JP6076738B2 - ナノ構造の変形、破壊、および変換に基づくモニタリング装置およびモニタリング方法 - Google Patents
ナノ構造の変形、破壊、および変換に基づくモニタリング装置およびモニタリング方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、米国特許出願第12/478,232および当該出願で引用された米国仮特許出願の一部継続出願であり、これらの出願は全体として参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明はナノ構造の物理的破壊、化学的破壊、および生物学的破壊に基づくデバイスおよびこれに関連する方法に関する。本発明は、不安定な、反応性の高い、または破壊性のナノ構造を用いた有機、無機、有機金属および生体の化合物および作用因子への総曝露量を分析方法を用いてモニタリングすることにも関する。
米国特許出願第12/478,232号は、金属および微粒子(1〜50ミクロン)の薄層(10〜100nm)のエッチング(ナノ構造の破壊)に基づく特定の配合物およびデバイスを開示し、化学的および生物学的な作用因子の濃度をモニタリングおよび測定するためのいくつかの方法を含む。
したがって、本発明の目的は、この現象を利用して多様なデバイス、製品および方法を創出することである。本発明の目的は、また、(1)ナノ構造のサイズの減少を含む破壊、(2)ナノ構造のより高い反応性、(3)ナノ構造のサイズ変化時の特性の急速な変化、(4)不安定なナノ構造の使用などに基づくデバイス、製品、および方法を開発することでもある。
別途定義する場合を除き、本明細書で用いる技術的用語および科学的用語はすべて本発明が属する技術分野における通常の技術を有する人に一般に理解されるのと同じ意味を有する。本明細書で用いる専門用語は特定の実施形態のみを記述する目的ではなく、限定的であることを意図していない。
箱の中の粒子:強力な化学結合が存在する材料では、価電子の非局在化が広範囲にまで及ぶことができる。非局在化の程度は系のサイズによって変化しうる。構造もサイズによって変化する。サイズの減少に伴い(ドブロイ波長)、電子(および正孔)が閉じ込められる(「箱の中の粒子」)。電子−正孔ペア(励起子)は、半導体中のはるかに長波長の励起子(金属の0.5ナノメートルに対して1μm)のサイズの閉じ込めのために、N=10,000原子に対して生じる。そのため、より大きなナノ構造のサイズが例えばエッチングにより減少するにつれて、電子および正孔が、減少したサイズのナノ構造内に閉じ込められるであろう。そして特性の劇的変化を確認することができる。
金属化プラスチックフィルム(2ミルのポリエステルフィルム上の厚さ約3nmのアルミニウム層)をポリ酢酸ビニル(15g)のトリクロロ酢酸エチル(25g)溶液で被覆した。被覆層をもう一つの金属化プラスチックフィルムと貼り合わせた。このサンドイッチ構造の電気容量は16.4マイクロファラデーであった。キャパシタに400ラジアンの100KeVのX線を放射した。電気容量は6.1ナノファラデーへと変化し、約2時間後に金属化フィルムは透明となった。
金属化プラスチックフィルム(4ミルのポリエステルフィルム上の厚さ約10nmのアルミニウム層)を#3ギャップバー(gap bar)を用いてポリ酢酸ビニル(15g)のトリクロロ酢酸エチル(25g)溶液で被覆した。被覆層をセロファンフィルムと貼り合わせた。組立品を電位計/マルチメータに接続した。図25(a)に示すように、254nm 4ワットUVランプを数分間、5cmmの距離でフィルムに照射した。電気抵抗の変化をビデオカメラで記録した。抵抗は数時間のうちに0.56キロオームから21.6メガオームへと変化し、フィルムはほとんど透明になった(図25(b)参照)。
TTI(時間−温度指示体)デバイスを我々の米国特許出願第12/478,232号の実施例6の通りに製造した。電気抵抗の変化を室温でビデオカメラを用いて記録した。抵抗は約18時間後に4.2オームから18.4メガオームへと変化し、フィルムはほとんど透明となった。
0.5gの炭酸カリウムを2gの水に溶解させた。この溶液をポリビニルピロリドン(イソプロパノール100gおよびメチルエチルケトン50g中に33g)25g中に均質化しながら徐々に添加した。溶液を金属化プラスチックフィルム(2ミルのポリエステルフィルム上の厚さ約9nmのアルミニウム層)上に被覆し、90℃で15分間乾燥させた。乾燥フィルムのストリップ片を感圧性テープを用いて両端を切断封止し、湿度の拡散を防止/最小化した。該ストリップ片を電位系に接続した。周囲湿度(約30℃)および温度(25℃)下での電気抵抗の変化をビデオカメラを用いて記録した。抵抗は34分のうちに35.8オームから2.52メガオームへと変化し、フィルムはほとんど透明になった。
Claims (19)
- 銅、亜鉛、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、金、銀、シリコンまたはこれらの合金からなる群から選択される金属から構成され、0.1〜100nmの厚さを有するナノフィルムを含み、
