JP6062139B2 - 生理活性ポリマーを補綴材料にグラフトするための方法 - Google Patents
生理活性ポリマーを補綴材料にグラフトするための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6062139B2 JP6062139B2 JP2009513738A JP2009513738A JP6062139B2 JP 6062139 B2 JP6062139 B2 JP 6062139B2 JP 2009513738 A JP2009513738 A JP 2009513738A JP 2009513738 A JP2009513738 A JP 2009513738A JP 6062139 B2 JP6062139 B2 JP 6062139B2
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- prosthetic material
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- prosthetic
- grafting
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- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) bromide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Br-].[Br-] GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BQZGVMWPHXIKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) iodide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[I-].[I-] BQZGVMWPHXIKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011164 ossification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001420 photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013379 physicochemical characterization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005211 surface analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011477 surgical intervention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- NMJKIRUDPFBRHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Ti] NMJKIRUDPFBRHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F292/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to inorganic materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0012—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy
- A61C8/0013—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy with a surface layer, coating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0012—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy
- A61C8/0016—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy polymeric material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/28—Bones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
- A61K6/84—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising metals or alloys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
- A61K6/884—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising natural or synthetic resins
- A61K6/887—Compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
- A61L27/04—Metals or alloys
- A61L27/06—Titanium or titanium alloys
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
- A61L27/34—Macromolecular materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F291/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to macromolecular compounds according to more than one of the groups C08F251/00 - C08F289/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/003—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/10—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to inorganic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
- A61F2310/00023—Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00389—The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Description
−補綴材料の表面でフリーラジカル供与活性種を生成するステップと、
−表面に活性種が生成された補綴材料を、酸素の非存在下で生理活性ポリマーを形成できるようにするラジカル重合を可能にする機能を持つ少なくとも1種のモノマーと接触させるステップと、を含む方法である。
−上記にて定義したような補綴材料で活性種を生成するステップと、
−特に40℃〜100℃で加熱することによって、フリーラジカルを生成するステップと、
