JP5919193B2 - 炎症を抑制する組成物 - Google Patents
炎症を抑制する組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5919193B2 JP5919193B2 JP2012533018A JP2012533018A JP5919193B2 JP 5919193 B2 JP5919193 B2 JP 5919193B2 JP 2012533018 A JP2012533018 A JP 2012533018A JP 2012533018 A JP2012533018 A JP 2012533018A JP 5919193 B2 JP5919193 B2 JP 5919193B2
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Description
(1)芳香族炭化水素レセプター(AhR)活性化能を有する、プロバイオティクス。
(2)プロバイオティクスが、乳酸菌、ビフィズス菌およびプロピオン酸菌からなる群から選択される、(1)に記載のプロバイオティクス。
(3)プロバイオティクスが、乳酸菌である、(1)または(2)に記載のプロバイオティクス。
(4)Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus OLL1181菌株(受託番号:FERM BP−11269)。
(6)AhR活性化能を有するプロバイオティクスが、乳酸菌、ビフィズス菌およびプロピオン酸菌からなる群から選択される、(5)に記載の抗炎症剤。
(7)AhR活性化能を有するプロバイオティクスが、乳酸菌である、(5)または(6)に記載の抗炎症剤。
(8)AhR活性化能を有するプロバイオティクスが、Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus OLL1181菌株である、(5)〜(7)のいずれかに記載の抗炎症剤。
(10)経口摂取用組成物が、飲料品組成物、食品組成物、飼料組成物および医薬組成物からなる群から選択される、(9)に記載の経口摂取用組成物。
本発明において、「AhR活性化能」とは、AhR活性化によって開始されるシグナル伝達経路を活性化することができる能力のことをいい、活性化するメカニズムは何であってもよい。したがって、必ずしも菌体そのものがAhRのリガンドである必要はなく、例えば菌が産生する分泌物質がAhR活性化能を有していてもよいし、死菌体またはその破砕物などによってAhRが活性化されてもよい。したがって、本発明において「微生物」、「細菌」という場合または特定の菌についていう場合、生菌そのものだけでなく、死菌体またはその破砕物、該菌の培養物または分泌物も含まれる。しかし、好ましくは生菌、死菌体またはその破砕物などの菌体そのものであり、消化管内で細菌叢を形成することができるという観点から、より好ましくは生菌である。
(a)形態的性質
桿菌
(b)培養的性質
培地名:Lactobacilli MRS Broth (Difco, Ref. No. 288130)
pH:無調整
培養温度:37℃
培養時間:18時間
(1)形状:円形
(2)直径:1〜2mm
(3)色調:白色
(4)隆起状態:半球状
(5)周縁:全縁
(6)表面形状:スムーズ
(7)透明度:不透明
(8)粘稠度:バター様
(c)生理学的性質
(1)グラム染色性:陽性
(2)乳酸発酵形式:ホモ乳酸発酵
(3)酸素要求性:通性嫌気
(4)発育温度:15℃+、45℃−
しかしながら、本発明のプロバイオティクス、抗炎症剤、または経口摂取用組成物の摂取量は、上記に挙げた値に限定されるものではない。
しかしながら、本発明の抗炎症剤または経口摂取用組成物に含まれるプロバイオティクスの含量は、上記に挙げた値に限定されるものではない。
タンパク質としては、例えば全脂粉乳、脱脂粉乳、部分脱脂粉乳、カゼイン、ホエイ粉、ホエイタンパク質、ホエイタンパク質濃縮物、ホエイタンパク質分離物、α−カゼイン、β−カゼイン、κ−カゼイン、β−ラクトグロブリン、α−ラクトアルブミン、ラクトフェリン、大豆タンパク質、鶏卵タンパク質、肉タンパク質などの動植物性タンパク質、これら加水分解物;バター、乳性ミネラル、クリーム、ホエイ、非タンパク態窒素、シアル酸、リン脂質、乳糖などの各種乳由来成分などが挙げられる。
