JP5941246B2 - アレルゲン脱感作方法 - Google Patents
アレルゲン脱感作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/35—Allergens
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/35—Allergens
- A61K39/36—Allergens from pollen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
- A61K9/7007—Drug-containing films, membranes or sheets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/54—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the route of administration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/545—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the dose, timing or administration schedule
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
- A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
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- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
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Description
● IgEの生物学的効果をインビトロで遮断する抗体である、IgG、特にIgG4画分の増加(但し、インビボにおけるこれらの効果の意義は尚、評価の必要がある)、
● TH1反応を促進する、TH1/TH2バランスの変化
● インターロイキン10(IL−10)を産生するT細胞の産生。IL−10は、肥満細胞、或る種のTリンパ球および好酸球に対する抗アレルギー性を有し、さらにIgG4の産生を促進する
によって作用し得る。
異なる脱感作経路を比較する研究において、鼻腔経路による処置は、1年たたないうちに症例の50%近くが早期に中断し、一方、早期中止は、皮下または舌下経路で処置された子供の10%未満に関与するだけであった(Pajno et al., 2005)。
● 紫外線のような物理的手段による侵襲、
● 角質層の構造を改変する反復ストリッピングによる皮膚の機械的侵襲、
● コレラ毒素のような微生物による侵襲、
● 皮膚浸透性の改変、
に付すことによってその反応の免疫プロファイルを改変できるということが立証できた。
a.場合による、患者および/またはアレルゲン(用量、性質、製剤など)の選択;
b.患者へのアレルゲンの適用;および、
c.炎症反応の制御;工程bおよびcは、処置の間、1回または数回反復するのが有利であり、アレルゲンの状態(用量、性質、製剤、適用頻度、暴露時間など)は、炎症反応を持続させるため、処置の間、適宜変化させる
を含む。
− これは、不必要な長期のアレルゲンとの接触を回避し、皮膚の寛容を改善し、掻痒型の不快な二次反応を最小限とし、そして実際に受容および遵守を改善する;
− これは、安全性の点において本方法の性能を向上させ、さらに、落花生に対する過去の多くの脱感作法に対する致死的な全身反応のリスクを最小化する;
− これは、アレルゲンに対する可変的暴露時間という概念を工業プロセスに統合する解決策を提供する。
実施例1.オボアルブミンおよび花粉に対する脱感作
1.1.方法論
OVAおよびPOLの場合、水酸化アルミニウムと組み合わせたアレルゲン10μgの皮下注射によって連続2週間(D0およびD7)BALB/cマウスを感作した。D14にアレルゲンのみを10μg鼻腔滴下でマウスに投与した。
VIASKIN(登録商標)で処置した、またはしなかったマウスについて気管支過敏性を測定した(図1および2)。
2.1.方法論
コレラ毒素10μgと組み合わせたARA(落花生)タンパク質1mgを6日毎に(D1、D7、D13、D19、D25、D33)胃内投与することにより、マウスをARAに対して6週間感作した。
ARA脱感作処置の解析を、マウスにおける特異抗体レベルの解析により検証した(図3)。皮膚上経路または皮内経路により脱感作されたマウスは、特異的IgE(ARAに対するアレルギーのマーカー)レベルが低下し、特異的IgG2aレベルが上昇する。非脱感作マウスにおいて検出できる特異的IgEレベルは高値のままであり、特異的IgG2aレベルは脱感作マウスより低い。皮膚上および皮内脱感作経路の間に顕著な相違は観察されなかった。
異なる研究モデルおよび異なる被験アレルゲンから、
− 炎症反応の持続に基づく皮膚上免疫療法は、全身型の臨床的および生物学的反応のトリガーを可能にする;
− 経口または皮膚経路による予備感作の後に炎症反応の持続に基づく皮膚上免疫療法の恩恵を受けた動物は、皮下または皮内経路による免疫療法を受けた動物に匹敵する、誘発試験に対する反応の減弱を呈する;
− 得られた血清学的反応は、皮膚上免疫療法による寛容プロセスの誘導を裏付ける、
と思われる。
患者の特徴:小児、6歳5ヶ月、18.3kg。慢性下痢、嘔吐、全身性湿疹。牛乳に対してプリックテスト陽性。総IgE 486IU。牛乳特異的IgE 32.7IU。
前もって感作しておいたマウスの皮膚へのアレルゲン適用は、ランゲルハンス細胞およびリンパ節へのそれらの遊走を活性化する(図7A)。
皮膚上脱感作処置の際、目的は、その役割が寛容プロセスに欠かせない、炎症細胞反応を再現することである。実際には、時間と共に変化するのは炎症反応の強度ではなく、特にその性質そのものである。
アレルゲンの適用時間は細胞反応誘発の必須因子である。
適用時間は、目指す型の治療(寛容原性)反応を得るための十分条件ではない。マウスでは、皮膚へのアレルゲン反復投与は、その適用が「短時間」(24時間)であるか「長時間」(48時間)であるかに拘わらず、このアレルゲンに特異的な抗体の産生を引き起こす。適用を継続(最長88日間)した場合、抗体レベルはやはり依然として高いままであるが、Viaskin(登録商標)を48時間適用された対象では、Th1/Th2リンパ球の相対的比率がTh1リンパ球が上昇する方向へと変化する(図8)。
実験データは、本発明方法が、アレルギー患者の皮膚にアレルゲンを単に置くことによって通常得られる反応とはその特徴が異なっている反応の誘導を目指していることを証明している。それは、Viaskin(登録商標)による「長時間」適用後にのみ得られる反応であり、それにより、Th1リンパ球の活性化により実体化される「寛容原性」効果が得られるが、「短時間」適用後に得られる反応はTh2型反応である。
Claims (16)
- アレルゲンに対するアレルギーを持つ対象の皮膚上脱感作のための組成物を製造するための該アレルゲンの使用であって、
(i)対象の皮膚への適用時にその皮膚の適用部位で炎症反応を生じる該アレルゲンの投与量を決定すること、
(ii)アレルゲンと皮膚との間の接触を確実にする、すぐに使える皮膚用デバイスにより、対象の皮膚へ該投与量のアレルゲンを適用して、適用部位で炎症反応を誘導すること、および
(iii)皮膚へのアレルゲンの反復適用により該炎症反応を持続させ、該持続が反復適用の間、アレルゲンの用量、頻度、形態または適用時間のうち一つ以上を調節することを含み、該持続された反応がIgGの増加を引き起こし、対象の脱感作もたらす、
使用。 - IgGが、IgG4である、請求項1に記載の使用。
- Th1リンパ球の方向に免疫応答をシフトすることにより、持続させることが、該アレルゲンに対するアレルギーを持つ対象の寛容を誘導する、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- 反復適用の間に炎症反応が増大した場合、持続させる炎症反応は、アレルゲンの用量、頻度、形態または適用時間のうち1つ以上を減らすことを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 反復適用の間に炎症反応が低下した場合、持続させる炎症反応は、アレルゲンの用量、頻度、形態または適用時間のうち1つ以上を増やすことを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- アレルゲンを対象の無傷の皮膚に適用する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- アレルゲンが、粉末の形態である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- アジュバント化合物を使用せずにアレルゲンを適用する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- すぐに使える皮膚用デバイスが、皮膚密封デバイスである、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 炎症反応が少なくともリファレンスの程度に到達するまでアレルゲンまたはデバイスを皮膚上に維持する、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- リファレンスの程度が、浸潤した紅斑病変としての、または湿疹状の様相を呈する、肉眼で視認できる炎症反応である、請求項10に記載の使用。
- デバイスの裏打ちが、炎症反応を見えるようにする透明領域を含む、請求項9〜11のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 透明領域上に、炎症反応の程度を評価できるグリッドが印刷されている、請求項12に記載の使用。
- 炎症反応を見えるようにするため、デバイスが除去可能である、請求項9〜12のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 異なる形態のアレルゲンに対する対象の炎症反応を決定する工程、および治療形態を選択する工程をさらに含む、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- アレルゲンが、食物、呼吸または皮膚アレルゲンである、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
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FR0759503A FR2924349B1 (fr) | 2007-12-03 | 2007-12-03 | Methode de desensibilitation aux allergenes |
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