JP5990430B2 - Ssd(ソリッドステートドライブ)装置 - Google Patents
Ssd(ソリッドステートドライブ)装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5990430B2 JP5990430B2 JP2012188415A JP2012188415A JP5990430B2 JP 5990430 B2 JP5990430 B2 JP 5990430B2 JP 2012188415 A JP2012188415 A JP 2012188415A JP 2012188415 A JP2012188415 A JP 2012188415A JP 5990430 B2 JP5990430 B2 JP 5990430B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- data
- ssd device
- memory unit
- unit
- ssd
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 135
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
- G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
- G06F12/0223—User address space allocation, e.g. contiguous or non contiguous base addressing
- G06F12/023—Free address space management
- G06F12/0238—Memory management in non-volatile memory, e.g. resistive RAM or ferroelectric memory
- G06F12/0246—Memory management in non-volatile memory, e.g. resistive RAM or ferroelectric memory in block erasable memory, e.g. flash memory
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0602—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems specifically adapted to achieve a particular effect
- G06F3/0614—Improving the reliability of storage systems
- G06F3/0619—Improving the reliability of storage systems in relation to data integrity, e.g. data losses, bit errors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/30—Means for acting in the event of power-supply failure or interruption, e.g. power-supply fluctuations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
- G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
- G06F12/08—Addressing or allocation; Relocation in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems
- G06F12/0802—Addressing of a memory level in which the access to the desired data or data block requires associative addressing means, e.g. caches
- G06F12/0866—Addressing of a memory level in which the access to the desired data or data block requires associative addressing means, e.g. caches for peripheral storage systems, e.g. disk cache
- G06F12/0873—Mapping of cache memory to specific storage devices or parts thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
- G06F3/0655—Vertical data movement, i.e. input-output transfer; data movement between one or more hosts and one or more storage devices
- G06F3/0656—Data buffering arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
- G06F3/0655—Vertical data movement, i.e. input-output transfer; data movement between one or more hosts and one or more storage devices
- G06F3/0659—Command handling arrangements, e.g. command buffers, queues, command scheduling
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0668—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems adopting a particular infrastructure
- G06F3/0671—In-line storage system
- G06F3/0673—Single storage device
- G06F3/0679—Non-volatile semiconductor memory device, e.g. flash memory, one time programmable memory [OTP]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
- G06F2212/10—Providing a specific technical effect
- G06F2212/1032—Reliability improvement, data loss prevention, degraded operation etc
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
- G06F2212/15—Use in a specific computing environment
- G06F2212/152—Virtualized environment, e.g. logically partitioned system
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
- G06F2212/20—Employing a main memory using a specific memory technology
- G06F2212/202—Non-volatile memory
- G06F2212/2022—Flash memory
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
- G06F2212/21—Employing a record carrier using a specific recording technology
- G06F2212/214—Solid state disk
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
- G06F2212/28—Using a specific disk cache architecture
- G06F2212/281—Single cache
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
- G06F2212/30—Providing cache or TLB in specific location of a processing system
- G06F2212/304—In main memory subsystem
- G06F2212/3042—In main memory subsystem being part of a memory device, e.g. cache DRAM
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
- G06F2212/31—Providing disk cache in a specific location of a storage system
- G06F2212/313—In storage device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
- G06F2212/60—Details of cache memory
- G06F2212/604—Details relating to cache allocation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
- G06F2212/72—Details relating to flash memory management
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Techniques For Improving Reliability Of Storages (AREA)
- Memory System Of A Hierarchy Structure (AREA)
Description
(一実施形態)
次に、図3を参照して、本実施形態のSSD装置1の動作の概略について説明する。図3(a)に示すように、キャッシュメモリを持たない一般のSSD装置においては、フラッシュメモリ部14内に書き込まれたデータ(A)30と、このフラッシュメモリ部14内の論理アドレスを管理するための管理テーブル(B)31と、そして、フラッシュメモリ部14へのデータ書き込み/読み出し動作の手順を記載した作業フローを示す作業フローデータ(C)32とが書き込まれている。作業フローデータ32は、SSD装置に対する電断が生じた際に、電断終了後の復帰作業を行う際にこのデータ22を参照して復帰作業を行うためにフラッシュメモリ部14に書き込まれている。従って、管理テーブル31及び作業フローデータ32は、新たなデータが書き込まれれば基本的にフラッシュメモリ部14内に保存しておく必要はない。
