the fiber directions orthogonal to each other, the fiber direction of the single plate is parallel and the cross section is symmetric on the front and back, preventing distortion due to changes in ambient environmental conditions, etc. Is done.
If the total number of sheets is an even number, the same fiber direction is laminated in a part of the inside, and the others are laminated with the fiber directions orthogonal to each other, so that the front and back fiber directions are aligned and the ambient environmental conditions It is possible to prevent distortion and the like due to the change of.

And the laminated plywood PW as the oil palm compact material of the present embodiment is densified by compaction processing on the front and back surfaces that are compressed surfaces, and the fibers of the oil palm material W are entangled and fixed, and environmental load Even if it does not use an artificial adhesive or a high-cost natural adhesive that is a concern, it is difficult to peel off from the outer surface, and the surface quality is good. That is, since peeling from the surface of the fiber can be suppressed without using an artificial adhesive or a natural adhesive having a high cost, it is environmentally friendly and the cost can be reduced.
Furthermore, since the entire thickness is plastically processed, even if a large chamfering process or curved surface process is performed on the ridgeline on the thickness side surface, the material strength with high hardness is ensured at the end surface.

By the way, even when oil palm material W near the soft core with a high moisture content is used, the strength can be increased by compaction processing, or by performing temperature and compression control in compaction processing, Excess water can be discharged, and the water vapor pressure inside the multilayer material NW before pressurization is uniformly and suitably adjusted, so that bulge deformation after compression processing is also suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to form the laminated plywood PW as an oil palm compacted material having sufficient strength and stable dimensional shape. Therefore, effective utilization of the whole trunk of oil palm can be aimed at.
In particular, in the dried oil palm material W, when the air-drying specific gravity after drying is arranged and stacked on the front and back, the front and back layers that are in contact with the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B as described above. Since a material having a small air-dry specific gravity after drying is disposed and compaction processing is performed, sufficient heat compression is performed by the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B in the material having a small air-dry specific gravity after drying. Thus, the difference in specific gravity between the woods is reduced, and the difference in the dimensional change rate after commercialization is also reduced. Therefore, the stability of the dimensional shape after commercialization increases.

  As described above, the laminated plywood PW as the oil palm compacting material of the present embodiment is peeled off as the oil palm material W, which is originally a soft oil palm tree having a high moisture content, and then dried, and a plurality of layers are laminated and compacted. As a result, the strength and hardness of the entire plate thickness as well as the surface are greatly improved, and a wide range of applications such as flooring materials, waistboard materials, indoor furniture materials, and housing exterior materials that are used after surface coating are expected. In particular, since the surface hardness is increased by compaction processing and sufficient strength and hardness can be ensured even if the thickness is small, the thickness can be reduced in commercialization.

A frame 20 shown in FIG. 12 is a modification of the embodiment and has a structure that can move up and down. The frame 20 is arranged on the lower press panel 10B of FIGS. 10 and 11, and includes a positioning hole. 18 is an alternative.
An outer lower press disk 10Ba and an inner lower press disk 10Bb having the same height are disposed on the base plate 25 of the lower press disk 10B, and a frame groove 21 is formed therebetween. A plurality of coil springs 22 are disposed on the base plate 25 side of the frame body groove 21, and a square movable frame 23 is disposed above the coil springs 22. A cutout is formed on the inner surface of the movable frame 23 to form a fluid path 24 that guides fluid such as water vapor from the side surface of the pre-pressurized multilayer material NW. The inner periphery of the square movable frame 23 is substantially equal to the outer periphery of the multilayer material NW before pressurization, and if the multilayer material NW before pressurization enters the square movable frame 23, the oil palm material W will not be displaced. It has become.

  Therefore, when the upper press board 10A is lowered, even if it has a width larger than the size of the lower press board 10B, when the upper press board 10A comes into contact with the movable frame 23, the movable frame 23 becomes elastic to the plurality of coil springs 22. It descends against it and responds to the compression of the multilayer material NW before pressurization. Then, the compression of the pre-pressurized multilayer material NW is completed at the movement limit of the plurality of coil springs 22. Of course, when the upper press board 10A is inserted into the movable frame 23 of the lower press board 10B, the movable frame 23 can be fixedly arranged on the lower press board 10B. That is, the movable frame 23 of the lower press panel 10B can be fixed and compressed by the upper press panel 10A inserted into the movable frame 23.

