JP6072082B2 - 液晶を使用した、光ファイバのチップへのアクティブアライメント - Google Patents
液晶を使用した、光ファイバのチップへのアクティブアライメント Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/30—Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12004—Combinations of two or more optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
- G02B6/2706—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means as bulk elements, i.e. free space arrangements external to a light guide, e.g. polarising beam splitters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/34—Optical coupling means utilising prism or grating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4219—Mechanical fixtures for holding or positioning the elements relative to each other in the couplings; Alignment methods for the elements, e.g. measuring or observing methods especially used therefor
- G02B6/422—Active alignment, i.e. moving the elements in response to the detected degree of coupling or position of the elements
- G02B6/4221—Active alignment, i.e. moving the elements in response to the detected degree of coupling or position of the elements involving a visual detection of the position of the elements, e.g. by using a microscope or a camera
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
- G02F1/292—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection by controlled diffraction or phased-array beam steering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/124—Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133638—Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/24—Function characteristic beam steering
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
Description
光ファイバのコア径が小さいと単一モードのみが利用可能となり、そのようなファイバは単一モードファイバと呼ばれる。単一モードファイバの集積光導波路(およびその逆)へのアライメントは、半導体フォトニクスのパッケージング(packaging)において最も費用と時間のかかる製造工程のうちの1つである。さらに、単一モードファイバ(例えば5.9μm径のコア)とチップ上の導波路の断面(例えば2μmから200nm未満)との間で寸法が大きく異なる場合、挿入損失およびパッケージングコストが上昇する。
Claims (12)
- 光学チップ上に集積された第一の光導波路と光ファイバとのアライメントをとるための液晶ステアリング装置であって、前記第一の光導波路とともに光路に配置されて前記第一の光導波路に前記光ファイバからの光線をステアするように構成された切り替え可能な液晶偏光格子と、前記液晶偏光格子とアライメントをとられて入射光線の偏光状態を変更するように構成された第一の波長板と、を含む、前記液晶ステアリング装置と、
前記第一の光導波路の近傍に設けられる第二の光導波路と、
前記第二の光導波路に電圧を印加し、前記第一の光導波路から前記第二の光導波路に伝達される光学パワーを制御する電極と、
前記第二の光導波路における光学パワーを検知する導波路センサと、
前記導波路センサによって検知された光学パワーに応じて、前記液晶ステアリング装置を制御し、前記第一の光導波路に対する前記光ファイバのアライメントをとるように構成されたコントローラと、
を含む、装置。 - 前記切り替え可能な液晶偏光格子は、円偏光光線を3つの回折次数のうちの1つへステアするように構成されている、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記光ファイバと前記第一の波長板との間に配置され、前記光ファイバの直線偏光光線を前記円偏光光線へ変更するように構成された第二の波長板をさらに含む、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記第一の波長板は複屈折液晶による半波長板である、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記第二の波長板は、前記光ファイバの前記直線偏光光線を前記円偏光光線に変更するように構成された1/4波長板である、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記第二の波長板は、前記光ファイバの前記直線偏光光線を前記円偏光光線に変更するように構成された3/4波長板である、請求項3に記載の装置。
- ゼロ回折次数を選択するための前記液晶偏光格子に閾値電圧より高い電圧を印加するように構成された電圧源をさらに含む、請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記円偏光光線を前記円偏光光線の前記偏光状態を変更することなく通過させるために、前記第一の波長板に電圧を印加するように構成された電圧源をさらに含む、請求項5に記載の装置。
- 集積光学チップであって、
前記集積光学チップ上の第一の光導波路に対して、アクティブに光ファイバのアライメントをとるように適用された液晶ステアリング装置であって、前記第一の光導波路に取りつけられた切り替え可能な液晶偏光格子と、前記光ファイバと前記液晶偏光格子との間に置かれた半波長板と、を含む前記液晶ステアリング装置と、
前記第一の光導波路からの光信号を結合するための前記第一の光導波路の近傍に設けられる第二の光導波路と、
前記第二の光導波路に結合され、前記光ファイバと前記第一の光導波路との間の結合パワーを検知するための導波路センサと、
前記導波路センサによって検知された前記結合パワーに応じて、前記液晶ステアリング装置を制御し、前記第一の光導波路に対する前記光ファイバのアライメントをとるように構成されたコントローラと、
前記第二の光導波路に電圧を印加し、前記第一の光導波路から前記第二の光導波路に伝達される光学パワーを制御する電極と、
を含む、集積光学チップ。 - 前記第一の光導波路と前記第二の光導波路との間の前記結合はエバネセント波による、請求項9に記載の集積光学チップ。
- 前記導波路センサは、光検出器である、請求項10に記載の集積光学チップ。
- 前記コントローラは、比例・積分・微分コントローラである、請求項11に記載の集積光学チップ。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/365,856 | 2012-02-03 | ||
US13/365,856 US9235097B2 (en) | 2012-02-03 | 2012-02-03 | Active alignment of optical fiber to chip using liquid crystals |
PCT/US2013/021821 WO2013115995A1 (en) | 2012-02-03 | 2013-01-17 | Active alignment of optical fiber to chip using liquid crystals |
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JP2015509216A JP2015509216A (ja) | 2015-03-26 |
JP6072082B2 true JP6072082B2 (ja) | 2017-02-01 |
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US (3) | US9235097B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2823343B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6072082B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101699598B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104246562B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013115995A1 (ja) |
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EP2823343A1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
KR101699598B1 (ko) | 2017-01-24 |
CN104246562A (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
EP2823343B1 (en) | 2018-05-09 |
US11002914B2 (en) | 2021-05-11 |
US20160103283A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
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