なお、本発明のSSD装置は、その細部が上述の一実施形態に限定されず、種々の変形例が可能である。一例として、上述した一実施形態のSSD装置1では、キャッシュメモリ部13に用いる不揮発性のメモリとして、FeRAM、MRAMを例に挙げたが、キャッシュメモリ部13に適用可能な不揮発性メモリはこれに限定されず、例えばReRAM(Resistance Random Access Memory)であってもよく、要は、バッテリー等の電源によるバックアップを行うことなくメモリ内のデータを保持できるメモリであれば適用可能である。
11 コントローラ部
12 インタフェース部
13 キャッシュメモリ部
14 フラッシュメモリ部
21 CPU
22 記憶部
23 入出力部
24 キャッシュ制御部
30、33 データ
31 管理テーブル
32 作業フローデータ
Claims (3)
- フラッシュメモリを用いたSSD(ソリッドステートドライブ)装置であって、
前記フラッシュメモリとは異なる種類の不揮発性メモリと、
前記フラッシュメモリへ書き込むべきデータを受け入れて、前記不揮発性メモリに当該受け入れたデータを保存した後、前記不揮発性メモリから前記フラッシュメモリへ書き込むべき前記データを書き込むコントローラ部とを備え、
前記コントローラ部は、このコントローラ部が行うべき作業フローを示す、作業毎の処理内容に付された番号、前記データの転送元情報、前記データの転送先情報、及び作業完了フラグからなるフローデータを前記不揮発性メモリに保存する
ことを特徴とするSSD装置。 - 前記コントローラ部は、前記SSD装置に対して強制的に電源供給が断たれた後、前記不揮発性メモリ内に保存された前記フローデータを参照して、前記SSD装置の復旧動作を行うことを特徴とする請求項1記載のSSD装置。
- 前記コントローラ部は、前記SSD装置に対して強制的に電源供給が断たれた後、前記SSD装置に対する電断がこのSSD装置の動作のどの時点で生じたかを参照して、前記SSD装置の復旧動作を行うことを特徴とする請求項2記載のSSD装置。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012188415A JP5990430B2 (ja) | 2012-08-29 | 2012-08-29 | Ssd(ソリッドステートドライブ)装置 |
US13/963,501 US9063845B2 (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2013-08-09 | Solid-state drive device |
CN201310381722.1A CN103678177B (zh) | 2012-08-29 | 2013-08-28 | 固态硬盘装置 |
US14/699,838 US9632714B2 (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2015-04-29 | Solid-state drive device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012188415A JP5990430B2 (ja) | 2012-08-29 | 2012-08-29 | Ssd(ソリッドステートドライブ)装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2014048679A JP2014048679A (ja) | 2014-03-17 |
JP5990430B2 true JP5990430B2 (ja) | 2016-09-14 |
Family
ID=50189100
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012188415A Active JP5990430B2 (ja) | 2012-08-29 | 2012-08-29 | Ssd(ソリッドステートドライブ)装置 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US9063845B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5990430B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103678177B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150052390A1 (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2015-02-19 | Breakaway Systems | Apparatus and Method for Microprocessor File System Protection |
US9105333B1 (en) | 2014-07-03 | 2015-08-11 | Sandisk Technologies Inc. | On-chip copying of data between NAND flash memory and ReRAM of a memory die |
US9064569B1 (en) | 2014-07-03 | 2015-06-23 | Sandisk Technologies Inc. | Memory controller with resistive random access memory (ReRAM) |
US9632927B2 (en) | 2014-09-25 | 2017-04-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Reducing write amplification in solid-state drives by separating allocation of relocate writes from user writes |
US10078582B2 (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2018-09-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Non-volatile memory system having an increased effective number of supported heat levels |
US9779021B2 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2017-10-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Non-volatile memory controller cache architecture with support for separation of data streams |
CN104461397A (zh) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-03-25 | 上海新储集成电路有限公司 | 一种固态硬盘及其读写方法 |
CN104616688A (zh) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-05-13 | 上海磁宇信息科技有限公司 | 一种集成mram的固态硬盘控制芯片及固态硬盘 |
CN104810055B (zh) | 2015-05-08 | 2018-09-07 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Flash芯片读写控制电路和方法、AMOLED应用电路 |
JP6460940B2 (ja) | 2015-08-06 | 2019-01-30 | 東芝メモリ株式会社 | 記憶装置およびデータ退避方法 |
US9886208B2 (en) | 2015-09-25 | 2018-02-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Adaptive assignment of open logical erase blocks to data streams |
US10719236B2 (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2020-07-21 | Arm Ltd. | Memory controller with non-volatile buffer for persistent memory operations |
JP6783812B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-13 | 2020-11-11 | 株式会社東芝 | 情報処理装置、情報処理方法およびプログラム |
US10671531B2 (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-06-02 | Seagate Technology Llc | Secondary memory configuration for data backup |
US11340826B2 (en) * | 2019-09-13 | 2022-05-24 | Kioxia Corporation | Systems and methods for strong write consistency when replicating data |
Family Cites Families (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH05216775A (ja) | 1991-10-29 | 1993-08-27 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体記憶装置 |
JPH09311827A (ja) | 1996-05-22 | 1997-12-02 | Fujitsu Ltd | データバックアップ装置 |
JP4281421B2 (ja) | 2003-06-06 | 2009-06-17 | ソニー株式会社 | 情報処理システム及びその制御方法、並びにコンピュータ・プログラム |
JP4060245B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-30 | 2008-03-12 | シャープ株式会社 | メモリ管理装置およびこれを備えたicカード |
