JP5997182B2 - 嚢胞性線維症の処置のための新規組成物 - Google Patents
嚢胞性線維症の処置のための新規組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5997182B2 JP5997182B2 JP2013552912A JP2013552912A JP5997182B2 JP 5997182 B2 JP5997182 B2 JP 5997182B2 JP 2013552912 A JP2013552912 A JP 2013552912A JP 2013552912 A JP2013552912 A JP 2013552912A JP 5997182 B2 JP5997182 B2 JP 5997182B2
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- inhibitor
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Classifications
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Description
IB3−1細胞を完全増殖培地(LHC−8+5%FCS)中で6ウェルプレート(図1において0.2*106細胞/ウェル;図2において0.4*106細胞)上に蒔いた。次の日に、アデニンヌクレオチドのプールを、アデノシンデアミナーゼ(1単位/ml)を含有するダルベッコ変法イーグル培地(DMEM)中で[3H]アデニン(1μCi/ウェル)と共に4時間培養することにより、代謝的に標識した。その後、その培地を新しい培地と取り替え;細胞を(0.1から30μMまでの範囲の対数的に間隔を空けた濃度での)トレプロスチニルの単独添加または示した濃度のPDE阻害剤との組み合わせでのトレプロスチニルの添加により刺激した。30分間保温した後、細胞を過塩素酸の添加により溶解させた。
IB3−1細胞は変異したCFTR−ΔF508のみを内因的に発現し、それは細胞内で保持される。適切な操作(例えば薬理学的シャペロン(pharmaco−chaperones)または低温培養)を用いて、その変異体CFTR−ΔF508を小胞体からERに移動させることが可能であり;細胞表面において挿入された場合、cAMPを高めることによりCl−コンダクタンスを刺激することができる。しかし、結果として生じるCl−コンダクタンスは小さい。トレプロスチニルにより誘導されるcAMPの蓄積がCFTRの活性化へと変換されることを明確に証明するために、我々は野生型CFTRのGFPタグ化版を一過性に発現させた(そのGFPタグは、細胞表面におけるそのタンパク質を発現する細胞の同定を可能にした)。図3から理解できるように、トレプロスチニルは−40mVの保持電位から+60mVへの脱分極により誘導される電流の強い活性化を引き起こした。その最大の作用は遅延し、すなわち、それはその化合物のウォッシュイン(wash−in)の数秒後にようやく観察された。同様に、オフになる(turn−off)反応におけるヒステリシスもあり;その電流はウォッシュアウトの約100秒後にようやく基底へと減衰した。これらの遅延した応答は、(i)シグナル伝達カスケード(すなわち、受容体依存性のGsの活性化、Gαs依存性のcAMP形成の活性化、および続いて起こるプロテインキナーゼA依存性のCFTRのリン酸化)への干渉および(ii)ホスホジエステラーゼ類による増大したcAMPの非活性化の遅延を反映している。類似の遅延は、細胞を陽性対照として用いられたアデニリルシクラーゼの直接的な活性化剤であるフォルスコリンで刺激した場合にも見られた。
電気生理学
ホールセルパッチクランプ技法を利用して、Axoclamp 200Bパッチクランプ用増幅器(Axon Instruments)を用いて22±1.5℃で電流の記録を実施した。ピペットは、記録ピペット溶液(組成:110mM CsCl、5mM EGTA、2mM MgCl2、1mM K2.ATP、10mM Hepes、pHをCsOHを用いて7.2に調整した)を充填した際、1〜2MΩの抵抗を有した。電圧固定プロトコルおよびデータ取得を、pclamp 6.0ソフトウェア(Axon Instruments)を用いて実施した。データは2kHz(−3dB)で低域フィルタをかけられ、10〜20kHzでデジタル化された。細胞を連続的に外部溶液で灌流した(組成:145mM NaCl、4.5mM KCl、2mM CaCl2、1mM MgCl2、5mM グルコース、10mM Hepes、pHをNaOHを用いて7.4に調整した)。示されている場合、その外部溶液はトレプロスチニル(10μM)またはフォルスコリン(5μM)を含有し、溶液間の切り替えは電子制御式圧力弁により達成された。
