JP5915208B2 - Regenerative brake control device for electric vehicle - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle capable of changing a regenerative amount in accordance with a driver's intention.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a control device that uses an electric motor of an electric vehicle as a drive source and relates to a regenerative brake control device that can obtain a braking force by regenerative braking of the electric motor. It is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  This conventional apparatus includes a battery, a driving electric motor that can drive the wheels by electric power from the battery, and drive system control means for controlling the operation of the electric motor. Along with this, there are provided mechanical braking means that exerts braking force in accordance with the depression force of the brake pedal input from the brake pedal, and regenerative braking means that applies braking to the wheel by regenerating the rotational energy of the wheel. The electric vehicle with regenerative braking is configured such that the regenerative amount of the electric motor can be varied when the regenerative braking is used, and a regenerative amount setting means for setting the regenerative amount of the electric motor according to the driver's intention is provided.

JP-A-8-79907

  By the way, in an electric vehicle such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, in a vehicle provided with a regeneration amount setting means that can vary the regeneration amount according to the driver's intention, when the vehicle is decelerated to a low speed region, the regeneration amount is low. Need to be reduced.

  However, as with conventional regenerative brake control devices for electric vehicles, when regenerative braking is performed at the same regenerative amount as the high-speed range up to the low-speed range, the vehicle swings back and forth due to back-up or sudden torque removal. Vibration (= acceleration vibration) is generated, and it is uncomfortable.

  As a result, in an electric vehicle that can change the amount of regeneration according to the driver's intention, the occupant feels this vibration as a shock or an unpleasant vibration, and the smooth deceleration feeling of the electric vehicle is impaired. There is a problem that.

  The present invention has been made paying attention to the above problem, and in an electric vehicle that can change the regeneration amount according to the driver's intention, the electric vehicle that can ensure a smooth deceleration feeling without acceleration vibration until just before stopping. An object of the present invention is to provide a regenerative brake control device.

In order to achieve the above object, a regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle according to the present invention includes an electric motor coupled to a drive wheel, an electric motor controller that controls power running / regeneration of the electric motor, and a regenerative amount by a driver operation. comprising a regeneration amount setting means for setting a gradient estimation means for estimating a road surface gradient which the vehicle is traveling, before Symbol electric motor controller includes a regeneration instruction torque limitation means for limiting small amount of regeneration with decreasing vehicle speed, the ing.
The regenerative command torque limiting means performs a regenerative command torque limiting process that sets a positive torque when the vehicle speed is zero on an ascending slope and a negative torque when the vehicle speed is zero on a descending slope.
Here, the “vehicle speed” is a concept including parameters correlated with the vehicle speed, such as the motor rotation speed, the vehicle body speed, and the drive shaft rotation speed.

Therefore, when the vehicle is about to stop, the regenerative command torque limiting means limits the regenerative amount determined according to the driver's intention as small as the vehicle speed decreases.
That is, when the vehicle is about to stop, smooth deceleration without acceleration vibration is realized until the vehicle stops by performing control to gradually remove the regenerative torque as the vehicle speed decreases.
As a result, in an electric vehicle capable of changing the regeneration amount according to the driver's intention, it is possible to ensure a smooth deceleration feeling without acceleration vibration until just before stopping.

It is a whole system block diagram which shows the electric vehicle to which the regenerative brake control apparatus of Example 1 was applied. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the regenerative brake control process performed with the electric motor controller of Example 1. FIG. It is a drive torque map figure which shows an example of the drive torque map used by the regenerative brake control process in Example 1. FIG. It is a regenerative torque map figure which shows an example of the regenerative torque map used by the regenerative brake control process in Example 1. FIG. It is a block diagram which shows instruction | command torque calculation among the regenerative brake control processes in Example 1. FIG. It is a control block diagram which shows a wheel speed servo among the regenerative brake control processes in Example 1. FIG. It is a block diagram which shows a regenerative command torque limitation process among the regenerative brake control processes in Example 1. It is a schematic diagram which shows gradient correction torque calculation among the regeneration instruction | command torque restriction | limiting processes in Example 1. FIG. It is a flowchart which shows a regenerative command torque calculation process among the regenerative brake control processes in Example 1. It is a time chart which shows each characteristic of deceleration, wheel speed, and command torque when regenerative brake control is performed just before stopping in the electric vehicle of a comparative example. 4 is a time chart showing characteristics of deceleration, wheel speed, and command torque when regenerative braking control is performed just before stopping in the electric vehicle of the first embodiment. It is a regenerative torque map figure which shows the regenerative command torque limitation effect | action when stopping on a flat road. It is a regenerative torque map figure which shows the regenerative command torque limitation effect | action when stopping on an uphill road. It is a regenerative torque map figure which shows a regenerative command torque limitation effect | action when road surface gradients differ. It is a regenerative torque map figure which shows the regenerative command torque limitation effect | action when the brake operation by a driver intervenes. It is a regenerative torque map figure which shows a regenerative command torque limitation effect | action when slip control (paddle regenerative ABS control) intervenes on a low μ road. It is a regenerative torque map figure which shows a regenerative command torque limitation effect | action when the deceleration instruction | command (paddle DOWN) intervenes again when the limit map at the time of slip control is selected. It is a regenerative torque map figure which shows a regenerative command torque limitation effect when an acceleration instruction (paddle UP) intervenes when a stop limit map is selected. It is a regenerative torque map figure which shows a regenerative command torque limitation effect | action when the deceleration instruction | command (paddle DOWN) intervenes when the limit map at the time of creep is selected.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for realizing a regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle according to the present invention will be described based on a first embodiment shown in the drawings.