前記ナノフィルムは、当該ナノフィルムがそれに対して不安定でありかつ反応性を有する被分析物または活性体により破壊されたときに、電気容量、電気抵抗、構造、厚さ、蛍光発光、色および透明性からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの特性が変化し、前記特性の変化を測定して観察者または計器によって読み取ることのできる信号を与えるように構成されている、指示システム。 - 前記破壊は、融解、融合、溶解、膨潤、乾燥、エッチング、凝固、変換、変形、結晶化、欠陥形成、分解、反応、拡散、複合体または付加物形成、変形、相、反応性、状態、サイズ、形状、ドーピングの性質、磁性、多孔性、透過性低下、放射性崩壊、腐食、分解、崩壊、悪化、脱金属、合体、吸着、脱離、融解、結晶化、相転移、電子または核構造、磁性および光学特性のうちの1以上に起因する、請求項1に記載の指示システム。
- 前記ナノフィルムは、プラスチックフィルムの表面に配置されたアルミニウム層である、請求項1または2に記載の指示システム。
- 前記被分析物は化学的因子または生物学的因子である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の指示システム。
- 前記化学的因子は有毒または有害な化学物質である、請求項4に記載の指示システム。
- 前記被分析物はエネルギー、電磁放射線、圧力、または磁性である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の指示システム。
- 前記被分析物はX線またはUVである、請求項6に記載の指示システム。
- 有機、無機、有機金属および生体の化合物および作用因子または被分析物への総曝露量を分析方法を用いてモニタリングするのに用いるために設計される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の指示システム。
- 時間、時間−温度、融解、凍結、湿度、電離放射線、温度、マイクロ波、殺菌、化学物質、生物学的因子または化学的因子のモニタリングのために設計される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の指示システム。
- 前記殺菌は、蒸気、エチレンオキシド、プラズマ、ホルムアルデヒド、乾式加熱、過酸化水素または過酢酸を用いて行われる、請求項9に記載の指示システム。
- 放射線量計である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の指示システム。
- 前記放射線量計はキャパシタである、請求項11に記載の指示システム。
- 前記ナノフィルムは電極である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の指示システム。
- 前記ナノフィルムは前駆体、活性体、または透明な導体である被覆材料または安定化材料によって保護される、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の指示システム。
- 前記前駆体はハロゲン化合物である、請求項14に記載の指示システム。
- 前記破壊は分析方法により測定される、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の指示システム。
- 前記分析方法は電気分析法である、請求項16に記載の指示システム。
- 前記電気分析法はエリプソメトリーである、請求項17に記載の指示システム。
- 前記ナノフィルムは金属を含む金属ナノ層であり、酸化物を含む酸化物層をさらに含む、請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の指示システム。
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PCT/US2010/048417 WO2011031959A1 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2010-09-10 | Monitoring devices and processes based on transformation, destruction and conversion of nanostructures |
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JP2017108538A Pending JP2017205868A (ja) | 2009-09-11 | 2017-05-31 | ナノ構造の変形、破壊、および変換に基づくモニタリング装置およびモニタリング方法 |
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US20110003279A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
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