IB3−1細胞を、5%ウシ胎児血清(FCS)を含有するLHC−8培地(Gibco)中で、フィブロネクチン(10μg/mL)、ラットコラーゲンI(30μg/mL)、およびBSA(10μg/mL)で覆われたディッシュ(Nunc、直径3.5cm)上で増殖させた。細胞を、ヒトのGFPタグ化野生型CFTRの発現を駆動するプラスミドで、Lipofectamine plus(登録商標)(Invitrogen)を製造業者の説明書に従って用いることにより、一過性に形質移入した。
導入
以前の観察は、ヒトの気道上皮細胞において、トレプロスチニルに誘導されるcAMPの蓄積がホスホジエステラーゼ−4(PDE4)イソ型の阻害剤により特異的に増進されることを示した。
細胞株および細胞培養:
以下のヒト気管支上皮細胞株をATCCにより得た:BEAS−2B(ATCC CRL−9609)、NuLi−1(ATCC CRL−4011)、IB3−1(ATCC CRL−2777)、CuFi−1(ATCC CRL−4013)。細胞をATCCの推奨において概説されている培養条件を用いて増殖させ、例えばIB3−1細胞を、5%ウシ胎児血清(FCS)を含有するLHC−8培地(Gibco)中で、フィブロネクチン(10μg/mL)、ラットコラーゲンI(30μg/mL)、およびBSA(10μg/mL)でコートされたディッシュ上で、37℃において、5%CO2の加湿した雰囲気中で維持した。BEAS−2B細胞を、37℃において、5%CO2の加湿した雰囲気中で、BEGM培地(Lonza)中で、コラーゲンIV(0.25%酢酸中60μg/ml)で予めコートされたディッシュ上で維持し;そのBEGMキットと共に提供されたGA−1000(ゲンタマイシン−アンホテリシンB混合物)はその培地に添加しなかった。CFTRの内因性発現のレベルは低すぎて、信頼できるシグナルを得られなかった。従って、BEAS−2B細胞を、ヒトのGFPタグ化野生型CFTRの発現を駆動するプラスミドで、Lipofectamine plus(登録商標)(Invitrogen)を製造業者の説明書に従って用いることにより、一過性に形質移入した。このGFPタグ化CFTRを発現する細胞を蛍光顕微鏡法により同定し、それに対して下記で概説するようなパッチクランプ記録を行った。
IB3−1細胞を完全増殖培地(LHC−8+5%FCS)中で6ウェルプレートのPDLでコートされたウェル上に蒔いた(2〜2.5*105細胞/ウェル)。次の日に、細胞のアデニンヌクレオチドのプールを、ダルベッコ変法イーグル培地(DMEM)中でアデノシンデアミナーゼ(5μg/ml)の存在下で[3H]アデニン(1μCi/ウェル)と共に4時間培養することにより、代謝的に標識した。その後、その培地を新しいDMEMと取り替え、cAMPの形成を、異なる濃度の以下のホスホジエステラーゼ(PDE)阻害剤:イブジラスト(0.3〜1000μM)、Ro−20−1724(0.03〜300μM)、ロフルミラスト(1nM〜10μM)、ジピリダモール(0.01〜100μM)、アムリノン(1、10、100μM)、アナグレリド(1、10、100μM)、エノキシモン(1、10、100μM)、ミルリノン(1、10、100μM)およびシロスタゾール(0.1〜100μM)の非存在下および存在下で、5μMのフォルスコリン(アデニリルシクラーゼの直接的な活性化剤)または10μMのトレプロスチニルの添加により、37℃で20分間刺激した。一部の場合において、これらの阻害剤の基底cAMP蓄積への作用は、細胞を一切の追加の刺激の非存在下で、増大する濃度のPDE阻害剤(すなわち、1、10および100μMでのジピリダモール、イブジラストおよびRo−20−1724;0.1、1および10μMでのロフルミラスト)と共に培養することにより調べた。トレプロスチニルに関する濃度反応曲線は、トレプロスチニル(0.1〜30μM)を単独で、または100μMのRo−20−1724、100μMのイブジラストもしくは5μMのロフルミラストとの組み合わせで添加することにより得られた。その3通りで実施された反応を、2.5%過塩素酸を0.1mMの(未標識の)cAMPと一緒に添加することにより停止した。[3H]cAMPを、Dowex 50WX−4および中性アルミナカラム上での順次のクロマトグラフィーにより単離した。[3H]cAMPの形成を、液体シンチレーション計数により定量化した。
ホールセルパッチクランプ技法を利用して、Axoclamp 200Bパッチクランプ用増幅器(Axon Instruments)を用いて22±1.5℃で電流の記録を実施した。ピペットは、記録ピペット溶液(組成:110mM CsCl、5mM EGTA、2mM MgCl2、1mM K2.ATP、10mM Hepes、pHをCsOHを用いて7.2に調整した)を充填した際、1〜2MΩの抵抗を有した。電圧固定プロトコルおよびデータ取得を、pclamp 6.0ソフトウェア(Axon Instruments)を用いて実施した。データは2kHz(−3dB)で低域フィルタをかけられ、10〜20kHzでデジタル化された。細胞を連続的に外部溶液で灌流した(組成:145mM NaCl、4.5mM KCl、2mM CaCl2、1mM MgCl2、5mM グルコース、10mM Hepes、pHをNaOHを用いて7.4に調整した)。示されている場合、その外部溶液はトレプロスチニル(10μM)またはフォルスコリン(5μM)を含有し、溶液間の切り替えは電子制御式圧力弁により達成された。
