JP6069135B2 - 電力用半導体装置及びその製造方法、並びに、そのための半田 - Google Patents
電力用半導体装置及びその製造方法、並びに、そのための半田 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6069135B2 JP6069135B2 JP2013179272A JP2013179272A JP6069135B2 JP 6069135 B2 JP6069135 B2 JP 6069135B2 JP 2013179272 A JP2013179272 A JP 2013179272A JP 2013179272 A JP2013179272 A JP 2013179272A JP 6069135 B2 JP6069135 B2 JP 6069135B2
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- solder
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- power semiconductor
- ceramic substrate
- semiconductor element
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- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 107
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 85
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910017755 Cu-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910017927 Cu—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910007570 Zn-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 25
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010406 interfacial reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 Cu-Sn compound Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017944 Ag—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017758 Cu-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017931 Cu—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/262—Sn as the principal constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
- H01L23/373—Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon
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- H01L24/83—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a layer connector
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K2101/42—Printed circuits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Description
(参考例1〜11)
上記の参考例1〜11と同じ工程で、同じ形状のパワー半導体モジュールを作製した。セラミック基板の接合に用いた半田を、添付の表2に示す。比較例1〜3の何れの半田を用いた場合にも、温度サイクル試験において、セラミックス基板接合部のクラックがチップ直下に達した。また、高温保持試験においても、比較例1〜4では、何れも、接合部の20%以上が界面破壊により破壊した。唯一、Sn−7Cuのみ、高温保持試験において良好な信頼性が得られた。即ち、これら比較例1〜5において、温度サイクル試験と高温保持試験の両方で良好な信頼性が得られるものは無かった。
更に、本発明のSn−0〜3.5Ag−3〜10Cu−1〜4Bi(mass%)半田を、上記図8にその構造を示したパワー半導体モジュールに適用した実施例について、以下に説明する。
上記の参考例12〜22と同じ工程で、同じ形状のパワー半導体モジュールを作製した。セラミック基板の接合に用いた半田を、添付の表3に示す。比較例1〜3の何れのはんだを用いた場合にも、温度サイクル試験において、セラミックス基板接合部のクラックがチップ直下に達した。また、高温保持試験においても、表4比較例6〜10では、何れも、接合部の20%以上が界面破壊により破壊した。唯一、Sn−7Cuのみ高温保持試験において良好な信頼性が得られた。即ち、比較例6〜10において、温度サイクル試験と高温保持試験の両方で良好な信頼性が得られるものは無かった。
Claims (9)
- セラミックス基板上に接合したパワー半導体素子をベースに接合し、又は、パワー半導体素子をリードフレームに接合して構成される半導体装置であって、
前記パワー半導体素子を接合した前記セラミックス基板を前記ベースに、又は前記パワー半導体素子を前記リードフレームに、Sn−0〜3.5Ag−5〜10Cu−1〜4Bi−0.001〜0.1Si(mass%)半田で接合していることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - セラミックス基板上に接合したパワー半導体素子をベースに接合し、又は、パワー半導体素子をリードフレームに接合して構成される半導体装置であって、
前記パワー半導体素子を接合した前記セラミックス基板を前記ベースに、又は前記パワー半導体素子を前記リードフレームに、Sn−0〜3.5Ag−5〜10Cu−1〜4Bi−0.001〜0.1Ti(mass%)半田で接合していることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記請求項1又は2に記載した半導体装置において、前記セラミックス基板、もしくは、前記リードフレームは、Ni系めっきを施した配線を有していることを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 前記請求項3に記載した半導体装置において、Sn−0〜3.5Ag−5〜10Cu−1〜4Bi−0.001〜0.1Si(mass%)半田又はSn−0〜3.5Ag−5〜10Cu−1〜4Bi−0.001〜0.1Ti(mass%)半田による接合部の厚さが50〜500μmであることを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 前記請求項1又は2に記載した半導体装置において、前記パワー半導体素子として、SiCもしくはGaNを用いることを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 前記請求項1又は2に記載した半導体装置において、前記パワー半導体素子を、Zn−Alにより、前記セラミックス基板もしくは前記リードフレームに接合していることを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 前記請求項1又は2に記載した半導体装置において、前記パワー半導体素子を、焼結Agにより、前記セラミックス基板もしくは前記リードフレームに接合していることを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 前記請求項1又は2に記載した半導体装置において、前記パワー半導体素子を、Cu−Sn系金属間化合物により、前記セラミックス基板もしくは前記リードフレームに接合していることを特徴とする半導体装置。
- セラミックス基板上に接合したパワー半導体素子をベースに接合し、又は、パワー半導体素子をリードフレームに接合して製造される電力用半導体装置を製造するための半田であって、
Snに対して、0〜3.5(mass%)のAg、5〜10(mass%)のCu、1〜4(mass%)のBi、0.001〜0.1(mass%)のSiを含んでいることを特徴とする電力用半導体装置を製造するための半田。
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