−表面にフリーラジカルが生成された補綴材料を、酸素の非存在下で生理活性ポリマーを形成できるようにするラジカル重合を可能にする機能を持つ少なくとも1種のモノマーと接触させるステップと、を含む。
−チタン表面でフリーラジカル供与活性種を生成するステップと、
−表面に活性種が生成されたチタンを、40から100℃の温度で少なくとも8時間、酸素の非存在下でNaSSと接触させるステップと、を含む方法に関する。
−チタン表面でフリーラジカル供与活性種を生成するステップと、
−表面に活性種が生成されたチタンを、70℃の温度で15時間、酸素の非存在下でNaSSと接触させるステップと、を含む方法に関する。
実施例1:チタンシリンダ表面への生理活性ポリマーのグラフティング
第1のステップは、イオン性基のグラフティングの開発であった。簡単にするために、本発明者らは第1段階でアリールスルホネート基のみのグラフトを選択した。あらかじめポリッシュして粗さの問題を排除したチタンディスク(99.7%純度)で機能化を実施した。
チタン(アルファ・エイサー(Alfa Aesar)社から入手)は、押出成形した直径12.7mmの棒状で、700℃で30分間、応力除去焼きなまし処理したものである。その純度(表1)は公称組成(グレード1またはT40)で99.7%である。
研磨紙の粒度分布(ストルアス(Struers))を小さくしながら、ロータリーポリッシャに装着した自動アームを利用して、ディスクの機械的ポリッシングを実施する。グレード800(砥粒22μm)の研磨紙での1回目のポリッシングで約1/10ミリメートル分の厚さを除去するが、これには電気浸食(電気アーク)によるスライシング方法が原因の孔食で損傷した金属の厚み部分を取り除く効果がある。
チタン表面で適切なイオン性基を得るのに使用するモノマーは、4−ビニルベンゼンスルホン酸のスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム(NaSS、ナトリウム塩、アルドリッチ(Aldrich))すなわち、以下の化学式で表されるビニルモノマーである。
スチレンスルホン酸ナトリウムを再結晶化によって精製する。この手法は、60〜70℃の温度にてモノマーの質量mを比率10/90の水/エタノール混合物に溶解させることからなる。続いて、この溶液を送水ポンプ真空下で高温濾過する。このようにして濾過した溶液を4℃で24時間放置する。形成される結晶を真空濾過により回収し、60〜70℃で真空下にて乾燥させる。
制御したアルゴン雰囲気下(グローブボックス)で機能化を行うが、これを以下のようにまとめることができる。
1.ポリッシュ済みのチタン表面を清浄。
2.試料を室温にて50/50H2SO4(アクロス(Acros)/H2O2(アルドリッチ(Aldrich))混合物に浸漬してチタンディスクの表面に過酸化物ラジカルを形成。試料の入ったビーカーに2種類の試薬を同時に注ぎ、全体を2分間攪拌する。反応はすぐに起こり、発熱量が多くガスが発生する。最初は無色であった酸化溶液が黄色、オレンジ色と変化し、赤煉瓦色になる(硫酸とチタンとの反応によってTi4+イオンが形成されることによる)。
3.酸化した表面を蒸留水で数回すすぐ。
4.試料をNaSSモノマーの濃度0.7Mの水溶液に浸漬。
5.モノマー溶液をチタン試料と接触させて14時間かけて70℃まで加熱。70℃での加熱によって、過酸化物の結合(O−O)が開裂して遊離TiO・ラジカルになることができ、これがビニルモノマーのラジカル重合を開始する機能を果たすことになる。
6.溶液中に形成されたホモポリマー(被グラフトポリマー鎖に混入しやすい)を除去するためにポリNaSSをグラフトした金属表面を蒸留水ですすぐ。
a)トルイジンブルーを用いてのグラフティング密度のアッセイ
トルイジンブルーでのアッセイは、633nmの可視領域で吸収する発色団であるトルイジンブルーを利用する比色分析法である。この分子には、そのN+(CH3)2基によって、イオン性基(−COO−)と錯体化されるという特有の特徴がある。トルイジンブルー1モルがカルボキシレート基1モルとの間で錯体を形成する。このため、トルイジンブルーアッセイでは、被グラフトモノマーの量が得られる。この特性を、自らのスルホネート基(−SO3 −)によってN+(CH3)2基と錯体形成可能なNaSSに置き換えた。
m=[Monomer]×V×Mmonomer(単位g)
V=アッセイした溶液の容積(5×10−3L)
Mmonomer=モノマーNaSSのモル質量
FTIR分光法を減衰全反射(ATR)モードで利用して、本発明者らのチタン試料の表面を分析した。測定値を得るのに使用したFTIR分光光度計は、ニコレ・アヴァター(Nicolet Avatar) 370−FTIR装置である。試料をATRモードで分析する。測定のために、4cm−1区切り、解像度1cm−1で4000から650cm−1の波長を走査する。酸化または未酸化、グラフト化または未グラフト化チタン試料を、較正した力(calibrated force)で結晶に密着させ、試料とダイヤモンドとが最大限に接触するようにする。それぞれの点で積算回数120回とし、バックグラウンドノイズを最小限に抑える。バックグラウンドは大気で得る。
Escalab VG 220i−XLスペクトロメータで試料を分析した。1486.6eVの単色AlKα源でX線を生成する。
・炭素の原子割合が1.6倍に増し、化学酸化物の34%から被グラフト酸化物の54%まで上がる。
・平行して、酸素の割合が1.6分の1に減り(decrease by a factor of 1.6)、その寄与割合が47%から30%に落ちる。結果として、C/O比が酸化物のみの0.7からポリNaSSをグラフとした酸化物の1.8に上昇する。添加したNaSS分子が炭素に比してわずかな酸素しか含有しないとすれば、これは論理的であるようにみえる。
・酸化物がマスクされ、被グラフトポリマーに厚みが出てチタンの検出が一層困難になるため、チタンの寄与も7.4%から5%に低下する。
・酸化物のみの場合(8%)と比較して、ナトリウムが出現(4%)し、硫黄の割合は6%に維持される。
液体の滴を表面にのせ、平衡位置に達した後に、滴の接線と表面とのなす角度をゴニオメータで測定する。
ポリNaSSの場合と同様にして、ポリメタクリル酸メチル(PMMA)のグラフティングを実施した。PMMAをグラフトしたチタンで水滴の接触角を測定したところ、純粋なPMMAで得られる70°の値に近い値である65°が得られた。この実験は、チタン表面にさまざまなポリマーをグラフトできることを裏付けるものである。
チタンにグラフトされるポリマーの量を最適化するために、上記実施例1の方法におけるさまざまなパラメータを修正した。このため、以下のパラメータ(方法A)で、トルイジンブルーでのアッセイによって測定した場合の密度として15.4μg/cm2という高い値が得られた。
−逐次的な混合物を用いる酸化:H2SO4を1分間に続いてH2O2を2分間。
−H2SO4/H2O2混合物中の触媒として硫酸鉄の使用。
−70℃で15時間の重合反応。
A)修飾チタン表面での骨芽細胞の発達
修飾チタン表面との接触時の細胞活性の研究のために選択した細胞は、ヒト骨芽細胞MG−63由来の株に属する。本発明者らは、付着、アルカリホスファターゼ活性および沈殿したリン酸カルシウムの量を測定した。
細菌付着に関して、黄色ぶどう球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)で若干の測定値を得た。本発明者らが細菌付着の阻害レベルを測定したところ、ポリッシュ済みチタンとの比較で79%、酸化させたチタンとの比較で54%であった。これらの極めて励みになる中間結果は、ポリNaSSへの黄色ぶどう球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)および化膿連鎖球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes)の付着についての測定で得られた結果を裏付けるものであった。最近になって、これらの結果はスルホネート基で覆ったシリコーンインプラントでも裏付けられ、これによってin vivoでの細菌付着を2対数単位も減らすことが可能になった。
Claims (27)
- ポリスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム(ポリNaSS)をチタンまたはチタン合金補綴材料にグラフトするための方法であって、
−前記補綴材料の表面でフリーラジカル供与活性種を酸化により生成するステップと、
−表面に活性種が生成された前記補綴材料を、酸素の非存在下でスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム(NaSS)と接触させるステップと、
−フリーラジカルを40〜100℃の温度での熱反応により得るステップと
を含み、
ラジカル重合反応は、チタンまたはチタン合金補綴材料上に直に生成されたフリーラジカルによって開始される方法。 - チタン合金が、ニッケル合金、バナジウム合金、アルミニウム合金および/またはモリブデン合金である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 60〜75℃での熱反応によって前記フリーラジカルを得る、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 70℃での熱反応によって前記フリーラジカルを得る、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 表面に活性種が生成された前記補綴材料を、酸素の非存在下でNaSSと、少なくとも30分間接触させる、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 表面に活性種が生成された前記補綴材料を、酸素の非存在下でNaSSと、1〜48時間接触させる、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記補綴材料を、NaSSと15時間接触させる、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記補綴材料表面への前記活性種の形成前に、この補綴材料をポリッシュする、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記材料を研磨紙でポリッシュする、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 粒度分布がP1200まで下がる異なった研磨紙で前記材料をポリッシュする、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 一連の研磨紙が、粒度分布P800、P1000およびP1200のものである、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記材料を酸/H2O2混合物で酸化させる、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記酸/H2O2混合物が、前記補綴材料を酸溶液と接触させた後、これをH2O2と接触させることを含む逐次的な混合物である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記酸が、フッ化水素酸、塩酸またはH2SO4である、請求項12または13に記載の方法。
- 前記酸が、H2SO4である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記補綴材料が、チタンまたはその合金であり、これを酸性のH2SO4溶液と1分間接触させた後、H2O2溶液と2分間接触させる、請求項14または15に記載の方法。
- H2SO4/H2O2比が50/50(v/v)である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記酸/H2O2混合物に金属塩を添加する、請求項12〜17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記金属塩を、10−4mol/l〜2mol/lの範囲の濃度で添加する、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記金属塩が、鉄、ニッケル、クロムおよび銅の塩から選択される、請求項18または19に記載の方法。
- 前記金属塩が硫酸鉄である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- ポリ(スチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム)ポリマー(ポリNaSSポリマー)をグラフトしてなるチタンまたはチタン合金補綴材料であって、
前記ポリNaSSポリマーを酸素−炭素共有結合を介して、前記チタンまたはチタン合金補綴材料の表面に直接的に配置してなり、かつポリNaSSのグラフティング密度が少なくとも3μg/cm 2 であるチタンまたはチタン合金補綴材料。 - ポリNaSSのグラフティング密度が、3μg/cm 2 〜15.5μg/cm 2 である請求項22記載のチタンまたはチタン合金補綴材料。
- 請求項22または23に記載の補綴材料を、補綴インプラントの製造に用いる使用法。
- 人工関節の製造に用いる、請求項24に記載の使用法。
- 義歯の製造に用いる、請求項24に記載の使用法。
- 請求項22または23に記載の補綴材料を含む補綴インプラント。
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WO2013073259A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-05-23 | 東ソー有機化学株式会社 | 高純度パラスチレンスルホン酸(塩)、それを用いたポリスチレンスルホン酸(塩)、およびポリスチレンスルホン酸(塩)を用いた、分散剤、導電性ポリマードーパント、ナノカーボン材料水性分散体、導電性ポリマー水性分散体、ならびにポリスチレンスルホン酸(塩)の製造方法 |
US8545951B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2013-10-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Endotracheal tubes and other polymer substrates including an anti-fouling treatment |
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FR3042698A1 (fr) | 2015-10-22 | 2017-04-28 | Les Laboratoires Osteal Medical | Dispositifs de support pour supporter des implants ou des protheses |
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