PDEイソ型の調査は、PDE阻害剤はヒト気管支上皮細胞中のcAMPの蓄積に対して著しい作用を有するはずであることを予測する。加えて、この分析はホスホジエステラーゼ類の更なるイソ型の存在に関する証拠も提供した。従って、PDE−4選択的阻害剤であるロフルミラストおよびイブジラストを試験し、それらの作用を以下のいくつかの更なるPDE阻害剤の作用と比較した:RO20−1724、PDE4優先性を有する非選択的PDE阻害剤;ジピリダモール、それは受動拡散型ヌクレオシドトランスポーター−1および−2(ENT1およびENT2)を遮断し、加えてPDE5、PDE7A、PDE8A、PDE10AおよびPDE11を阻害する(Soderling et al., 1998; Hetman et al., 2000a&b; Omori & Kotera, 2007)。アムリノン、ミルリノンおよびシロスタゾール、それらはPDE3イソ型の選択的阻害剤である;アナグレリド、それはPDE2およびPDE3を阻害する。イブジラストはロフルミラストよりも選択性が低く、PDE10イソ型およびPDE11イソ型も阻害する。そのアプローチはcAMPレベルの制御に焦点を合わせた;従って、cGMP特異的酵素PDE5、PDE6およびPDE9はそれ以上考慮しなかった(Bender & Beavo, 2006; Omori & Kotera, 2007)。
PDE4イソ型の阻害はトレプロスチニルに誘導されるcAMPの蓄積を増進したため、この操作はトレプロスチニルの嚢胞性線維症膜コンダクタンス制御因子/Cl−チャンネル(CFTR)を通る塩素イオン電流への作用を増進すると予想された。これは事実であり:トレプロスチニルはCFTRの持続的な活性化を引き起こし;その結果として生じた外向きの電流を−20から−80mVへの電圧ジャンプにより検出することができる。ロフルミラストの(ならびに他のPDE4阻害剤、例えばイブジラストおよびRO20−1724の)添加は、その電流の更なる増大を引き起こした。その電流は、特異的阻害剤により可逆的に遮断されることから、CFTRによって運ばれている。
1)ヒト気道上皮細胞は、トレプロスチニルにより標的化されてcAMPを上昇させ、それによりヒト気道上皮細胞におけるCFTRを活性化することができるいくつかの受容体を発現している。
ルに対する応答を有効に増大させる。
ある態様において、本発明は以下であってもよい。
[態様1]少なくとも1種類のプロスタサイクリンもしくはプロスタサイクリン類似体またはそれらの医薬的に許容できる塩および少なくとも1種類のホスホジエステラーゼ(PDE)4阻害剤を含む、嚢胞性線維症の予防または処置における使用のための組成物。
[態様2]前記プロスタサイクリン類似体が、トレプロスチニル、イロプロスト、シカプロストもしくはベラプロストまたはそれらの医薬的に許容できる塩類の群から選択される、態様1に記載の組成物。
[態様3]前記プロスタサイクリン類似体が、トレプロスチニルの酸誘導体、トレプロスチニルのプロドラッグ、トレプロスチニルの多形体またはトレプロスチニルの異性体の群から選択される、態様1または2に記載の組成物。
[態様4]前記PDE4阻害剤が、Ro20−1724、イブジラスト、ロフルミラストおよびそのN−オキシド、シロミラスト、BAY19−8004、CC3、AWD12−281、SCH351591、シクラミラスト、ピクラミラスト、CGH2466、メセンブリン、ロリプラム、ルテオリンおよびドロタベリンの群から選択される、態様1〜3のいずれか1に記載の組成物。
[態様5]トレプロスチニル、ならびにRO20−1724、ロフルミラストおよびイブジラストの群から選択されるPDE4阻害剤を含む、組成物。
[態様6]PDE5阻害剤、PDE7阻害剤またはPDE8阻害剤の群から選択されるさらなるPDE阻害剤が含有されている、態様1〜5のいずれか1に記載の組成物。
[態様7]前記PDE5阻害剤が、アバナフィル、ロデナフィル、ミロデナフィル、クエン酸シルデナフィル、タダラフィル、バルデナフィルまたはウデナフィルから選択される、態様6に記載の組成物。
[態様8]前記PDE7阻害剤およびPDE8阻害剤が、ジピリダモール、BRL50481およびPF−4957325から選択される、態様6に記載の組成物。
[態様9]医薬組成物である、態様1〜8のいずれか1に記載の組成物。
[態様10]吸入のための、態様1〜9のいずれか1に記載の組成物。
[態様11]静脈内もしくは皮下投与用の、または持続放出形態、錠剤およびカプセルの群から選択される、経口的に利用可能な形態用の、態様1〜9のいずれか1に記載の組成物。
[態様12]トレプロスチニルまたはその医薬的に許容できる塩の有効量が少なくとも1.0ng/kg体重である、態様1〜11のいずれか1に記載の組成物。
[態様13]細胞中のcAMPレベルを増大させるための方法であって、前記細胞を、少なくとも1種類のプロスタサイクリンまたはプロスタサイクリン類似体、および少なくとも1種類のPDE4阻害剤、および場合によりPDE5阻害剤、PDE7阻害剤もしくはPDE8阻害剤またはそれらの医薬的に許容できる塩の群から選択される少なくとも1種類の阻害剤と接触させる、前記方法。
[態様14]少なくとも1種類のプロスタサイクリンまたはプロスタサイクリン類似体、および少なくとも1種類のPDE4阻害剤、および場合によりPDE5阻害剤、PDE7阻害剤またはPDE8阻害剤の群から選択される少なくとも1種類の阻害剤を含む療法的組み合わせであって、該プロスタサイクリンまたはプロスタサイクリン類似体、およびPDE4阻害剤、および場合によりPDE5阻害剤、PDE7阻害剤およびPDE8阻害剤の群から選択される少なくとも1種類の阻害剤が、それらを合わせた上で嚢胞性線維症と関係する少なくとも1種類の症状を処置および/または予防するのに十分である量で提供される、前記療法的組み合わせ。
[態様15]態様14に記載の療法的組み合わせであって、プロスタサイクリンまたはプロスタサイクリン類似体、およびPDE4阻害剤、および場合によりPDE5阻害剤、PDE7阻害剤およびPDE8阻害剤の群から選択される少なくとも1種類の阻害剤が吸入による投与のために配合される、前記療法的組み合わせ。
Claims (12)
- トレプロスチニル、シカプロストまたはベラプロストから選択される少なくとも1種類のプロスタサイクリン類似体またはそれらの医薬的に許容できる塩および少なくとも1種類のホスホジエステラーゼ(PDE)4阻害剤を含む、線維症膜コンダクタンス制御因子(CFTR)によるクロライドのコンダクタンスを改善することによる嚢胞性線維症の予防または処置における使用のための組成物。
- 前記PDE4阻害剤が、RO20−1724、イブジラスト、ロフルミラストおよびそのN−オキシド、シロミラスト、BAY19−8004、CC3、AWD12−281、SCH351591、シクラミラスト、ピクラミラスト、CGH2466、メセンブリン、ロリプラム、ルテオリンおよびドロタベリンの群から選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- トレプロスチニル、ならびにRO20−1724、ロフルミラストおよびイブジラストの群から選択されるPDE4阻害剤を含む、組成物。
- PDE5阻害剤、PDE7阻害剤またはPDE8阻害剤の群から選択されるさらなるPDE阻害剤が含有されている、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記PDE5阻害剤が、アバナフィル、ロデナフィル、ミロデナフィル、クエン酸シルデナフィル、タダラフィル、バルデナフィルまたはウデナフィルから選択される、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記PDE7阻害剤およびPDE8阻害剤が、ジピリダモール、BRL50481およびPF−4957325から選択される、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 医薬組成物である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 吸入のための、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 静脈内もしくは皮下投与用の、または持続放出形態、錠剤およびカプセルの群から選択される、経口的に利用可能な形態用の、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- トレプロスチニルまたはその医薬的に許容できる塩の有効量が少なくとも1.0ng/kg体重である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- トレプロスチニル、シカプロストまたはベラプロストから選択される少なくとも1種類のプロスタサイクリン類似体またはそれらの医薬的に許容できる塩、
少なくとも1種類のPDE4阻害剤、並びに
PDE7阻害剤およびPDE8阻害剤の群から選択される少なくとも1種類の阻害剤、
を含む療法的組み合わせであって、
該プロスタサイクリン類似体またはそれらの医薬的に許容できる塩、PDE4阻害剤、並びにPDE7阻害剤およびPDE8阻害剤の群から選択される少なくとも1種類の阻害剤が、それらを合わせた上で嚢胞性線維症と関係する少なくとも1種類の症状を処置および/または予防するのに十分である量で提供される、前記療法的組み合わせ。 - 請求項11に記載の療法的組み合わせであって、プロスタサイクリン類似体またはそれらの医薬的に許容できる塩、PDE4阻害剤、並びにPDE7阻害剤およびPDE8阻害剤の群から選択される少なくとも1種類の阻害剤が吸入による投与のために配合される、前記療法的組み合わせ。
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