US20050251617A1 (en) * | 2004-05-07 | 2005-11-10 | Sinclair Alan W | Hybrid non-volatile memory system |
JP2005258851A (ja) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-22 | Renesas Technology Corp | メモリカード |
US20060002197A1 (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-05 | Rudelic John C | Method and apparatus to detect invalid data in a nonvolatile memory following a loss of power |
US7395452B2 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2008-07-01 | Microsoft Corporation | Method and system for improved reliability in storage devices |
JP2006338370A (ja) * | 2005-06-02 | 2006-12-14 | Toshiba Corp | メモリシステム |
US20070143531A1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-21 | Atri Sunil R | Power loss recovery for bit alterable memory |
KR100755700B1 (ko) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-09-05 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 비휘발성 메모리가 캐쉬로 사용되는 저장 장치 및 그 관리방법 |
US7913003B2 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2011-03-22 | Intel Corporation | Reclaim algorithm for fast edits in a nonvolatile file system |
CN101059749A (zh) * | 2006-04-21 | 2007-10-24 | 技嘉科技股份有限公司 | 挥发式存储装置及具有此挥发式存储装置的串接式混合存储系统 |
KR100843543B1 (ko) * | 2006-10-25 | 2008-07-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 플래시 메모리 장치를 포함하는 시스템 및 그것의 데이터복구 방법 |
CN101604548B (zh) * | 2009-03-26 | 2012-06-27 | 成都市华为赛门铁克科技有限公司 | 一种固态硬盘及数据存储方法 |
JP2012078941A (ja) | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-19 | Toshiba Corp | 情報処理装置及びキャッシュ制御方法 |
JP2012108627A (ja) | 2010-11-15 | 2012-06-07 | Toshiba Corp | メモリシステム |
US9323670B2 (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2016-04-26 | Seagate Technology Llc | Protecting volatile data of a storage device in response to a state reset |
JP5178857B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-16 | 2013-04-10 | 株式会社東芝 | メモリシステム |
JP5914148B2 (ja) | 2012-05-07 | 2016-05-11 | 株式会社バッファローメモリ | Ssd(ソリッドステートドライブ)装置 |
US9177607B2 (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2015-11-03 | Seagate Technology Llc | Logging disk recovery operations in a non-volatile solid-state memory cache |
-
2012
- 2012-08-29 JP JP2012188415A patent/JP5990430B2/ja active Active
-
2013
- 2013-08-09 US US13/963,501 patent/US9063845B2/en active Active
- 2013-08-28 CN CN201310381722.1A patent/CN103678177B/zh active Active
-
2015
- 2015-04-29 US US14/699,838 patent/US9632714B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20140068157A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
US9063845B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 |
CN103678177B (zh) | 2016-08-31 |
US20150242151A1 (en) | 2015-08-27 |
JP2014048679A (ja) | 2014-03-17 |
US9632714B2 (en) | 2017-04-25 |
CN103678177A (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5990430B2 (ja) | Ssd(ソリッドステートドライブ)装置 | |
TWI570737B (zh) | 資料儲存裝置以及快閃記憶體控制方法 | |
US8230161B2 (en) | Data backup method for a flash memory and controller and storage system using the same | |
US8037232B2 (en) | Data protection method for power failure and controller using the same | |
JP2008198310A (ja) | ビットエラーの修復方法および情報処理装置 | |
JP2013061799A (ja) | 記憶装置、記憶装置の制御方法およびコントローラ | |
US20100268865A1 (en) | Static Wear Leveling | |
JP2009237668A (ja) | フラッシュメモリを用いた記憶装置 | |
US20120324145A1 (en) | Memory erasing method, memory controller, and memory storage apparatus | |
JP2013222435A (ja) | 半導体記憶装置及びその制御方法 | |
TWI454922B (zh) | 記憶體儲存裝置及其記憶體控制器與資料寫入方法 | |
JP5592478B2 (ja) | 不揮発性記憶装置及びメモリコントローラ | |
US9047923B1 (en) | Fast shingled tracks recording | |
JP2010086009A (ja) | 記憶装置およびメモリ制御方法 | |
JP5306745B2 (ja) | フラッシュメモリの管理方法及びフラッシュメモリデバイス | |
US20160124650A1 (en) | Data Storage Device and Flash Memory Control Method | |
KR101627322B1 (ko) | 비-휘발성 버퍼를 이용한 데이터 저장 장치 및 방법 | |
JP2009116465A (ja) | 記憶装置及びメモリ制御方法 | |
JP4661369B2 (ja) | メモリコントローラ | |
US20120124275A1 (en) | Memory system and data storage method | |
JP2012108627A5 (ja) | ||
WO2016175762A1 (en) | Storage cache management | |
JP6237177B2 (ja) | 磁気ディスク装置およびストレージ装置 | |
CN110928480B (zh) | 固态储存装置的数据处理方法 | |
JP5255389B2 (ja) | 記憶装置およびメモリ制御方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A625 | Written request for application examination (by other person) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A625 Effective date: 20150417 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20160325 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20160405 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20160530 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20160809 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20160815 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5990430 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
S111 | Request for change of ownership or part of ownership |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313111 |
|
R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |