JP6032216B2 - ハイブリッド車制御装置 - Google Patents
ハイブリッド車制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6032216B2 JP6032216B2 JP2014004059A JP2014004059A JP6032216B2 JP 6032216 B2 JP6032216 B2 JP 6032216B2 JP 2014004059 A JP2014004059 A JP 2014004059A JP 2014004059 A JP2014004059 A JP 2014004059A JP 6032216 B2 JP6032216 B2 JP 6032216B2
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- engine
- battery
- sub
- operating
- hybrid vehicle
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- HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1C=CC(C(O)=O)=C[C@H]1O HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
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Description
本発明はこのような点に鑑みて創作されたものであり、その目的は、サブバッテリ上がりを防止するハイブリッド車制御装置を提供することにある。
エンジン非稼動時には、サブバッテリ電圧をメインバッテリのSOCが閾値以上のときである通常時に設定される通常値より低く設定することで、サブバッテリへの充電量を通常時よりも減少させる。
エンジン稼動時には、サブバッテリ電圧をエンジン非稼働時の設定値より高く設定することで、サブバッテリへの充電量をエンジン非稼働時よりも増加させる。
一方、エンジン稼働時には、エンジンの駆動力によりモータジェネレータが発電した回生電力等を用いてサブバッテリへの充電量を増加させるため、エンジン非稼働時よりもさらにサブバッテリ上がりを防止することができる。
この場合、サブバッテリへの充電量は、エンジン損失と、サブバッテリへの充放電に伴うサブバッテリ入出力損失との和であるシステム損失が最小となるように決定されることで、システム効率を最適とすることができる。
この場合、エンジン非稼動時、すなわち主にEV走行時には、電気ヒータの出力を通常時に設定される通常値より小さく設定し、エンジン稼動時には、電気ヒータの出力をエンジン非稼動時の設定値より大きく設定する。これにより、メインバッテリのSOCが所定の閾値より低いとき、暖房又は暖機性能の低下を抑制しつつ、EV走行時の電力消費量を通常時より低減することができる。
これにより、メインバッテリでの入出力に伴うエネルギー損失を減らすことができる。また、本発明の制御は、メインバッテリのSOCが低いことを前提とした制御であるため、メインバッテリからの放電を制限することで、メインバッテリのSOCが下限値に近づくことを防止することができる。
本発明の第1実施形態のハイブリッド車制御装置が適用されるハイブリッド車の構成について、図1を参照して説明する。図1に示すハイブリッド車101は、駆動力源としてエンジン2及び1つのモータジェネレータ31を備えた、いわゆるパラレルハイブリッド自動車である。「ハイブリッド車制御装置」としてのHV−ECU80は、エンジン2及びモータジェネレータ31の駆動力を調停し、ハイブリッド車101の駆動を統括的に制御する。特に本発明の実施形態では、HV−ECU80は、後述するサブバッテリ6への電力供給を制御する。
なお、モータジェネレータ31とデファレンシャルギア機構19との間には、破線で示すように、入力された回転数を増速又は減速して出力する変速機17を備えてもよい。変速機17にはクラッチを設けてもよいし、また、エンジン2とモータジェネレータ31との間にクラッチを設けてもよい。
なお、メインバッテリ4とインバータ33との間には、メインバッテリ4の直流電力を昇圧する昇圧コンバータが設けられてもよい。
メインバッテリ4は、SOC(State Of Charge)が所定の限界量の範囲で充電される。メインバッテリ4のSOCの情報は、HV−ECU80に送信される。
サブバッテリ6は、車両のファン、ブロワ、ポンプ等の各種補機に電力を供給する。
図1において、インバータ33からDCDCコンバータ5に向かう実線矢印は回生電力Pregを示し、メインバッテリ4からDCDCコンバータ5に向かう破線矢印は、メインバッテリ4が放電した電力Pmbを示している。
なお、実施形態によっては、HV−ECU80とメインバッテリ4、DCDCコンバータ5、サブバッテリ6との間に別のECUを介在させてもよい。
なお、「エンジン非稼働時」には車両の停止時も含まれるが、ここではサブバッテリの出力が要求される状況を前提としているため、「エンジン非稼働時」とは、主にモータジェネレータ31の力行動作によるEV走行時を想定するものとする。