ビタミン類としては、例えば、ビタミンA、カロチン類、ビタミンB群、ビタミンC、ビタミンD群、ビタミンE、ビタミンK群、ビタミンP、ビタミンQ、ナイアシン、ニコチン酸、パントテン酸、ビオチン、イノシトール、コリン、葉酸などが挙げられ、ミネラル類としては、例えば、カルシウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、ナトリウム、銅、鉄、マンガン、亜鉛、セレンなどが挙げられる。
非経口的な投与としては、注射剤などの形での投与を挙げることができる。また、本発明のプロバイオティクス、その培養物またはその加工物を、処置を施したい領域に局所的に投与することもできる。例えば、手術中の局所注入、カテーテルの使用により投与することも可能である。
本発明において、前記発現ユニットを外部から細胞に導入するために使用するプラスミドが、少なくとも1のXRE配列およびその下流のレポーター遺伝子を含むプラスミドである場合、これを異物応答性プラスミドという。また、前記異物応答性プラスミドのレポーター遺伝子がSEAPである場合、異物応答性プラスミドをpXRE−SEAPと表すことができる。異物応答性プラスミドの作製および細胞への導入は、例えばWO2005/113767、WO2007/004361、Kasaiらの論文(Kasai et al., Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006; 211(1):11-19)に準じて行うことができる。
(1)HeXS34細胞の調製
HeXS34細胞の調製は、既報(Kasai et al., Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006; 211(1):11-19)に従って行った。簡潔には、2コピーのXREコンセンサス配列(tctcacgcaactccg)の下流にSEAP遺伝子を導入した異物応答性プラスミドpXRE−SEAPを、Hepa−1c1c7細胞(ネズミヘパトーマ細胞株、American Type Culture Collection (Manassas,VA, USA))に安定的に形質転換することにより、HeXS34細胞を調製した。
MEMα培地(Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA)に10%のウシ胎児血清(FBS)を添加した培地で維持した、(1)で調製したHeXS34細胞を、96ウェルプレートに、ウェル毎に5000個/90μlで播種し、凍結乾燥した熱殺菌済み乳酸菌株10μl(5×109個/ml)の存在下および非存在下で24時間培養した。ポジティブコントロールとして、50pMの2,3,7,8−テトラクロロジベンゾダイオキシン(TCDD)を用いた。また、ネガティブコントロールとして、乳酸菌またはTCDDを添加しないウェルを設けた。培養上清を、続くSEAPアッセイに供した。
(2)で得られた培養上清にGreat EscAPe SEAP Chemiluminescence kit(Clontech)を用いて、化学発光法によりSEAPを定量した。アッセイは3度行い、得られた発光強度(LU)をSEAP活性とし、その平均値を求めた。
なお、菌株名にMEPと記載された菌株は株式会社明治保有菌株である。また、菌種名は下記の表の通りである。
例1のスクリーニングによって、AhR活性化能を有する候補菌株としてOLL1181菌株、AhR活性化能を有さないネガティブコントロールとしてMEP222701菌株を選択し、さらなる実験に供した。例1と同様に、熱殺菌済みの前記2種の乳酸菌株懸濁液(5×109個/ml溶液をそれぞれ5%v/vおよび10%v/vで添加したのもの)で24時間刺激し、培養上清をSEAPアッセイに供した。またXRE領域の活性化にAhRが作用していることを明確に示すため、乳酸菌による刺激の前に、10μMのα−ナフトフラボン(αNF、AhRのアンタゴニスト)で30分間プレインキュベートしたHeXS34細胞とプレインキュベートしなかったHexS34細胞を用いて、それぞれ10%v/vの熱殺菌済みOLL1181菌株懸濁液で24時間刺激後、培養上清を例1.(3)と同様にSEAPアッセイに供した。
(1)Caco2細胞の刺激
ヒト結腸癌由来の細胞であるCaco2細胞を用いて、AhR活性化能の検証を行った。ヒトCaco2細胞を、10%FBSおよび抗生物質を添加したDMEM培地(Invitrogen/Gibco, arlsbad, CA)で培養し、一部を5μMのαNFで30分間プレインキュベートしたのち、プレインキュベートしたものとしていないもの両方について、10%v/vの熱殺菌済みOLL1181菌株懸濁液で4時間刺激した。
(1)で得られたCaco2細胞を定量的リアルタイムPCRに供した。定量的リアルタイムPCRは、ABI 7300 real-time PCRシステム(Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA)を用いて、取扱説明書に基づいて行った。プライマーおよびプローブは、ヒトのCYP1A1用(Assay ID:Hs02382618_s1)およびグリセルアルデヒド−3−リン酸脱水素酵素(GAPDH)用(Assay ID:Hs99999905_m1)のもの(Applied Biosystems)を用いた。GAPDH遺伝子の発現量に対するCYP1A1遺伝子の発現量を計算し、CYP1A1遺伝子の相対発現量として示した。
4〜6週齢のC57BL/6マウス(雌、体重14〜18g、日本SLC社から購入)に、それぞれ200μlの熱殺菌済みOLL1181菌株懸濁液、熱殺菌済みMEP222701菌株懸濁液(5×109個/ml)およびPBSを胃ゾンデにより経口投与した。各菌株の投与用量は、1×109個/bodyに相当する。投与4時間後に大腸を切除し、例3.(2)と同様に、マウスのCYP1A1用(Assay ID:Mm00487218_m1)およびGAPDH用(Assay ID:Mm99999915_g1)プライマーおよびプローブを用いて、定量的リアルタイムPCRでCYP1A1の相対発現量を定量した。
(1)COX−2の発現誘導検証
OLL1181菌株刺激によるAhR活性化によって、COX−2の発現が誘導され、それによってアラキドン酸からプロスタグランジンE2の産生が亢進することを検証するため、定量的リアルタイムPCRのプライマーおよびプローブとして、ヒトおよびマウスのCOX−2(ヒト用Assay ID:Hs01573469_m1、マウス用Assay ID:Mm01307334_g1)およびGAPDH用のものを用いた以外は例3および例4と同様の方法で、COX−2のin vitroおよびin vivoでの発現を確認した。GAPDH遺伝子の発現量に対するCOX−2遺伝子の発現量を計算し、COX−2遺伝子の相対発現量をとして示した。
刺激用の乳酸菌として、OLL1181およびMEP222701に加えて、例1のスクリーニングで高いAhR活性を示したMEP222761も用い、刺激時間を24時間とした以外は例3(1)と同様にヒトCaco2細胞を刺激し、培養上清中に分泌されたPGE2の量を、PGE2 Competitive ELISA kit(Thermo Scientific inc., Watham, MA)を用いて、取扱説明書にしたがって定量した。
腸炎の誘導のため、4〜6週齢のC57BL/6マウス(雌、体重14〜18g、日本SLC社から購入)に7日間、飲用蒸留水に溶解した3%デキストラン硫酸ナトリウム(DSS、分子量5000、和光純薬工業株式会社より購入)を毎日自由摂取させ、その後DSSの入っていない蒸留水を3日間自由摂取させた。菌株による緩和効果を検証するため、熱殺菌したOLL1181菌株、MEP222701菌株およびMEP222761菌株を7日間毎日200μl(5×109個/ml)、胃ゾンデにより経口投与した。各菌株の投与用量は、1×109個/bodyに相当する。コントロールとして、菌液に代えてPBSを200μl、7日間毎日経口投与した。また、DSSを投与しない大腸炎非誘発群にもPBSを200μl、7日間毎日経口投与した。実験は各群n=10〜12で行い、DSSの投与開始から11日目に大腸を切除し、大腸の長さを計測し、例3.(2)と同様に、マウスTNF−α用(Assay ID:Mm00443258_m1)およびマウスミエロペルオキシダーゼ(MPO)(Assay ID:Mm00447886_m1)用のプライマーおよびプローブを用いて、TNF−αおよびMPOの発現量を定量的リアルタイムPCRで定量した。
Cは11日目におけるDSS大腸炎誘発群(DSS)、DSS大腸炎非誘発群(PBS)およびDSS大腸炎誘発+OLL1181菌株投与群(OLL1181)の大腸の長さを表す。DSS大腸炎誘発群(DSS)と比較して、OLL1181菌株投与群は有意に大腸が長かった。
牛乳と乳製品と水を最終製品の無脂乳固形分が9.5%、乳脂肪分が3.0%となるように混合して、ヨーグルトベースミックスを調製した。次に、調製したヨーグルトベースミックスを均質化後、95℃、5分間加熱殺菌し、その後、約40℃まで冷却した。
前述のヨーグルトベースミックスに、「明治ブルガリアヨーグルト」より単離したラクトバチルス・ブルガリカス(Lactobacillus bulgaricus OLL2038)とストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス(Streptococcus thermophilus OLL1131)の混合スターターを接種して、発酵させヨーグルトを製造した(対照品A)。また、混合スターターのLactobacillus bulgaricus OLL2038の代わりにLactobacillus bulgaricus OLL1181菌株を使用すること以外は、対照品と同様の方法でヨーグルトを製造した(発明品A)。
牛乳と乳製品と水を最終製品の無脂乳固形分が8.0%、乳脂肪分が0.5%となるように混合して、ドリンクヨーグルト用ベースミックスを調製し、均質化後、これを95℃、10分間で加熱殺菌した後に約40℃に冷却した。このドリンクヨーグルト用ベースミックスに例8と同様のヨーグルトスターター(「明治ブルガリアヨーグルト」より単離したラクトバチルス・ブルガリカス(Lactobacillus bulgaricus OLL2038)とストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス(Streptococcus thermophilus OLL1131)の混合スターター)を接種し、発酵させ、ドリンクヨーグルト用発酵乳を調製した。この得られたドリンクヨーグルト用発酵乳について、均質化して、ドリンクヨーグルト用液状発酵乳を得た。このドリンクヨーグルト用液状発酵乳と殺菌した糖液を質量比で6:4にて混合して、ドリンクヨーグルトを製造した(対照品B)。また、混合スターターのLactobacillus bulgaricus OLL2038の代わりにLactobacillus bulgaricus OLL1181菌株を使用すること以外は、対照品と同様の方法でドリンクヨーグルトを製造した(発明品B)。
pHは、5℃にてガラス電極のpHメーター(HM30−R,DKK−TOA製)を用いて測定した。
乳酸酸度は、0.1規定NaOHを用い、フェノールフタレインを指示薬として滴定し、算出した。
ヨーグルトのカードテンションは、カードメーターMAX ME500(飛鳥機器)を使用し、試料にスプリングを介して100gの重りによる定速荷重を加え、変形により生ずる歪みをロードセルを用いて計測し、破断に至るまでの弾力性を硬度(g)とした。
粘度は品温5℃にてモデルRB200、コントローラーRC−100(東機産業)を使用し、No.1ローターを用い60rpm、30秒間の条件で測定した。
風味は、5名の専門パネラーにより、良好、適、不良の3段階で判定した。
Claims (7)
- 芳香族炭化水素レセプター(AhR)活性化能を有する菌であって、前記菌がLactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus、Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis、Streptococcus thermophilus、Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremorisからなる群から選択される、前記菌。
- Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus OLL1181菌株(受託番号:FERM BP−11269)。
- 請求項1または2に記載の菌を含む、経口摂取用組成物。
- 飲食品、飼料および医薬からなる群から選択される、請求項3に記載の経口摂取用組成物。
- 医薬が、抗炎症剤である、請求項4に記載の経口摂取用組成物。
- 候補菌を培養する工程と、異物応答配列(XRE)およびその下流のレポーター遺伝子領域を含む発現ユニットを有するAhR発現細胞を、候補菌および/またはその培養上清で刺激する工程とを含む、候補菌が乳酸菌、ビフィズス菌、プロピオン酸菌、バクテロイデス、ユウバクテリウム、嫌気性レンサ球菌、腸球菌および大腸菌からなる群から選択される、AhR活性化能を有する菌をスクリーニングする方法。
- 微生物を培養する工程と、異物応答配列(XRE)およびその下流のレポーター遺伝子領域を含む発現ユニットを有するAhR発現細胞を、微生物および/またはその培養上清で刺激する工程とを含む、微生物のAhR活性化能を測定する方法。
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