  Thus, the thickness of the oil palm material W is heated and compressed by the external force applied in the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the fibers of the oil palm material W, and the whole is compacted to a compression rate of 60% or more. The laminated plywood PW is manufactured. At this time, the expansion in the direction parallel to the plane of the oil palm material W is restricted by the movable frame 23 by the compressive force in the thickness direction of the oil palm material W, and does not extend.

  The apparatus for manufacturing an oil palm compacted material according to the above-described embodiment, which includes the compacted material manufacturing apparatus 300, is a tool CT or a saw like a rotary lace, which is a predetermined width, thickness, and length from the oil palm trunk WD. And the like, and the heat palms N1,..., Nn are heated from both sides of the oil palm material W cut out by the cutting means, and the center temperature of the oil palm material W is set to the oil palm material W. , Nn for applying compressive force to the oil palm material W with the hot plates N1,..., Nn under the temperature condition lower than the temperature of both sides of After supplying heat and pressure for a predetermined time in step S46 and step S47 by the plate heating and compression means, the surface temperatures of the hot plates N1,..., Nn on both sides of the oil palm material W are reduced to a predetermined temperature. At least one surface parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD of the oil palm material W by the hot plate cooling / decompressing means in step S49 to step S51. The end portion D and end portion E, the end portion D ′ and the end portion E ′ of the vascular bundle K are not exposed.

  The apparatus for manufacturing an oil palm compacted material according to the above embodiment cuts out the oil palm material W with a predetermined width, thickness, and length from the oil palm trunk WD, and heat plates N1 from both sides of the cut out oil palm material W. ,..., Nn, and softening both sides of the oil palm material W, the oil palm under a temperature condition in which the center temperature of the oil palm material W is lower than the temperatures of both sides of the oil palm material W After applying compressive force to the material W with the hot plates N1,..., Nn and supplying heat and pressure for a predetermined time by the hot plate heating and compressing means comprising the steps S43 to S48, the heat on both sides of the oil palm material W is supplied. The surface temperature of the plates N1,..., Nn is lowered to a predetermined temperature and cooled and decompressed, and the oil palm trunk WD is disposed on at least one surface parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD of the oil palm material W. Substantially spiral End of the building vascular K is one that is displaced so as not to be exposed from the oil palm material W.

Therefore, since at least one surface of the oil palm material W parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD has a surface where the sharp cut opening of the vascular bundle K is difficult to be exposed, the sharp cut opening of the vascular bundle is further increased. Can be prevented from being exposed.
In particular, since the sharp cut end of the vascular bundle K is not exposed on the exposed plane of the oil palm compacted material, the vascular bundle K of the oil palm material W is destroyed and no surface is raised. Even if it is used as a surface, it does not pierce people or damage objects. In addition, an unpleasant phenomenon that a hairball of an animal or the like is caught on the back and a hairball is formed does not occur. In particular, in the present invention, a predetermined oil palm material W is cut out from the oil palm trunk WD, heated from both sides of the cut out oil palm material W with hot plates N1, ..., Nn, and the oil palm material Water vapor is supplied to both sides of W and softened by heat and water vapor, and a sharp cut end of the vascular bundle K is embedded in the oil palm material W.
Therefore, without discarding the oil palm trunk WD, using the components inherent in the oil palm to increase the mechanical strength, while winding spirally around the oil palm trunk WD upward It can be set as the manufacturing apparatus of the oil palm compacting material in which the vascular bundle K which extends to the surface is not exposed to the design surface.

  The oil palm compacted material of the above-described embodiment manufactured by the compacted material manufacturing apparatus 300 includes the oil palm material W cut out from the oil palm trunk WD with a predetermined width, thickness, and length, and both sides of the oil palm material W. , Nn, and a predetermined compressive force is applied under a temperature condition in which the center temperature of the oil palm material W is lower than the temperatures of both sides of the oil palm material W, and heat for a predetermined time. After the pressure is applied, the surface temperature on both sides of the oil palm material W is lowered to a predetermined temperature to release the pressure, and at least one surface parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD of the oil palm material W has oil on The end portion of the vascular bundle K extending substantially spirally from the palm trunk WD is prevented from being exposed from the oil palm material W.