S1では、メインバッテリ4のSOCが閾値αより小さいか否か判断する。閾値αは、例えば40%、50%、60%等の任意の値に設定してよい。
メインバッテリ4のSOCが閾値α以上のときを「通常時」という。通常時には、S1でNOと判断され、S21にて、サブバッテリ電圧を通常値に設定する。
図3は、車両の駆動負荷とサブバッテリ充電量との関係を示すマップであり、右下がりの特性を呈している。つまり、HV−ECU80は、車両の駆動負荷が低い時ほどサブバッテリ充電量を増加させるようにサブバッテリ電圧を高く設定する。なお、サブバッテリ充電量、すなわちマップの縦軸の絶対値は、要求充電量等に応じて適宜決定される。
図4(a)のエンジン損失とは、燃料の熱エネルギーが有効に駆動力に変換されない割合である。一般に、駆動負荷が高いほどエンジン効率は良く、逆に言うとエンジン損失は小さくなる。サブバッテリ充電量は、エンジン2の駆動力によりモータジェネレータ31が発電する電力と相関するため、サブバッテリ充電量が大きいほど、エンジン損失は小さくなる。また、サブバッテリ充電量が大きいほど負の傾きが緩やかになる傾向にある。
図4(b)のサブバッテリ入出力損失は、主にサブバッテリ6の充放電に伴い内部抵抗によって発生するジュール熱である。サブバッテリ入出力損失は、サブバッテリ充電量が大きいほど大きくなり、かつ、サブバッテリ充電量が大きいほど正の傾きが大きくなる。
したがって、通常時のサブバッテリ電圧に基づくサブバッテリ充電量がW0より小さいとき(W−)、エンジン稼働時のサブバッテリ電圧を通常値より高く設定し、通常時のサブバッテリ電圧に基づくサブバッテリ充電量がW0より大きいとき(W+)、エンジン稼働時のサブバッテリ電圧を通常値より低く設定する。
メインバッテリ4のSOCが閾値αより小さいとき、従来技術では、メインバッテリ4からサブバッテリ6への電力供給を完全に停止する。そのため、サブバッテリ6の電力を用いて補機の駆動等を行うと、サブバッテリSOCが下がり続ける。そして、時刻t2と時刻t3との間で「サブバッテリ上がりSOC」を下回り、サブバッテリ上がりを招くこととなる。
一方、時刻t1〜t2のエンジン稼働時には、エンジン2の駆動力によりモータジェネレータ31が発電した回生電力を用いてサブバッテリ充電量を増加させるため、サブバッテリSOCが上昇する。したがって、エンジン非稼働時よりもさらにサブバッテリ上がりを防止することができる。このとき、回生電力はメインバッテリ4にも充電され、EV走行用の電力としても利用されるため、同時にEV走行性能を確保することができる。
さらに、図4に示すように、サブバッテリへの充電量は、エンジン損失とサブバッテリ入出力損失との和であるシステム損失が最小となるように決定されることで、システム効率を最適とすることができる。
本発明の第2実施形態のハイブリッド車制御装置が適用されるハイブリッド車の構成について、図6を参照して説明する。
図6に示すように、ハイブリッド車102は、DCDCコンバータ5のサブバッテリ6側に電気ヒータ7が接続されている。電気ヒータ7は、電気エネルギーによって発熱し、車室の暖房や車両各部の暖機に用いられるヒートポンプ、PTCヒータ、シートヒータ等を総称する。HV−ECU80は、電気ヒータ7の要求出力に応じて、DCDCコンバータ5から電気ヒータ7へ供給される電力を制御する。
第2実施形態の制御では、図2におけるサブバッテリ電圧を設定するステップS21、S41、S51に続き、電気ヒータ出力を設定するステップS22、S42、S52がさらに実行される。
メインバッテリ4のSOCが閾値α未満(S1:YES)でエンジン非稼働時(S3:NO)には、S41に続き、S42にて電気ヒータ出力を通常値より小さく設定する。
メインバッテリ4のSOCが閾値α未満(S1:YES)でエンジン稼働時(S3:YES)には、S51に続き、S52にて電気ヒータ出力をエンジン非稼働時の値より大きく設定する。
本制御を適用しない場合、電気ヒータ出力は、エンジン2のON/OFFに関係なく推移する。本制御を適用した場合、エンジン2が停止する時刻t6〜時刻t7の期間では、電気ヒータ出力は、本制御なしの場合に比べて小さくなる。また、エンジン2が稼動する時刻t5〜時刻t6の期間、及び、時刻t7〜時刻t8の期間では、電気ヒータ出力は、エンジン2の停止時に比べて大きくなる。そのため、エンジン2のON/OFF切替時に電気ヒータ出力はステップ状に変化する。
この電気ヒータ出力制御では、サブバッテリ電圧制御と同様に、エンジン非稼動時、すなわち主にEV走行時には、電気ヒータ出力を通常時に設定される通常値より小さく設定し、エンジン稼動時には、電気ヒータ出力をエンジン非稼動時の設定値より大きく設定する。これにより、メインバッテリのSOCが閾値αより低いとき、暖房又は暖機性能の低下を抑制しつつ、EV走行時の電力消費量を通常時より低減することができる。
本発明の第3実施形態のハイブリッド車制御装置が適用されるハイブリッド車の構成について、図11を参照して説明する。
図11に示すように、ハイブリッド車103では、電気ヒータ7はDCDCコンバータ5のメインバッテリ4側に接続されており、モータジェネレータ31からの回生電力又はメインバッテリ4から放電された電力が供給され、車両の暖房又は暖機用に発熱する。
ただし、第2実施形態で説明した、メインバッテリ4のSOCが閾値αより低いとき、エンジン稼働時か非稼働時かによって電気ヒータ7の出力を変えるという制御は、電気ヒータ7がサブバッテリ6側に接続された構成を前提とするものである。そのため、第3実施形態の特徴的な制御は、第1実施形態の制御と基本的に同様である。
上記実施形態の図1、図6、図11では、本発明のハイブリッド車制御装置が適用されるハイブリッド車の例として、1つのモータジェネレータ31を備える構成を示した。この他、本発明のハイブリッド車制御装置は、駆動力源としてのエンジンと2つのモータジェネレータ、及び、エンジンの動力を分割する動力分割機構を備えた、いわゆるシリーズパラレルハイブリッド自動車に適用されてもよい。
また、エンジン、及び、エンジンの駆動力によって電力を発電するモータジェネレータに代えて、水素と酸素を化学反応させて発電する燃料電池を発電手段とするものであってもよい。この場合、特許請求の範囲の「エンジン」は、「燃料電池」に読み替えられる。
以上、本発明は、上記実施形態になんら限定されるものではなく、発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の形態で実施可能である。
2 ・・・エンジン、
31・・・モータジェネレータ、
4 ・・・メインバッテリ、
5 ・・・DCDCコンバータ、
6 ・・・サブバッテリ、
7 ・・・電気ヒータ、
80・・・HV−ECU(ハイブリッド車制御装置)。
Claims (7)
- エンジン(2)と、
前記エンジンの駆動力によって発電するモータジェネレータ(31)と、
前記モータジェネレータとの電力の授受により充放電可能なメインバッテリ(4)と、
前記メインバッテリと電気的に接続されたサブバッテリ(6)と、
前記メインバッテリと前記サブバッテリとの間に設けられ、前記メインバッテリからの入力電圧を前記サブバッテリへの出力電圧であるサブバッテリ電圧に変換するDCDCコンバータ(5)と、
を備えるハイブリッド車(101、102、103)に適用され、少なくとも前記サブバッテリ電圧を制御するハイブリッド車制御装置(80)であって、
前記メインバッテリのSOCが所定の閾値(α)より低いとき、
エンジン非稼動時には、前記サブバッテリ電圧を前記メインバッテリのSOCが前記閾値以上のときである通常時に設定される通常値より低く設定することで、前記サブバッテリへの充電量を前記通常時よりも減少させ、
エンジン稼動時には、前記サブバッテリ電圧をエンジン非稼働時の設定値より高く設定することで、前記サブバッテリへの充電量をエンジン非稼働時よりも増加させることを特徴とするハイブリッド車制御装置。 - エンジン稼働時に前記サブバッテリ電圧をエンジン非稼動時よりも高く設定する制御において、
車両の駆動負荷が低い時ほど前記サブバッテリ電圧を高く設定し、前記サブバッテリへの充電量を増加させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のハイブリッド車制御装置。 - 前記サブバッテリへの充電量は、エンジン損失と、前記サブバッテリの充放電に伴うサブバッテリ入出力損失との和であるシステム損失が最小となるように決定されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のハイブリッド車制御装置。
- 前記DCDCコンバータの前記サブバッテリ側に電気的に接続され車両の暖房又は暖機に用いられる電気ヒータ(7)をさらに備えるハイブリッド車(102)に適用され、
エンジン非稼動時には、前記電気ヒータの出力を前記通常時に設定される通常値より小さく設定し、
エンジン稼動時には、前記電気ヒータの出力をエンジン非稼動時の設定値より大きく設定することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のハイブリッド車制御装置。 - エンジン稼働時に前記電気ヒータの出力をエンジン非稼動時より大きく設定する制御において、
車両の駆動負荷が低い時ほど前記電気ヒータの出力を大きく設定し、前記DCDCコンバータから前記電気ヒータに供給される電力を増加させることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のハイブリッド車制御装置。 - エンジン非稼動時に設定される前記電気ヒータの出力減少量は、過去の所定時から現在までの期間、又は過去の所定期間におけるエンジン稼動時の前記電気ヒータの出力増加量の積算値に基づいて決定されることを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載のハイブリッド車制御装置。
- エンジン稼働時に前記DCDCコンバータに供給される電力について、
前記メインバッテリからの放電量をゼロとし、前記モータジェネレータによる回生電力のみを供給することを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のハイブリッド車制御装置。
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Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |