JP6025870B2 - Coシフト触媒、coシフト反応装置及びガス化ガスの精製方法 - Google Patents
Coシフト触媒、coシフト反応装置及びガス化ガスの精製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6025870B2 JP6025870B2 JP2014554051A JP2014554051A JP6025870B2 JP 6025870 B2 JP6025870 B2 JP 6025870B2 JP 2014554051 A JP2014554051 A JP 2014554051A JP 2014554051 A JP2014554051 A JP 2014554051A JP 6025870 B2 JP6025870 B2 JP 6025870B2
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- gas
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- shift
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- gasification gas
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 86
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims description 70
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 59
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 154
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 154
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 22
- AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012378 ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- FIXLYHHVMHXSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-H azane;dihydroxy(dioxo)molybdenum;trioxomolybdenum;tetrahydrate Chemical compound N.N.N.N.N.N.O.O.O.O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O FIXLYHHVMHXSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 8
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 8
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- TVAATYMJWZHIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Mo] TVAATYMJWZHIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017318 Mo—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 cyan Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
一方、石炭を付加価値の高いエネルギー媒体として、変換するためには石炭ガス化技術、ガス精製技術などの高度な技術が必要とされる。
このガス化ガスを用いて発電する石炭ガス化複合発電システムが提案されている(特許文献1)。
CO+H2O⇔ CO2+H2+40.9kJ/mol (発熱反応) ・・・(1)
そこで、C析出への対策として、過剰の水蒸気量(水蒸気(H2O)/CO≧3)を添加する必要があった。
つまり、シフト反応器に供給しつつ水蒸気添加割合(H2O/CO)のための水蒸気添加源として、例えばHRSG(排熱回収ボイラ)よりの抽気中圧蒸気を用いているが、抽気水蒸気量を低減することが、プラント効率向上を図る上で重要な要素であるため、HRSG(排熱回収ボイラ)からの抽気水蒸気量をなるべく減らすことが、発電効率上昇の点から求められている。
図1に示すように、ガス化ガス精製システム10は、燃料Fである石炭をガス化するガス化炉11と、生成ガスであるガス化ガス12中の煤塵を除去するフィルタ13と、フィルタ13を通過した後のガス化ガス12中のハロゲンを除去する湿式スクラバ装置14と、熱交換後のガス化ガス12中のCO2及びH2Sを吸収除去する吸収塔15Aと再生する再生塔15Bからなると共に再生塔15B側に再生過熱器16を備えたガス精製装置15と、ガス化ガス12の温度を上げる第1の熱交換器17及び第2の熱交換器18と、温度が例えば300℃に上昇されたガス化ガス12中のCOをCO2に変換して精製ガス22とするCOシフト触媒19を備えたCOシフト反応装置20と、を具備するものである。なお、図1中、符号21は水蒸気を図示する。
次いで、水蒸気21が水蒸気供給装置(水蒸気供給手段)により供給された後、COシフト触媒19を有するCOシフト反応装置20に導入される。このCOシフト反応装置20により、ガス化ガス12中の一酸化炭素(CO)を改質し、COシフト触媒19下で二酸化炭素(CO2)に変換するようにしている。
この平均細孔径を大きくするために、担体の焼成温度を通常の500℃から、550℃以上、好ましくは、600℃以上、より好ましくは、700℃以上の高温での焼成を所定時間行うようにしている。
以下、本発明の効果を示す試験例について説明する。
1)試験触媒1の製法
石原産業製酸化チタン(TiO2(「MC−90」商品名))を100g磁製皿に入れ、150mlの水に溶かした硝酸ニッケル・6水和物(NN)とモリブデン酸アンモニウム・4水和物(MA)を、最終的に得られる全粉末量に対してNiOが4重量%、MoO3が14重量%担持されるように添加後、磁製皿上で蒸発乾固含浸した。そして、得られた粉末を乾燥器で完全に乾燥後、600℃で3時間(昇温速度100℃/h)焼成を施すことにより粉末触媒を得た。
得られた粉末触媒を30tonの加圧成形器で粉末を固定化させた後、粒径が所定粒径(例えば2〜4mm)の範囲となるように破砕後篩い分けして試験触媒1を得た。
石原産業製酸化チタン(TiO2(「MC−90」商品名))を100g磁製皿に入れ、150mlの水に溶かした硝酸ニッケル・6水和物(NN)とモリブデン酸アンモニウム・4水和物(MA)を、最終的に得られる全粉末量に対してNiOが4重量%、MoO3が14重量%担持されるように添加後、磁製皿上で蒸発乾固含浸した。そして、得られた粉末を乾燥器で完全に乾燥後、700℃で3時間(昇温速度100℃/h)焼成を施すことにより粉末触媒を得た。
得られた触媒粉末を30tonの加圧成形器で粉末を固定化させた後、粒径が所定粒径(例えば2〜4mm)の範囲となるように破砕後篩い分けして試験触媒2を得た。
石原産業製酸化チタン(TiO2(「MC−90」商品名))を100g磁製皿に入れ、150mlの水に溶かした硝酸ニッケル・6水和物(NN)とモリブデン酸アンモニウム・4水和物(MA)を、最終的に得られる全粉末量に対してNiOが4重量%、MoO3が14重量%担持されるように添加後、磁製皿上で蒸発乾固含浸した。そして、得られた粉末を乾燥器で完全に乾燥後、800℃で3時間(昇温速度100℃/h)焼成を施すことにより粉末触媒を得た。
得られた触媒粉末を30tonの加圧成形器で粉末を固定化させた後、粒径が所定粒径(例えば2〜4mm)の範囲となるように破砕後篩い分けして試験触媒3を得た。
石原産業製酸化チタン(TiO2(「MC−90」商品名))を100g磁製皿に入れ、150mlの水に溶かした硝酸ニッケル・6水和物(NN)とモリブデン酸アンモニウム・4水和物(MA)を、最終的に得られる全粉末量に対してNiOが2重量%、MoO3が7重量%担持されるように添加後、磁製皿上で蒸発乾固含浸した。そして、得られた粉末を乾燥器で完全に乾燥後、700℃で3時間(昇温速度100℃/h)焼成を施すことにより粉末触媒を得た。
得られた触媒粉末を30tonの加圧成形器で粉末を固定化させた後、粒径が所定粒径(例えば2〜4mm)の範囲となるように破砕後篩い分けして試験触媒4を得た。
石原産業製酸化チタン(TiO2(「MC−90」商品名))を100g磁製皿に入れ、150mlの水に溶かした硝酸ニッケル・6水和物(NN)とモリブデン酸アンモニウム・4水和物(MA)を、最終的に得られる全粉末量に対してNiOが10重量%、MoO3が20重量%担持されるように添加後、磁製皿上で蒸発乾固含浸した。そして、得られた粉末を乾燥器で完全に乾燥後、700℃で3時間(昇温速度100℃/h)焼成を施すことにより粉末触媒を得た。
得られた触媒粉末を30tonの加圧成形器で粉末を固定化させた後、粒径が所定粒径(例えば2〜4mm)の範囲となるように破砕後篩い分けして試験触媒5を得た。
試験触媒2の製法において、含浸する前に酸化チタン(TiO2(「MC−90」商品名))を100g磁製皿に入れ、700℃で3時間(昇温速度100℃/h)焼成を施し、その後、150mlの水に溶かした硝酸ニッケル・6水和物(NN)とモリブデン酸アンモニウム・4水和物(MA)を、最終的に得られる全粉末量に対してNiOが4重量%、MoO3が14重量%担持されるように添加後、Ni及びMoを蒸発乾固法で含浸処理し、乾燥後、500℃で3時間(昇温速度100℃/h)焼成を施すことにより試験触媒6を得た。
石原産業製酸化チタン(TiO2(「MC−90」商品名))を100g磁製皿に入れ、150mlの水に溶かした硝酸ニッケル・6水和物(NN)とモリブデン酸アンモニウム・4水和物(MA)を、最終的に得られる全粉末量に対してNiOが4重量%、MoO3が10重量%担持されるように添加後、磁製皿上で蒸発乾固含浸した。そして、得られた粉末を乾燥器で完全に乾燥後、500℃で3時間(昇温速度100℃/h)焼成を施すことにより粉末触媒を得た。
得られた触媒粉末を30tonの加圧成形器で粉末を固定化させた後、粒径が所定粒径(例えば2〜4mm)の範囲となるように破砕後篩い分けして比較触媒1を得た。
石原産業製酸化チタン(TiO2(「MC−90」商品名))を100g磁製皿に入れ、150mlの水に溶かした硝酸ニッケル・6水和物(NN)とモリブデン酸アンモニウム・4水和物(MA)を、最終的に得られる全粉末量に対してNiOが4重量%、MoO3が14重量%担持されるように添加後、磁製皿上で蒸発乾固含浸した。そして、得られた粉末を乾燥器で完全に乾燥後、850℃で3時間(昇温速度100℃/h)焼成を施すことにより粉末触媒を得た。
得られた触媒粉末を30tonの加圧成形器で粉末を固定化させた後、粒径が所定粒径(例えば2〜4mm)の範囲となるように破砕後篩い分けして比較触媒2を得た。
評価試験は、内径14mmの管型反応管に触媒を3.3cc充填し、流通式マイクロリアクタ装置により触媒活性を評価した。
初期の触媒活性の比較は、触媒層入口、出口のガス流量変化のCO転化率を求めた。
ガス組成は、H2/CO/CO2=30/50/20モル%、H2S=700ppm、S/CO=1.0とし、0.9MPa、温度250℃、SV=6、000h-1の条件で試験した。
CO転化率(%)=(1−(触媒層出口COガス流速(mol/時間))/(触媒層入口COガス流速(mol/時間)))×100・・・(I)
ガス組成は、H2/CO/CO2=30/50/20モル%、H2S=700ppm、S/CO=0.1とし、0.9MPa、温度450℃、SV=2、000h-1の条件で試験した。
いずれの触媒もCO転化率の劣化割合は85%〜95%と良好であり、大幅な低下はなかった。
図2により明らかなように、試験触媒2は、細孔径が大きい(403Å)ので、初期のCO転化率は比較触媒1(73.2%)より小さい(65%)ものの、耐久試験で炭素析出があった場合においても、100時間経過後のCO転化率(%)は、比較触媒1の結果(54.9%)に較べて、61.3%とその劣化割合は小さい(94%)ものであった。
本実施例に係るCOシフト反応装置20を備えた石炭ガス化発電プラントについて、図面を参照して説明する。図3は、石炭ガス化発電プラントの一例を示す図である。図3に示すように、石炭ガス化発電プラント50は、ガス化炉11と、フィルタ13と、COS変換装置51と、COシフト反応装置20と、ガス精製装置(H2S/CO2回収装置)15と、複合発電設備52とを有する。
その後、H2Sを含むガス化ガス12をCOシフト反応装置20に供給すると共に水蒸気21をCOシフト反応装置20内に供給し、COシフト反応装置20内でガス化ガス12中のCOをCO2に変換するCOシフト反応を起こさせる。
このCOシフト反応装置20では、本発明にかかるCOシフト触媒を用いているので、上述の通り水蒸気量を大幅に低減させても、改質ガスを長期間に亙って効率よく生成することができる。
COシフト反応装置20でガス化ガス12中のCOをCO2に変換した後、得られた改質ガスをガス精製装置15であるH2S/CO2回収装置に供給し、H2S/CO2回収装置で改質ガス中のCO2及びH2Sを除去する。
これにより、COシフト反応において、少ない水蒸気で安定してCOシフト反応を継続することができるので、HRSG64から抽気する水蒸気量を減らすことができ、石炭ガス化発電プラント50のエネルギー効率が向上した運転を行うことが可能となる。
11 ガス化炉
12 ガス化ガス
13 フィルタ
14 湿式スクラバ装置
15A 吸収塔
15B 再生塔
15 ガス精製装置
19 COシフト触媒
20 COシフト反応装置
21 水蒸気
22 精製ガス
Claims (4)
- ガス中の一酸化炭素(CO)を改質するCOシフト触媒であって、
酸化チタンからなる担体に、NiO及びMoO 3 の担持成分が担持され、且つ、
前記担体と担持成分からなる触媒の焼成後の平均細孔径が30nm以上であり、アナターゼ型の結晶構造であることを特徴とするCOシフト触媒。 - 請求項1において、
前記MoO3の担持量が0.1〜25重量%であると共に、NiOの担持量が0.01〜10重量%であることを特徴とするCOシフト触媒。 - 請求項1又は2のCOシフト触媒を反応塔内に充填してなることを特徴とするCOシフト反応装置。
- ガス化炉で得られたガス化ガス中の煤塵をフィルタで除去した後、
湿式スクラバ装置によりさらに前記ガス化ガス中のハロゲンを除去し、
次いで、前記ガス化ガス中の二酸化炭素及び硫化水素を除去し、
請求項1又は2のCOシフト触媒を用いて、前記ガス化ガス中のCOをCO2に変換するCOシフト反応させ、精製ガスを得ることを特徴とするガス化ガスの精製方法。
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WO2011105501A1 (ja) * | 2010-02-24 | 2011-09-01 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Coシフト触媒、coシフト反応装置及びガス化ガスの精製方法 |
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JPWO2014103076A1 (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
AU2012397690B2 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
EP2939740B1 (en) | 2024-04-10 |
US20150291898A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
EP2939740A4 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
CN104507570A (zh) | 2015-04-08 |
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AU2012397690A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
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