  Therefore, since at least one surface of the oil palm material W parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD has a surface where the sharp cut end of the vascular bundle K is difficult to be exposed, the vascular bundle K is further sharply cut. It is possible to prevent the mouth from being exposed. In particular, since the cut end of the vascular bundle K is not exposed on the exposed plane of the oil palm compacted material, the vascular bundle K of the oil palm material W is destroyed and the surface is crushed or used as a design surface. No thorns are pierced or people are damaged. In addition, it does not occur that the hair of an animal or the like is caught on its back and a hairball is formed.

In particular, in the present invention, a predetermined oil palm material W is cut out from the oil palm trunk WD, heated from both sides of the cut out oil palm material W with hot plates N1, ..., Nn, and the oil palm material Water vapor is supplied to both sides of W and softened by heat and water vapor, and the end portion of the vascular bundle K is embedded in the oil palm material W.
Therefore, without discarding the oil palm trunk WD, using the components inherent in the oil palm to increase the mechanical strength, while winding spirally around the oil palm trunk WD upward Thus, an oil palm compacted material in which the vascular bundle K extending to the surface is not exposed on the plate surface is obtained.

  The oil palm compacted material of the above embodiment manufactured by the compacted material manufacturing apparatus 300 softens the oil palm material W by supplying water vapor to the oil palm material W during heating by the hot plates N1,. It is a thing. Since the oil palm material W is heated by the hot plates N1,..., Nn, the oil palm material W is softened by supplying water vapor, and the oil palm material W is softened. Since the cut end of the vascular bundle K is not exposed on the exposed plane of the material, the vascular bundle K of the oil palm material W is destroyed, the surface is crushed, and even if it is used as a design surface, a person may have thorns. , Will not scratch things. In addition, it does not occur that the hair of an animal or the like is caught on its back and a hairball is formed.

Even if the oil palm compacted material of the above-described embodiment manufactured by the compacted material manufacturing apparatus 300 is polished 1/10 mm from the outer surface, it does not stand up.
Since at least one surface parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD of the oil palm material W of the oil palm compacted material does not flutter even if it is polished by 1/10 mm from its outer surface, Since this indicates that the embedded portion of the end portion is not deeply exposed, the cut end of the vascular bundle K is not exposed on the exposed plane of the oil palm compacted material, so that the vascular bundle K of the oil palm material W is destroyed. Even if it is used as a design surface, it does not pierce a person with spines or damage an object. In addition, it does not occur that the hair of an animal or the like is caught on its back and a hairball is formed.

  The manufacturing method of the oil palm compacted material according to the above-described embodiment including the compacted material manufacturing apparatus 300 is to cut the oil palm material W with a predetermined width, thickness and length from the oil palm trunk WD with a blade CT or saw like a rotary race. The cutting process of cutting out by cutting with lumber and the like, and heating with heat plates N1,..., Nn from both sides of the oil palm material W cut out in the cutting process, the center temperature of the oil palm material W is the oil palm material W The hot plate heating and compression process consisting of steps S43 to S48 for applying a compressive force to the oil palm material W under a temperature condition lower than the temperature of both sides of the surface, and heat and pressure for a predetermined time in the hot plate heating and compression process After the application, a hot plate cooling / decompressing step comprising steps S49 to S51 in which the surface temperature on both sides of the oil palm material is lowered to a predetermined temperature and cooled and decompressed. And Bei, by the heat plate heat compression step, in which the ends of the vascular K extending oil palm stem WD substantially helically was prevented from being exposed from the plate surface.

  Therefore, since at least one surface of the oil palm material W parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk WD has a surface where the sharp cut end of the vascular bundle K is difficult to be exposed, the vascular bundle K is further sharply cut. It is possible to prevent the mouth from being exposed. In particular, since the cut end of the vascular bundle K is not exposed on the exposed plane of the oil palm compacted material, the vascular bundle K of the oil palm material W is destroyed and the surface is crushed or used as a design surface. No thorns are pierced or people are damaged. In addition, it does not occur that the hair of an animal or the like is caught on its back and a hairball is formed.

In particular, in the present invention, a predetermined oil palm material W is cut out from the oil palm trunk WD, heated from both sides of the cut out oil palm material W with hot plates N1, ..., Nn, and the oil palm material Water vapor is supplied to both sides of W and softened by heat and water vapor, and the end portion of the vascular bundle K is embedded in the oil palm material W.
Therefore, without discarding the oil palm trunk WD, using the components that oil palm originally has, increase the mechanical strength, while spirally wound around the oil palm trunk WD A method for producing an oil palm compacted material in which the vascular bundle K extending upward is not exposed on the plate surface can be provided.

  In this embodiment, after the vapor pressure is controlled, the pressure is gradually released to release the internal vapor pressure, and the water vapor pressure in the pre-pressurized multilayer material NW is lowered and fixed by cooling. When the compression is released, a laminated plywood PW having no surface deformation called bulging deformation or puncture can be formed. That is, the laminated plywood PW as the oil palm compact manufactured in the present embodiment does not cause bulging deformation and surface cracks after being released from compression, and stable quality is ensured. In the present embodiment, the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are compressed and fixed to obtain the laminated plywood PW. However, in the case of carrying out the present invention, a microwave used by a normal microwave oven is used. Even if the multilayer material NW before pressurization is heated and compressed by fixing at a high frequency slightly lower than the wave frequency band and fixed, a laminated plywood PW as an oil palm compact can be obtained.

  Since this oil palm trunk WD has no nodes and no annual rings, when the oil palm material W is created by peeling off from the outer periphery to a predetermined thickness by a rotary race, a uniform oil palm material W is obtained. As a result, the oil palm material is obtained. The laminated plywood PW made of W is homogeneous. Moreover, since the joining force is changed by the resin component and sugar component contained in the oil palm trunk WD itself depending on the applied temperature and pressure, an arbitrary adhesive force can be obtained by controlling the applied temperature and pressure. And in what forms the laminated plywood PW by joining a plurality of oil palm materials W with a resin component and a sugar component contained in the oil palm trunk WD itself, other synthetic resins and synthetic rubbers are used as adhesives. Because it is not, it can be returned to nature and does not cause pollution problems.

Furthermore, since the oil palm trunk WD itself contains a resin component such as lignin and the compressive force when joined by the action of sugars such as cellulose and hemicellulose, the oil palm material W is almost free of voids and becomes a dense structure. It is water-resistant and has excellent waterproofing and insect-proofing properties, and even if used as a building material, it has a long service life.
In particular, hemicellulose has a function of binding lignin and cellulose, and it is unclear how much they interfere with each other when the oil palm trunk WD is naturally cultivated. However, it was confirmed that by raising the temperature to a predetermined temperature, for example, 80 ° C. or more of the reaction start temperature of lignin, the reaction start temperature of hemicellulose was 60 ° C. or more, and they reacted with each other to become firm characteristics.

The laminated plywood PW as the oil palm compact material of the above embodiment is formed by peeling a predetermined length of the oil palm trunk WD from the outer periphery to a predetermined thickness while rotating the oil palm trunk WD in the circumferential direction, and compacting it. Two or more oil palm materials W each having a thickness of 1 mm or more and a lauan trunk, a Chinese trunk, or a coniferous trunk having a predetermined length are peeled from the outer periphery to a predetermined thickness while rotating in the circumferential direction. Are arranged and joined together.
Therefore, since the oil palm material W is at least consolidated, when the resin component and sugar component contained in the oil palm material W are insufficient, the desired oil palm is obtained by adding an adhesive to the objects to be joined together. A laminated plywood PW as a consolidation material is manufactured. Therefore, since the adhesive is used when the resin component and the sugar component contained in the oil palm material W are insufficient, the use of the formaldehyde-based adhesive that causes sick house syndrome is suppressed, A laminated plywood PW utilizing the components it has is obtained.

Two or more oil palm materials W arranged facing the oil palm material W compacted as the oil palm compaction material of the above-mentioned embodiment and joined together, and lauan boards, sina boards, softwood boards, etc. The laminated plywood PW that is integrally bonded to any one or more of the plate materials can be integrally bonded by using the resin component and the sugar component contained in the oil palm material W for the bonding, compressing and fixing them.
Therefore, since two or more oil palm materials W are laminated plywood PW and can be integrally joined using a resin component and a sugar component contained in the oil palm material W, use of a formaldehyde adhesive that causes sick house syndrome is used. A laminated plywood PW using the components inherently held by the oil palm trunk WD is obtained.

Resin which oil palm material W contains in joining of two or more oil palm materials W which are arranged facing oil palm material W consolidated as oil palm compaction material of the above-mentioned embodiment, and are joined together. In addition to the resin component and sugar component contained in the oil palm material W, other adhesives are used as the component and sugar component on the joint surface that is integrally joined to any two or more of lauan plank, china plate or coniferous plank. In the case where the agent is added, the resin component and the sugar component contained in the oil palm material W are used, and further, one or more of the lauan plate, the Chinese thin plate or the softwood plate can be firmly joined. Therefore, the use of a formaldehyde adhesive that causes sick house syndrome is suppressed, and a laminated plywood PW using components inherently possessed by oil palm is obtained.
In particular, by reducing the number of lauan boards than the number of oil palm materials W, the use of formaldehyde-based adhesives that cause sick house syndrome is suppressed to ½ or less, at least compared to conventional laminated plywood. Can do.

Further, in the step of heating to raise the temperature of the oil palm material W laminated after the laminating step, the step of introducing water vapor or electric heat and heating or heating with a hot plate is because the heating energy is supplied. It can be. Furthermore, the step of applying a compressive force in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the oil palm material W to the laminated oil palm material W heated by the heating step is compression of the oil palm material W at a predetermined compression rate. That is, it is only necessary to compress the multilayer material NW before pressurization. This step can be a compression step.
In addition, after compressing for a predetermined time in the compression step, the temperature supplied in the heating step is lowered, the compression state of the laminated plywood PW as an oil palm compact is fixed, and compressed at a predetermined compression rate. The compression force is released, and this can be captured from the laminated plywood PW and used as an immobilization process.

  As described above, the laminated plywood PW as the oil palm compact material of the above-described embodiment is peeled off by the cutter CT from the outer periphery to the predetermined thickness with the rotary race while rotating the oil palm material W having a predetermined length in the circumferential direction. A plurality of sheets of oil palm material W in a predetermined state, a material forming step of step S40 formed on one sheet of oil palm material W, a drying step of step S41 for drying the oil palm material W, and a plurality of oil palm materials W dried in the drying step Laminating step S42 for laminating, heating step S46 for heating to raise the temperature of the laminated oil palm material W after the arranging step, and the laminated oil palm heated by the heating step While restricting the material W from extending in a direction parallel to the surface of the oil palm material W, it is perpendicular to the surface of the oil palm material W. A compression process in step S47 for compressing for a predetermined time by applying a compressive force, and a fixing process in step S49 for lowering and fixing the temperature supplied in the heating process after pressing for a predetermined time in the compression process. To do.

  Therefore, since the oil palm trunk WD used in these steps has no nodes and no annual rings, when the oil palm material W is created by peeling off from the outer periphery to a predetermined thickness with a rotary race, a homogeneous oil palm material W is obtained, As a result, the laminated plywood PW made of the oil palm material W becomes homogeneous. In addition, since the bonding force can be changed by the action of resin components such as lignin contained in the oil palm trunk WD itself and sugars such as cellulose and hemicellulose, depending on the applied temperature and compressive force, the control of the applied temperature and compressive force is possible. Arbitrary adhesive strength can be obtained. Since a plurality of oil palm materials W are joined by the action of resin components such as lignin contained in the oil palm trunk WD itself and sugars such as cellulose and hemicellulose, the laminated plywood PW is formed. Since resin and synthetic rubber are not used as adhesives, they can be returned to nature without causing pollution problems. Furthermore, since the oil palm trunk WD itself contains a resin component such as lignin and the compressive force when joined by the action of sugars such as cellulose and hemicellulose, the oil palm material W is almost free of voids and becomes a dense structure. It is water-resistant and has excellent waterproofing and insect-proofing properties, and even if used as a building material, it has a long service life.

  Since the moisture content after drying of the oil palm material W of the present embodiment is in the range of 10% to 30%, cracks, deformation, swelling, rupture and the like are prevented. Therefore, more stable dimensional shape is ensured and the yield is high. Moreover, when the moisture content is in a dry state within a range of 10% to 30%, it is also suitable for joining with a lauan board, a Chinese board, a coniferous board, and the like.

  Since the laminating step of laminating a plurality of the oil palm materials W has the same fiber direction and the same fiber direction, the original trunk length direction. The fibers softened in the consolidation process are easily entangled with other fibers adjacent to each other in the lamination direction, and are fixed in the entangled state. That is, the fibers are entangled with each other by the consolidation process, and the bonding strength is increased. Therefore, the mechanical strength is high, and a stable dimensional shape after consolidation is ensured. Furthermore, by laminating the fibers in the same fiber direction, the expansion rate and contraction rate at the joint surface can be made completely the same, and the dimensional shape stability is higher without applying stress. .

  The oil palm material laminating process is such that the fiber directions are perpendicular to each other, so that even if expansion and contraction force occurs due to changes in the ambient environmental conditions after consolidation, the fibers interact with each other. As a result, warpage deformation in a specific direction is prevented, a good balance is achieved, and dimensional shape stability is improved.

  Since the drying step of step S41 is to dry the moisture content of the oil palm material W within the range of 10% to 30%, cracks, deformation, swelling, rupture, and the like are prevented. Therefore, more stable dimensional shape is ensured and the yield is high. Moreover, when the moisture content is in a dry state within the range of 10% to 30%, it is also suitable for joining with lauan wood, china wood, conifer wood and the like.

  Since the heating temperature in the heating process of step S46 is in the range of 110 ° C. to 170 ° C., immobilization failure in the consolidation process, poor bonding between wood, surface carbonization, reduction in material strength, etc. It is possible to prevent deterioration of the material. Moreover, when the heating temperature is in the range of 110 ° C. to 170 ° C., it is also suitable for joining with a lauan plate, a Chinese plate, a coniferous plate, or the like.

  Since the predetermined compression pressure in the compression process of step S47 is within the range of 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa, it is possible to prevent improper fixing, poor joining between woods, and occurrence of surface cracks in consolidation. Can do. It was confirmed that there was no problem in joining with Lauan board, China board, coniferous board, etc.

  Since the time required for the heating process in step S46 and the compression process in step S47 of the method for producing the laminated plywood as the oil palm compacted material is within a range of 10 minutes to 120 minutes, improper immobilization or wood in the compacting process It is possible to prevent the bonding failure between them and the carbonization of the surface. It has been confirmed by the inventors' experiment that there is no problem in joining with Lauan boards, Chinese boards, coniferous boards, and the like.

WD Oil palm trunk W, W1,..., W5 Oil palm material NW Multi-layer material before pressurization PW Laminated plywood as oil palm compaction material 10 Press panel 49 Pump 50 Storage chamber 100 Oil palm dryer 300 Production of compacted material apparatus

Claims (4)

Cutting out the oil palm material with a predetermined width, thickness, length from the oil palm trunk,
Heat is applied from both sides of the oil palm material cut out in the cutting step, and the compressive force is applied to the oil palm material under a temperature condition in which the center temperature of the oil palm material is lower than the temperature of both sides of the oil palm material. A hot plate heating and compressing step to impart,
After applying heat and pressure for a predetermined time in the hot plate heating and compression step, comprising a hot plate cooling and decompressing step of lowering the surface temperature of both sides of the oil palm material to a predetermined temperature and cooling and decompressing,
By the hot plate heating and compression step, the cut end of the vascular bundle extending substantially spirally in the oil palm trunk is embedded in the oil palm material, and parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk of the oil palm material. The method for producing a compacted material is characterized in that at least one exposed plane of the oil palm trunk is not exposed to a cut end of an end portion of a vascular bundle extending substantially spirally.   Surfaces on both sides of the oil palm material cut out from the oil palm trunk with a predetermined width, thickness, and length are heated by a hot plate, and the center temperature of the oil palm material is higher than the temperatures of both sides of the oil palm material. Since a predetermined compressive force is applied under a low temperature condition, the cut end of the vascular bundle extending substantially spirally through the oil palm trunk is embedded in the oil palm material, and the oil palm material A compacting material, wherein a cut end of an end portion of a vascular bundle extending substantially spirally from the oil palm trunk is not exposed on at least one exposed plane parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk. When heated by the hot plate, the oil palm material is softened by supplying water vapor to the oil palm material, so that the cut end at the end of the vascular bundle extending in a spiral manner is the oil palm material. The cut end of the end portion of the vascular bundle extending substantially spirally from the oil palm trunk is not exposed on at least one exposed plane of the oil palm material that is parallel to the length direction of the oil palm trunk of the oil palm material. The consolidated material according to claim 2 . 4. The compacted material according to claim 3, wherein the oil palm compacted material does not stand up even on the exposed flat surface polished by 1/10 mm from the outer surface thereof.

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