JP6062916B2 - コンクリートにおいて燃料排ガス水銀を封鎖する組成物および方法 - Google Patents
コンクリートにおいて燃料排ガス水銀を封鎖する組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6062916B2 JP6062916B2 JP2014501106A JP2014501106A JP6062916B2 JP 6062916 B2 JP6062916 B2 JP 6062916B2 JP 2014501106 A JP2014501106 A JP 2014501106A JP 2014501106 A JP2014501106 A JP 2014501106A JP 6062916 B2 JP6062916 B2 JP 6062916B2
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- Prior art keywords
- mercury
- activation
- adsorbent
- fly ash
- mercury adsorbent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 151
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 150
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- UHXQPQCJDDSMCB-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;3-[[9,10-dioxo-4-(2,4,6-trimethyl-3-sulfonatoanilino)anthracen-1-yl]amino]-2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CC1=CC(C)=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(C)=C1NC(C=1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=11)=CC=C1NC1=C(C)C=C(C)C(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1C UHXQPQCJDDSMCB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 44
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Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Description
棄しなければならず、大きな経済的な損失となる。米国エネルギー省の米国エネルギー技術研究所(U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory)の分析は、この有害な副産物の影響が、幾つかの発電所において水銀低減の費用を実質的に四倍にすることを指摘している。
本発明
のABIがオゾンまたは硝酸によるあらゆる任意の後処理の前に吸着剤1グラムあたり30mgを超えないように、遊離酸素を含有する環境において活性化または再活性化される炭素質水銀吸着剤前駆体から製造される、(v)粉末活性炭が、オゾンまたは硝酸によるあらゆる任意の後処理の前に吸着剤1グラムあたり約15ミリグラム未満のABIを有する、または(iv)粉末活性炭が、遊離酸素を含有する環境において活性化または再活性化される炭素質水銀吸着剤前駆体から製造される、そのような組成物である。
Physiosorption Data for Gas/Solid Systems)についての国際純正応用化学連合(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)の指針(1985)によると、2nm未満の幅を有する活性炭孔は、ミクロ孔と考慮される。2〜50nmの幅を有する孔は、メソ孔と考慮され、50nmを超える幅を有する孔は、マクロ孔と考慮される。
ければならない。AEA化合物は、約1〜3ナノメートル長の比較的大型の分子である。理論に制限されることを望むものではないが、AEA分子が収まる、またはその中を輸送され得る孔の数を最小限にすることによって、コンクリートスラリーから有害なほど吸着され得るAEAの量も最小限にすることができると考えられる。
A.元のアシッドブルー80(AB−80)の標準液の調製
Co=W*1000
式中、
Co=元のAB−80溶液の濃度(mg/リットル)であり、
W=AB−80の質量(g)である。
B.AB−80溶液の検量線の誘導
Cs=Co *Vs/25
式中、
Cs=希釈AB−80溶液の濃度(mg/リットル)であり、
Co=元のAB−80溶液の濃度(mg/リットル)であり、
Vs=ピペットで移したAB−80溶液の体積(ml)である。
C.試料試験法。(指針は、ASTM D 3860−98水相等温線技術による活性炭の吸着能力を決定する標準的な実施(Standard Practice for Determination of Adsorptive Capacity of Activated Carbon by Aqueous Phase Isotherm Technique)を参照すること)
X=V(Co−C)
式中、
X=吸着されたAB−80の量(mg)であり、
Co=PACと接触させる前の元のAB−80溶液の濃度(mg/リットル)であり、
C=PACと接触させた後のAB−80溶液の濃度(mg/リットル)であり、
V=添加されたAB−80溶液の体積(0.05L)である。
X/M=(CoV−CV)/M
式中、
X/M=炭素1グラムあたりの吸着されたAB−80(mg/g)であり、
M=PACの質量(g)である。
比較例1:現在既知の水銀吸着剤
比較例2:無煙炭からのコンクリートに好都合な炭素
方法に従って、最初に5重量%に臭素化した後で確認した。次に、得られた臭素化PACの水銀捕捉性能を、模擬石炭火力燃料排ガス流により、85m3/時間(50acfm)のパイロット導管注入システムにおいて試験した。連行された吸着剤への水銀質量の移動およびこのシステムにおける吸着動力学は、本格規模の実用用途と同様であった。使用された完全機器化導管注入試験システムは、高温燃料排ガスを生成するメタンバーナーユニット、ガスに適切な程度の水分を加える加湿ドラム、元素水銀または塩化水銀透過管を有する水銀添加サブシステム、SO2、NOX、およびHClの質量流量制御装置を有する燃料排ガス添加サブシステム、吸着剤の律動を少なくする小型の吸着剤供給機および流動注入サブシステム、天井板を循環する10メートルの絶縁された直径10cmの導管、熱電対、約2500m2/kNm3(500ft2/Kacf)の有効特定収集領域(SCA)を有する静電フィルター、バックアップ繊維フィルター、保安フィルター、流量を測定するオルフィスプレート、ならびに可変速度誘導通風機を含んだ。注入時のガス温度は約175℃であり、ESPでは、約145℃であった。添加燃料排ガス濃度は、およそ10μg/Nm3のHg、600ppmのSO2、300ppmのNOX、および5ppmのHClであり、これらは石炭火力発電所の燃料排ガスの典型的な値である。吸着剤注入の前後の水銀測定は、Ohio Lumex Model 915の連続冷蒸気原子吸着(CVAA)水銀分析器を使用して実施した。使用された吸着剤注入速度は、約90mg/Nm3(4lb/MMacf)であった。
比較例3.追加のPAC
比較例4.空気連行コンクリート
DARCO(登録商標)Hgを、7のABIを有する空気活性化された炭素である比較例2のPAC2と比較した。
the Laboratory)」に従って調製した。それぞれのバッチからの複数の試料を、ASTM Method C 231「圧力法により新たに混合したコンクリートの空気含有量についての標準的な試験方法(Standard Test Metho
d for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method)」に従って湿潤空気連行について試験し、値を平均化した。
実施例1.本発明のヤシ殻に基づいたPACの水銀性能およびABI
Corporationの無煙炭に基づいたコンクリートに好都合な水銀吸着剤である。
実施例2.木材による追加のPAC
実施例3.亜炭による追加のPAC
理解および認識にとって全く些細なことである。当業者に良く知られているように、用語「組み合わされた」、「組み合わせる」などは、本明細書で使用されるとき、「組み合わされた」構成成分または「組み合わせる」ものは、互いに容器の中に入れられることを意味する。同様に、構成成分の「組み合わせ」は、容器の中で一緒にされている構成成分を意味する。
Claims (18)
- −木材、亜炭、ヤシ殻、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される炭素質水銀吸着剤前駆体を準備することと、
−蒸気による活性化、CO2による活性化、遊離酸素を含有する環境における活性化、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される方法により前記水銀吸着剤前駆体を活性化または再活性化して、活性化炭素質水銀吸着剤を提供することであって、前記活性化の温度および時間は、前記活性化炭素質水銀吸着剤のアシッドブルー80指標が吸着剤1グラムあたり30mgを超えないように制限されることと、
−活性化または再活性化後、前記活性化炭素質水銀吸着剤を325メッシュ未満の平均粒径に粉砕することと、
−前記活性化炭素質水銀吸着剤を、水銀、水銀含有化合物、またはこれらの組み合わせ、ならびにフライアッシュ、セメントキルンダスト、またはフライアッシュとセメントキルンダストとの組み合わせを含有するガス流に注入し、前記活性化炭素質水銀吸着剤を水銀または水銀含有化合物と接触させて、吸着水銀を有する水銀吸着剤を作出することと、
−吸着水銀を有する前記水銀吸着剤を、微粒子制御装置内で、フライアッシュ、セメントキルンダスト、または両方と共に前記ガス流から除去することと、を含み、
その結果、フライアッシュ、セメントキルンダスト、または両方を伴う、吸着水銀を有する前記水銀吸着剤が、空気連行混合物と組み合わされて、セメント質またはポゾラン質組成物を提供するのに適している、方法。 - −フライアッシュ、セメントキルンダスト、または両方を伴う、吸着水銀を有する前記水銀吸着剤を、水、セメント、および空気連行混合物に加えて、セメント質またはポゾラン質組成物を提供すること
を追加的に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 砂および粗骨材を加えることを追加的に含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記水銀吸着剤前駆体の活性化が、蒸気による活性化を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記水銀吸着剤の活性化が、遊離酸素を含有する環境における活性化を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記水銀吸着剤前駆体の活性化が、ロータリーキルン、活性化炉、または多段床炉を使用して実施される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つのハロゲンまたはハロゲン化合物を前記活性化炭素質水銀吸着剤に加えて、0.1〜15重量パーセントのハロゲンを含有するハロゲン化活性化炭素質水銀吸着剤を作出することを追加的に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記活性化が、前記活性化炭素質水銀吸着剤のアシッドブルー80指標が吸着剤1グラムあたり15mgを超えないように、温度および時間において更に制限されている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- フライアッシュ、セメントキルンダストのいずれか、または両方を伴う、吸着水銀を有する前記水銀吸着剤を、水、セメント、および空気連行混合物に加えて、セメント質またはポゾラン質組成物を提供することを追加的に含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記水銀吸着剤前駆体の活性化が、蒸気による活性化を含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記水銀吸着剤の活性化が、遊離酸素を含有する環境における活性化を含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記水銀吸着剤前駆体の活性化が、ロータリーキルン、活性化炉、または多段床炉を使用して実施される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つのハロゲンまたはハロゲン化合物を前記活性化炭素質水銀吸着剤に加えて、0.1〜15重量パーセントのハロゲンを含有するハロゲン化活性化炭素質水銀吸着剤を作出することを追加的に含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- −吸着剤1グラムあたり30ミリグラム未満のアシッドブルー80指標を有し、かつ水銀または水銀含有化合物を上に吸着させた、粉末活性炭と、
−フライアッシュ、セメントキルンダストのいずれか、またはこれらの組み合わせと、
−セメント、空気連行混合物、砂、および水と、を含み、
前記粉末活性炭が、木材、亜炭、ヤシ殻、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される炭素源に由来する、組成物。 - 粗骨材を追加的に含む、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記粉末活性炭が、前記活性化炭素質水銀吸着剤のアシッドブルー80指標が吸着剤1グラムあたり30mgを超えないように、遊離酸素を含有する環境において活性化または再活性化された炭素質水銀吸着剤前駆体に由来する、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記粉末活性炭が、吸着剤1グラムあたり15ミリグラム未満のアシッドブルー80指標を有する、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記粉末活性炭が、遊離酸素を含有する環境において活性化または再活性化された炭素質水銀吸着剤前駆体に由来する、請求項14に記載の組成物。
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PL2688658T3 (pl) | 2017-06-30 |
EP2688658A1 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
US8404038B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 |
CL2013002717A1 (es) | 2014-01-31 |
US20110197791A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
JP2014509939A (ja) | 2014-04-24 |
WO2012134754A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
ZA201307034B (en) | 2014-05-28 |
EP2688658B1 (en) | 2016-10-12 |
AU2012238083B2 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
CN106975445A (zh) | 2017-07-25 |
MY161785A (en) | 2017-05-15 |
JP2017013061A (ja) | 2017-01-19 |
RU2013147617A (ru) | 2015-04-27 |
AU2012238083A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
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