First, the configuration will be described.
The configuration of the regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle (an example of an electric vehicle) in the first embodiment will be described separately for an “overall system configuration”, a “regenerative brake control configuration”, and a “regenerative command torque calculation configuration”.

[Overall system configuration]
FIG. 1 shows an electric vehicle to which the regenerative brake control device of the first embodiment is applied. The overall system configuration will be described below with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1, an electric vehicle to which the regenerative brake control device of the first embodiment is applied includes an electric motor controller 1, a battery 2, an inverter 3, an electric motor 4, a motor rotation sensor 5, and a current sensor. 6, a transmission 7, a speed reducer 8, and drive wheels 9.

  The electric motor controller 1 includes a vehicle speed V, an accelerator opening θ, a motor rotational speed ωm of the electric motor 4, a motor current of the electric motor 4 (phase currents iu, iv, iw in the case of three-phase AC), and the like. The vehicle variable signal is input as a digital signal. And the PWM signal which controls the electric motor 4 according to various vehicle variables is generated, and the drive signal of the inverter 3 is generated through the drive circuit according to this PWM signal. The electric motor controller 1 receives signals from the rotation sensor 5, current sensor 6, accelerator opening sensor 10, steering switch 11, wheel speed pulse sensor 12, longitudinal acceleration sensor 13, brake stroke sensor 14, and stop regeneration switch 15. Entered.

  The steering switch 11 is regeneration amount setting means for increasing or decreasing the regeneration amount according to the driver's intention. This steering switch 11 is provided at the position of the steering wheel, and uses a paddle operation switch for performing an up operation for reducing the regeneration amount and a down operation for increasing the regeneration amount.

  The stop regeneration switch 15 is an on / off switch that can be selected according to the driver's intention whether to regenerate until the vehicle stops or regenerate until the creep.

  The battery 2 is a secondary battery connected to the inverter 3, and performs charging of regenerative power of the electric motor 4 and discharging of driving power via the inverter 3.

  The inverter 3 includes, for example, two switching elements (for example, power semiconductor elements such as IGBT) for each phase. Then, by turning ON / OFF the switching element in accordance with the drive signal, the direct current supplied from the battery 2 is converted into an alternating current, and the desired current is passed through the electric motor 4.

  The electric motor 4 generates a driving force by the alternating current supplied from the inverter 3 and transmits the driving force to the driving wheels 9 through the transmission 7 and the speed reducer 8. In addition, when the vehicle is driven and rotated by the drive wheels 9, energy is regenerated by generating a regenerative driving force.

  The rotation sensor 5 is a resolver or encoder provided on the rotating shaft of the electric motor 4 and detects the rotor phase (electrical angle) of the electric motor 4.

  The current sensor 6 is provided at a position of a three-phase harness connecting the inverter 3 and the electric motor 4, and detects the three-phase currents iu, iv, iw of the electric motor 4.

  The transmission 7 is a low-gear and high-gear two-stage transmission. A reduction gear 8 is connected to the transmission 7 and a driving torque is transmitted to the drive wheels 9, thereby achieving both acceleration performance and maximum speed of the electric vehicle. The setting is aimed at. In the first embodiment, the two-speed transmission is used, but the present invention can be applied even when there are no multi-speed transmission, continuously variable transmission, or no transmission.

[Regenerative brake control configuration]
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of regenerative brake control processing executed at each control calculation cycle in the electric motor controller 1 according to the first embodiment. Hereinafter, each step of FIG. 2 showing the regenerative brake control configuration will be described with reference to FIGS.

In step S1, an input process for acquiring a signal necessary for a control calculation described below by sensor input or communication from another controller is performed, and the process proceeds to step S2.
Three-phase currents iu, iv, iw flowing through the electric motor 4 are acquired by the current sensor 6. Since the sum of the three-phase current values is 0, for example, iw may not be a sensor input, but may be calculated from the values of iu and iv.
The rotor phase (electrical angle) [rad] of the electric motor 4 is acquired by a rotation sensor 5 such as a resolver or an encoder.
The motor rotation speed Nm [rpm] is obtained by dividing the rotor angular velocity ω by the number of pole pairs of the electric motor 4 to obtain the rotor mechanical angular velocity ωm [rad / s], which is the mechanical angular velocity of the electric motor 4, It is obtained by multiplying the unit conversion coefficient (60 / 2π) from [/ s] to [rpm].
The vehicle speed V [km / h] is acquired by the wheel speed pulse sensor 12.
The accelerator opening θ [%] may be acquired by the accelerator opening sensor 10 or may be acquired by communication from a vehicle controller or another controller.
The regeneration amount intended by the driver is acquired by the steering switch (UP & DOWN) from the steering switch 11.
The DC voltage value Vdc [V] is obtained from a power supply voltage value transmitted from a voltage sensor provided in the DC power supply line or a battery controller.

In step S2, following the input process in step S1, as shown in FIG. 5, a target torque calculation process for calculating a command torque Tm based on the steering SW (UP & DOWN), the motor rotation speed Nm, and the accelerator opening θ is performed. The process proceeds to step S3.
When the accelerator opening degree θ> 0, the drive command torque Tmd is obtained using the drive torque map shown in FIG. 3, and the drive command torque Tmd is set as the command torque Tm.
When the accelerator opening degree θ = 0, the regenerative command torque Tmr is obtained using the regenerative torque map shown in FIG. 4, and the regenerative command torque Tmr is set as the command torque Tm. Steering SW (UP) and steering SW (DOWN) by operating the steering switch 11 according to the driver's intention are integrated, and the integrated value is the regenerative amount (for example, regenerative amount = 0, regenerative amount = + 1, regenerative amount = + 2. Regeneration amount = +3). Then, one characteristic corresponding to the regenerative amount is selected from the four regenerative amount characteristics of the regenerative torque map shown in FIG. 4, and the regenerative command torque Tmr is obtained from the selected one characteristic and the motor rotation speed Nm.

In step S3, following the target torque calculation process in step S2, gradient estimation is performed to estimate the vehicle gradient based on the value (m / s ^ 2) of the longitudinal acceleration sensor 13 and the motor rotation speed (Nm). Proceed to S4.
The motor rotation speed (Nm) can be converted to a vehicle speed V (m / s) by taking into account the tire radius and gear ratio. A wheel speed pulse sensor 12 or the like may be used. Next, the vehicle speed V is approximated and converted to deceleration (m / s ^ 2). Then, by subtracting the deceleration measured by the longitudinal acceleration sensor 13 and the deceleration obtained by differentiating the vehicle speed V, a static (when the vehicle is stopped) deceleration component can be calculated. By converting this value, the Sin gradient α of the vehicle can be calculated.
In the first embodiment, the gradient is estimated from the longitudinal acceleration sensor 13 and the vehicle speed V. However, a gradient measurement method using a three-axis gyro sensor, a GPS measuring instrument, or the like may be used.

In step S4, following the slope estimation in step S3, the slip state of the drive wheel is determined based on the motor rotation speed (Nm) and the driven wheel speed (V). If it is determined that there is slip, slipon = 1. If it is determined that there is no slip, slip control processing is performed to set slipon = 0, and the process proceeds to step S5.
If it is determined that there is slip, the command torque Tm calculated in step S2 is reduced, and if it is determined that there is no slip, control is performed according to the command torque Tm. Note that slip control using a robust model matching system as shown in FIG. 6 may be performed.

In step S5, following the slip control process in step S4, a regenerative command torque limiting process for limiting the regenerative amount to a smaller value as the motor rotation speed Nm (vehicle speed) decreases as soon as the vehicle stops is performed, and the process proceeds to step S6 (regeneration command) Torque limiting means).
In this regeneration command torque limiting process, when the regeneration amount limiting process is started, even if there is an instruction to change the regeneration amount (operation to the steering switch 11) from the driver, this is not accepted. In the regenerative command torque limiting process, the regenerative torque lower limit value Tmin is calculated using the motor rotation speed Nm, steering SW (Up & Down), brake stroke information, slip determination flag slipon, gradient estimated value α, and the like. Then, the value obtained by limiting the command torque Tm with the regenerative torque lower limit value Tmin is set as the limit torque Tm_fin and stored in the drive regenerative command torque Tm *. Detailed regeneration command torque limiting processing will be described later (FIGS. 7 and 9).

  In step S6, following the regenerative command torque limiting process in step S5, the dq-axis current target values id * and iq * are calculated from the drive regenerative command torque Tm *, motor rotation speed Nm and DC voltage value Vdc calculated in step S5. A current command value calculation process obtained by referring to the table is performed, and the process proceeds to step S7.

In step S7, following the current command value calculation process in step S6, current control is performed, and the process proceeds to the end.
In this current control, first, the dq axis current values id and iq are calculated from the three-phase current values iu, iv and iw and the motor rotation speed Nm. Next, dq axis voltage command values vd and vq are calculated from the deviation between the dq axis current target values id * and iq * calculated in step S6 and the dq axis currents id and iq. Note that non-interference control may be added to this portion. Next, three-phase voltage command values vu, vv, vw are calculated from the dq-axis voltage command values vd, vq and the electric motor rotation speed ωm. PWM signals (on duty) tu [%], tv [%], tw [%] are calculated from the three-phase voltage command values vu, vv, vw and the DC voltage Vdc.

[Regenerative command torque limit processing configuration]
FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a regenerative command torque limit process in the regenerative brake control process according to the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the regenerative command torque limit processing configuration will be described with reference to FIGS.

  Of the regenerative command torque limit processing configuration of the first embodiment, the regenerative torque limit map includes a stop limit map 71, a sudden braking limit map 72, a creep limit map 73, as shown in FIG. A limit map 74 at the time of brake operation and a limit map 75 at the time of slip control are provided.

The stop limit map 71 sets a limit characteristic for obtaining a limit map lower limit value Tlim by limiting the regenerative amount to a smaller value as the motor rotation speed Nm (vehicle speed) decreases so that the vehicle stops. That is, the limit characteristic is such that the limit map lower limit value Tlim is 0 torque at a motor rotation speed Nm = 0 (vehicle speed 0 km / h) so that the vehicle stops. The inclination of the limit characteristic is determined based on the result of the vehicle experiment or the like so that the acceleration vibration can be suppressed without impairing the feeling of deceleration to the low speed range. It should be noted that the limit map 72 for other sudden braking, the limit map 74 for brake operation, and the limit map 75 for slip control have limit characteristics for stopping the vehicle, similar to the limit map 71 for stopping.
In addition, the stop limit map 71 has a limit characteristic in the second quadrant which is negative rotation and drive torque. Note that the limit map 72 for other sudden braking, the limit map 73 for creep, the limit map 74 for brake operation, and the limit map 75 for slip control are also applied to the second quadrant in the same manner as the limit map 71 for stopping. Has limit characteristics.

  The sudden braking limit map 72 is selected when a further deceleration instruction (steering SW_DOWN) is issued just before stopping, and the slope of the limit characteristic is steeper than that of the stopping limit map 71. The inclination of the limit characteristic is such that the stopping distance becomes the shortest when the vehicle stops suddenly, and is determined based on the result of the vehicle experiment or the like.

  The limit map 73 at the time of creep is switched from the limit map selected at that time when an acceleration instruction (steering SW_UP) is issued just before stopping. In the limit map 73 at the time of creep, a creep characteristic is set so that the limit map lower limit value Tlim is positive at a vehicle speed of 0 km / h so as to be suitable for low speed travel (creep travel) just before stopping. The inclination of the creep characteristic is determined based on the result of a vehicle experiment or the like, which is suitable for traveling following the front vehicle.

  The limit map 74 at the time of the brake operation is selected when the driver operates the mechanical brake immediately before stopping, and the slope of the limit characteristic is made gentler than that of the stop limit map 71. The limit map 74 at the time of the brake operation has an inclination of limit characteristics corresponding to the brake stroke amount. That is, it is determined that the greater the brake stroke amount, the greater the dependency of the brake, and the slope of the limit characteristic is moderated. The smaller the stroke amount, the less the dependency of the brake is determined, and the limit of the limit map 71 for stopping is determined. The slope is close to the characteristics, and is determined based on the results of vehicle experiments. The brake operation amount may be brake fluid pressure or the like.

  The limit map 75 at the time of slip control is selected when slip control (ABS control) that suppresses drive wheel slip is performed just before stopping, and the slope of the limit characteristic is more gradual than the limit map 71 of stopping. The limit map 75 at the time of slip control is such that the slope of the limit characteristic becomes gentler as the command torque value Tm at the time of slip control is larger. That is, the larger the command torque Tm, the higher the road surface μ is, and the slope is closer to the stop limit map 71. The smaller the command torque Tm is, the lower the road surface μ is, and the slope of the limit characteristic is determined. Decrease based on the results of vehicle experiments.

  Of the regenerative command torque limit processing configuration of the first embodiment, as the map selection unit, as shown in FIG. 7, a first map selection unit 76, a second map selection unit 77, a third map selection unit 78, And a fourth map selection unit 79. Then, a torque value obtained based on any selected map and the motor rotation speed Nm is set as a limit map lower limit value Tlim.

  The first map selection unit 76 switches the selection to the sudden braking limit map 72 when a further deceleration instruction (steering SW_DOWN) is issued when the stop limit map 71 is selected just before stopping.

  When the stop map 71 or the sudden braking limit map 72 is selected immediately before stopping, the second map selection unit 77 displays the creep limit map 73 when an acceleration instruction (steering SW_UP) is issued. Switch the selection.

  When the stop limit map 71 or the sudden braking limit map 72 is selected immediately before stopping, the third map selection unit 78 switches the selection to the limit map 74 during braking operation. .

  The fourth map selection unit 79 selects the slip determination flag when the stop limit map 71, the sudden braking limit map 72, the creep limit map 73, or the brake operation limit map 74 is selected just before stopping. When is established, the selection is switched to the limit map 75 at the time of slip control.

  Of the regenerative command torque limit processing configuration of the first embodiment, the limit torque calculation configuration includes a gradient correction torque calculation unit 80, a torque adder 81, and a torque limiter 82 as shown in FIG. Yes.

  The gradient correction torque calculation unit 80 is provided for performing regeneration command torque limiting processing with gradient correspondence to changes in road surface gradient, and gradient correction torque according to the estimated gradient value α of the road surface gradient. Calculate Tg. A detailed calculation method of the gradient correction torque Tg will be described later.

  The torque adder 81 adds the limit map lower limit value Tlim and the gradient correction torque Tg, and sets the added value as the regenerative torque lower limit value Tmin.

  The torque limiter 82 sets a value obtained by limiting the command torque Tm with the regenerative torque lower limit value Tmin as a limit torque Tm_fin.

Here, the concept of calculating the gradient correction torque Tg from the gradient estimated value α (estimated in step S3) in the gradient correction torque calculation unit 80 will be described with reference to the schematic diagram of FIG. In addition, each code | symbol is as showing below.
M: equivalent mass of vehicle including inertia of driven wheel N: overall gear ratio r: tire load radius
Tg: Gradient correction torque (= Driving torque equivalent to gradient)
F: Driving force equivalent to the gradient (force applied to the vehicle)
g: Gravity deceleration (= 9.8m / s ^ 2)
The force that the vehicle does not fall backward can be calculated from the following formula.
F = M ・ g ・ sinα (1)
Next, the gradient correction torque is calculated by considering the tire load radius r and the gear ratio N.
Tg = F ・ N ・ r (2)
And from Equation (1) and Equation (2),
Tg = M ・ g ・ sinα ・ N ・ r (3)
It becomes. As described above, Tg can be calculated from the estimated gradient estimated value α.

[Regenerative command torque calculation processing configuration]
FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a regeneration command torque calculation process in the regeneration brake control process according to the first embodiment. Hereinafter, each step of FIG. 9 showing the regenerative command torque calculation processing configuration will be described. In the regenerative command torque calculation process of FIG. 9, deceleration instruction information for selecting a limit map instead of the regeneration amount change instruction (operation to the steering switch 11) from the driver as regenerative amount change information, Alternatively, it is used as acceleration instruction information.

  In step S5-1, it is determined whether or not the regenerative command is valid based on the regenerative amount and accelerator opening degree θ that are calculated by the driver in step S2. If YES (regenerative command is valid), the process proceeds to step S5-2. If NO (regenerative command is invalid), the process proceeds to step S5-18.

  In step S5-2, following the determination that the regeneration command is valid in step S5-1, it is determined whether or not the stop regeneration switch 15 that can be operated with the driver's intention is ON. If YES (stop regeneration SW_ON) and regeneration until stopping, the process proceeds to step S5-6. If NO (stop regeneration SW_OFF) and regeneration to creep occurs, the process proceeds to step S5-3.

  In step S5-3, following the determination that the stop regeneration SW_OFF is in step S5-2, the limit map 73 at creep is selected, and the limit map lower limit value is determined by the motor rotation speed Nm and the limit map 73 at creep. Tlim is calculated and stored, and the process proceeds to step S5-4.

  In step S5-4, following the calculation of the limit map lower limit value Tlim in step S5-3, the motor rotation speed Nm is in the low speed range, and the down operation (deceleration instruction operation) increases the regeneration amount with respect to the steering switch 11. ) Is determined. If YES (with down operation), the process proceeds to step S5-5. If NO (no down operation), the process proceeds to step S5-9.

  In step S5-5, following the determination that there is a down operation in step S5-4, the creep limit map 73 is switched to the stop limit map 71, and the motor speed Nm and the stop limit map 71 The map lower limit value Tlim is calculated and stored, and the process proceeds to step S5-9.

  In step S5-6, following the determination that the stop regeneration SW_ON is in step S5-2, the stop limit map 71 is selected, and the limit map lower limit value Tlim is calculated based on the motor rotation speed Nm and the stop limit map 71. Calculate and store, and proceed to Step S5-7.

  In step S5-7, following the calculation of the limit map lower limit value Tlim in step S5-6, the motor rotation speed Nm is in the low speed range and the steering switch 11 is operated to increase the regeneration amount (acceleration instruction operation). ) Is determined. If YES (with up operation), the process proceeds to step S5-8. If NO (without up operation), the process proceeds to step S5-9.

  In step S5-8, following the determination that there is an up operation in step S5-7, the vehicle is switched from the stop limit map 71 to the limit map 73 at the time of creep, and based on the motor rotation speed Nm and the limit map 73 at the time of creep, The limit map lower limit value Tlim is calculated and stored, and the process proceeds to step S5-9.

  In step S5-9, following the calculation of the limit map lower limit value Tlim in step S5-5 or step S5-8, whether or not a down operation (acceleration instruction operation) for increasing the regeneration amount has been performed on the steering switch 11 Is judged. If YES (with down operation), the process proceeds to step S5-10. If NO (no down operation), the process proceeds to step S5-11.

  In step S5-10, following the determination that there is a down operation in step S5-9, the sudden braking limit map 72 is selected, and the limit map lower limit value Tlim is determined from the motor rotation speed Nm and the sudden braking limit map 72. Calculate and store, and proceed to Step S5-10.

  In step S5-11, following the determination that there is no down operation in step S5-9 or the calculation of the limit map lower limit value Tlim in step S5-10, whether the brake is depressed by the brake stroke sensor 14 Judge whether or not. If YES (with brake operation), proceed to step S5-12. If NO (no brake operation), proceed to step S5-13.

  In step S5-12, following the determination that there is a brake operation in step S5-11, the limit map 74 at the time of brake operation is selected, and from the motor rotation speed Nm, the brake stroke amount, and the limit map 74 at the time of brake operation, The limit map lower limit value Tlim is calculated and stored, and the process proceeds to step S5-13.

  In step S5-13, following the determination that there is no brake operation in step S5-11, or the calculation of the limit map lower limit value Tlim in step S5-12, it is determined whether or not the slip control flag slipon is ON. . If YES (slipon = 1), the process proceeds to step S5-14. If NO (slipon = 0), the process proceeds to step S5-15.

  In step S5-14, following the determination that slipon = 1 in step S5-13, a limit map 75 at the time of slip control is selected, and the motor rotation speed Nm, command torque Tm, and limit map 75 at the time of slip control are selected. Thus, the limit map lower limit value Tlim is calculated and stored, and the process proceeds to step S5-15.

  In step S5-15, following the determination that slipon = 0 in step S5-13 or the calculation of the limit map lower limit value Tlim in step S5-14, from the estimated slope value α estimated in step S3, The gradient correction torque Tg is calculated and stored, and the process proceeds to step S5-16.

  In step S5-16, following the calculation of the gradient correction torque Tg in step S5-15, the limit map lower limit value Tlim and the gradient correction torque Tg in step S5-15 are added to calculate the regenerative torque lower limit value Tmin. Proceed to step S5-17.

In step S5-17, following the calculation of regenerative torque lower limit value Tmin in step S5-16, limit processing is performed on command torque Tm with regenerative torque lower limit value Tmin, limit torque Tm_fin is calculated, and step S5-18 is performed. move on.
In the electric vehicle system that can change the regenerative amount according to the driver's intention, this limit processing is limited according to the inclination determined in steps S5-2 to S5-16 even if there is an instruction to change the regenerative amount. Command torque Tm limit processing is performed using the map lower limit value Tlim.

  In step S5-18, following the determination that the regenerative command is invalid in step S5-1 or the calculation of the limit torque Tm_fin in step S5-17, the command torque Tm Alternatively, the limit torque Tm_fin is selected, the selected torque is stored as the drive regeneration command torque Tm *, and the process proceeds to the end.

Next, the operation will be described.
The effects of the regenerative braking control device for the electric vehicle according to the first embodiment are “regenerative amount changing action before entering limit processing”, “regenerative braking stop basic action by limit processing”, and “regenerative braking stopping action in different stopping modes”. This will be explained separately.

[Regeneration amount changing action before entering limit processing]
If an accelerator release operation (accelerator opening θ = 0) is performed with the intention of decelerating the vehicle during traveling, the process proceeds from step S1 to step S2 in the flowchart of FIG. 2, and in step S2, the regenerative torque shown in FIG. The regeneration command torque Tmr is obtained using the map. At this time, the steering SW (UP) and the steering SW (DOWN) due to the driver's intention to operate the steering switch 11 are integrated, for example, regeneration amount = 0, regeneration amount = + 1, regeneration amount = + 2, regeneration amount. = +3. Then, one characteristic corresponding to the regeneration amount is selected from the four regeneration amount characteristics of the regeneration torque map shown in FIG. 4, and the regeneration command torque Tmr is obtained from the selected one characteristic and the motor rotational speed Nm.

  In the flowchart of FIG. 2, the process proceeds from step S2 to step S3 → step S4 → step S5 → step S6. In step S6, the regeneration command torque Tmr obtained in step S2 is directly used as the drive regeneration command torque Tm *, and the dq-axis current target values id * and iq * are tabled from the motor rotation speed Nm and the DC voltage value Vdc. It is obtained by referring more. Next, in step S7, the current command value calculation process in step S6 is performed, and finally the PWM signal (on duty) tu [%], tv [from the three-phase voltage command values vu, vv, vw and the DC voltage Vdc. %] And tw [%] are calculated.

  By controlling opening and closing of the switching element of the inverter 3 by the PWM signal thus obtained, the electric motor 4 can be driven with a desired torque instructed by the drive regeneration command torque Tm *.

  Therefore, before entering the limit process just before stopping, if the regenerative amount is determined according to the driver's intention, the characteristic corresponding to the regenerative amount is selected from the regenerative torque map shown in FIG. 4, and the selected characteristic and the motor rotation are selected. The amount of regeneration can be obtained using several Nm (vehicle speed).

[Regenerative braking stop basic action by limit processing]
As described above, in an electric vehicle provided with the steering switch 11 (regeneration amount setting means) that makes the regeneration amount variable according to the driver's intention, vibration or the like occurs when regeneration is performed according to the selected regeneration amount characteristic until the vehicle stops. Problem arises. For this reason, it is necessary to take measures before the vehicle stops after reaching the vehicle speed just before stopping. Hereinafter, the basic operation of the regenerative braking stop by the limit process reflecting this will be described with reference to FIGS.

  First, a comparative example in which a limit process for reducing the regenerative amount in the vehicle speed range (low speed range) just before stopping is not performed. FIG. 10 is a time chart showing a response of deceleration when the braking force is applied to the motor with the regeneration amount intended by the driver from the running state and the vehicle is decelerated to the stop in the comparative example.

  In the case of the comparative example, the regenerative amount (command torque) is reduced until time t2 when the wheel speed becomes zero without decreasing the regenerative amount (command torque) toward zero even at time t1 when reaching the vehicle speed just before stopping. Kept constant. Then, at time t2 when the wheel speed becomes zero, the regeneration amount (command torque) is returned by the step characteristic.

  Accordingly, since the command torque is suddenly removed, a large variation in the deceleration is observed from time t2 to time t3 as shown in the deceleration characteristics in the frame A ′ in FIG. It can be seen that vibration is occurring. As for the wheel speed, as shown in the wheel speed characteristics in the B 'frame in FIG. 10, it can be seen that the wheel speed becomes zero or less from time t2 to time t3, and the vehicle is moving backward.

  On the other hand, FIG. 11 shows the result in the case of the first embodiment in which limit processing is executed to limit the regenerative amount to a small value as the vehicle speed decreases when the vehicle is about to stop.

  Similar to the comparative example, the driver's regenerative command indicates a state of deceleration, and the command torque is returned with step characteristics at time t2 when the wheel speed becomes zero. However, in the first embodiment, the command torque Tm is gradually limited by the limit torque Tm_fin corresponding to the motor rotation speed Nm (vehicle speed) from time t1 just before stopping to time t2. Thus, by using the limit torque Tm_fin, the deceleration is gradually removed from time t1 to time t2, and from time t2 to time t3 as shown in the deceleration characteristics in the frame A of FIG. It can be seen that no acceleration vibration occurs. As for the wheel speed, as shown in the wheel speed characteristics in the B frame of FIG. 11, the wheel speed = 0 is maintained from time t2 to time t3, and the vehicle can be stopped smoothly without descending backward. I understand that.

  Therefore, in the first embodiment, the amount of regeneration just before stopping is limited according to the motor rotation speed Nm (vehicle speed), so that the passenger does not feel shock or unpleasant vibration, and smooth deceleration without acceleration vibration is achieved. Can be realized just before stopping. In addition, since the vehicle can be decelerated without using the braking force of the mechanical braking means until just before stopping, it can be regenerated reliably until just before stopping, and an improvement in power consumption can be expected.

Further, in the first embodiment, when the torque limiting process is started, even if a regenerative amount change instruction is issued from the driver, the regenerative command torque limiting process is performed without accepting the instruction.
Thus, by not accepting the regenerative amount change instruction from the driver, the regenerative amount is suddenly changed by the driver just before stopping, so that the front-rear G fluctuation increases or the uphill road slips down. Is prevented.

[Regenerative braking stop action in different stop modes]
For example, if limit processing using only one limit map is performed, the response to changes in driver requirements and other control interventions that occur during regenerative braking control is reduced. For this reason, the device which ensures the correspondence in a different stop mode is required. Hereinafter, the regenerative braking stop action in different stop modes reflecting this will be described with reference to FIGS.

(Limiting action when stopping on a flat road)
FIG. 12 is a regenerative torque map showing the regenerative command torque limiting action when the vehicle stops on a flat road. Hereinafter, based on FIG. 12, the restriction | limiting effect | action at the time of a flat road stop is demonstrated.
In the first embodiment, as the regenerative torque limit map, a configuration having limit maps 71, 72, 74, and 75 that are set to limit characteristics that limit the regenerative amount as the vehicle speed decreases so as to stop the vehicle is employed (FIG. 1). 7).
With this configuration, as shown in FIG. 12, the regeneration amount is limited by the limit characteristic in which the limit map lower limit value Tlim is 0 torque at the motor rotation speed Nm = 0 (vehicle speed 0 km / h) immediately before stopping. .
Therefore, by limiting the regenerative amount so that the vehicle stops, acceleration vibration (front-rear G vibration) caused by pitching or the like that occurs when the vehicle stops can be suppressed. In addition, the vehicle can be stopped smoothly without any discomfort.

(Limiting action when stopping on an uphill road)
FIG. 13 is a regenerative torque map showing the regenerative command torque limiting action when stopping on an uphill road. Hereinafter, based on FIG. 13, the restriction | limiting effect | action at the time of an uphill road stop is demonstrated.
In the first embodiment, the limit maps 71, 72, 74, and 75 employ a configuration in which the second quadrant, which is a negative rotation and a driving torque, also has limit characteristics (FIG. 7).
For example, when regenerating during climbing, if there is no limit characteristic in the second quadrant, the vehicle may drop suddenly after stopping.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 13, by giving the limit characteristic to the second quadrant, when the vehicle starts to slide down along the road gradient after stopping, the driving torque (positive torque) is increased according to the negative rotation. Is output, and the sliding speed of the vehicle is moderately suppressed.
Therefore, after the vehicle stops on the uphill road, the driver can be urged to perform a brake operation by the gentle sliding of the vehicle.

(Limiting action when stopping on a slope road surface)
FIG. 14 is a regenerative torque map showing the regenerative command torque limiting action when the road surface gradients are different. Hereinafter, based on FIG. 14, the restriction | limiting effect | action at the time of a gradient road surface stop is demonstrated.
In the first embodiment, in the regeneration command torque limit, a configuration is adopted in which the regeneration command torque limit process is performed with the gradient correspondence to the change in the road surface gradient (step S5-15 → step S5-16 in FIG. 9).
With this configuration, as shown in FIG. 14, when the vehicle stops on an ascending slope, the regenerative amount is limited by the limit characteristic in which the limit map lower limit value Tlim is a positive torque at a motor rotation speed Nm = 0 (vehicle speed 0 km / h). . On the other hand, at a downhill stop, the regenerative amount is limited by the limit characteristic in which the limit map lower limit value Tlim is negative torque at the motor rotation speed Nm = 0 (vehicle speed 0 km / h).
Therefore, regardless of whether the vehicle stops on a slope, the vehicle is prevented from sliding backward when the vehicle is climbing up, and the vehicle is prevented from sliding forward when the vehicle is downhill. You can stop smoothly.

Further, in the regeneration command torque limit, it has a gradient correction torque calculation unit 80 for calculating the gradient correction torque Tg according to the road surface gradient, and the flat road reference limit map lower limit value Tlim obtained by the regeneration command torque limit process is A configuration was adopted in which the regenerative torque lower limit value Tmin is calculated by correcting with the gradient correction torque Tg (FIG. 7).
With the configuration taking the gradient correction torque Tg according to the road surface gradient into account, it is not necessary to prepare a large number of limit maps according to the road surface gradient as the limit map, and it is only necessary to prepare a limit map based on a flat road.
Therefore, it is possible to smoothly stop the vehicle on any slope road surface such as an ascending slope or a descending slope while having a simple configuration without preparing a large number of limit maps according to the road surface slope.

(Limiting action at the time of brake operation intervention)
FIG. 15 is a regenerative torque map diagram showing a regenerative command torque limiting action when a brake operation by the driver intervenes. Hereinafter, based on FIG. 15, the limiting action at the time of brake operation intervention will be described.
In the first embodiment, in the regenerative command torque limit, as a regenerative torque limit map, there is a limit map 74 at the time of brake operation with a gentler slope than the limit characteristic at the time of stopping on a flat road (FIG. 7). Then, a configuration is adopted in which the limit map 74 at the time of brake operation is selected when the driver operates the mechanical brake immediately before stopping (step S5-11 → step S5-12 in FIG. 9).
For example, if there is no limit map 74 at the time of the brake operation, as shown in the dotted line characteristic of FIG. 15, after the brake is released, the regeneration amount is held, and then the regeneration amount is returned with the steep slope limit characteristic. Gives a sense of incompatibility when releasing the brakes.
On the other hand, when the mechanical brake is operated, the sense of incongruity when the brake is released can be suppressed by changing the limit characteristic to a gentle inclination.

Further, in the first embodiment, the limit map 74 at the time of the brake operation adopts a configuration in which the slope of the limit characteristic becomes gentler as the driver's operation amount with respect to the mechanical brake is larger (FIG. 7).
Therefore, by determining the inclination of the limit map 74 at the time of the brake operation according to the brake operation amount by the driver, the uncomfortable feeling of the deceleration G with respect to the brake operation amount can be reduced.

(Limiting action during slip control intervention)
FIG. 16 is a regenerative torque map diagram showing a regenerative command torque limiting action when slip control (paddle regenerative ABS control) intervenes on a low μ road. Hereinafter, based on FIG. 16, the restriction | limiting effect | action at the time of slip control intervention is demonstrated.
In the first embodiment, in the regenerative command torque limit, the regenerative torque limit map has a limit map 75 at the time of slip control with a gentler slope than the limit characteristic at the time of stopping on a flat road (FIG. 7). And when slip control which suppresses drive wheel slip is performed just before a stop, the structure which selects the limit map 75 at the time of slip control was employ | adopted (step S5-13-> step S5-14 of FIG. 9).
For example, when traveling on a low μ road, as shown by the dotted line characteristics in FIG. 16, if the regeneration amount is returned with a large inclination as in the high μ road, the braking slip amount of the tire increases, the brake is locked, and the wheel speed Becomes oscillating. For this reason, acceleration vibration occurs, giving a sense of incongruity.
On the other hand, when the vehicle travels on a low μ road, the slope of the limit characteristic is moderated, so that the vehicle can be smoothly stopped even when the low μ road stops where slip control intervenes.

Here, when the slip control by the electric motor 4 is activated, the command torque Tm in the motor slip control changes depending on the road surface state (road surface μ). For this reason, the road surface condition can be grasped from the command torque Tm during the slip control.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 16, by making the slope of the limit characteristic gentle according to the slip control command torque Tm, it is possible to stop smoothly on various low μ roads (wet roads, snow roads, icy roads). can do.

(Limiting action at the time of deceleration instruction re-intervention)
FIG. 17 is a regenerative torque map showing the regenerative command torque limiting action when the deceleration instruction (paddle DOWN) re-intervenes. In the following, based on FIG. 17, the limiting action at the time of deceleration instruction intervention will be described.
In the first embodiment, in the regenerative command torque limit, as a regenerative torque limit map, there is a sudden braking limit map 72 having a steeper slope than the limit characteristic when the vehicle stops on a flat road (FIG. 7). And when the limit map 75 at the time of slip control is selected, the structure which selects the limit map 72 of sudden braking when the further deceleration instruction | indication comes out just before a stop is employ | adopted (step S5-9-> step S5 of FIG. 9). -Ten).
That is, when there is a further deceleration instruction just before the stop, it can be determined that the vehicle is in an emergency stop. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 17, the slope of the limit characteristic is steep. Thus, although the slope of the limit characteristic is made steep, some wheel speed fluctuations and acceleration vibrations occur, but the driver's intention to stop emergency is given priority.
Therefore, the stop distance can be shortened by making the slope of the limit characteristic steep when there is a further deceleration instruction just before stopping.

(Limiting action during acceleration instruction intervention)
FIG. 18 is a regenerative torque map diagram showing a regenerative command torque limiting action when an acceleration instruction (paddle UP) intervenes. Hereinafter, based on FIG. 18, the limiting action at the time of the acceleration instruction intervention will be described.
In the first embodiment, in the regenerative command torque limit, as a regenerative torque limit map, there are a stop limit map 71 suitable for stopping and a creep limit map 73 in which a creep characteristic suitable for low speed running is set (FIG. 7). . Then, when the stop limit map 71 is selected, a configuration is adopted in which a limit map 73 at the time of creep is selected when an acceleration instruction is issued just before stopping (step S5-7 → step S5-8 in FIG. 9). ).
For example, there are times when it is desirable to continue low-speed driving in a scene that follows the preceding vehicle, such as traffic jams or waiting for traffic lights. However, if you step on the accelerator, the driving torque will suddenly appear and you will feel uncomfortable. Therefore, when an acceleration instruction is issued just before the vehicle stops, the vehicle is switched from the vehicle stop limit map 71 to the creep limit map 73 as shown in FIG. As a result, the vehicle moves forward slowly without stopping.
Therefore, when an acceleration instruction is issued just before the vehicle stops, it is possible to improve the sensation of the acceleration request just before the vehicle stops by continuing the vehicle forward slowly without performing the accelerator depressing operation in which the driving torque suddenly occurs. .

(Limiting action during deceleration instruction intervention)
FIG. 19 is a regenerative torque map diagram showing a regenerative command torque limiting action when a deceleration instruction (paddle DOWN) intervenes. Hereinafter, based on FIG. 19, the limiting action at the time of deceleration instruction intervention will be described.
In the first embodiment, in the regenerative command torque limit, when the creep limit map 73 is selected, a configuration is adopted in which switching is made to the stop limit map 71 when a deceleration instruction is issued just before stopping (step S5 in FIG. 9). -4 → step S5-5).
That is, when the creep limit map 73 is selected and there is a further deceleration instruction just before stopping, the creep limit map 73 is switched to the stopping limit map 71 as shown in FIG.
For example, in a scene that follows the preceding vehicle, such as traffic jams or waiting for traffic lights, it is possible to select a creep limit map 73 and continue running at a low speed. Therefore, when the creep limit map 73 is selected, the vehicle can be stopped at the position intended by the driver by switching to the stop limit map 71 only when the deceleration instruction is operated.

Next, the effect will be described.
In the regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle according to the first embodiment, the effects listed below can be obtained.

(1) an electric motor 4 coupled to the drive wheel, an electric motor controller 1 for controlling power running / regeneration of the electric motor 4, a regeneration amount setting means (steering switch 11) for setting a regeneration amount by a driver operation, In an electric vehicle system that can change the amount of regeneration according to the driver's intention,
The electric motor controller 1 has regenerative command torque limiting means (step S5, FIG. 7, FIG. 9 in FIG. 2) that limits the regenerative amount to a small value as the vehicle speed decreases when the vehicle is about to stop.
For this reason, in the electric vehicle which can change the amount of regeneration according to the driver's intention, it is possible to ensure a smooth deceleration feeling without acceleration vibration until just before stopping.

(2) When the torque limiting process is started, the regeneration command torque limiting means (step S5, FIG. 7, FIG. 9 in FIG. 2) does not accept a regeneration amount change instruction from the driver, Performs regenerative command torque limit processing.
For this reason, in addition to the effect of (1), it is possible to prevent the forward / backward G fluctuation from increasing or the sliding down on the uphill road by suddenly changing the regeneration amount immediately before stopping by the driver. .

(3) The regenerative command torque limiting means (steps S5, FIG. 7, and FIG. 9 in FIG. 2) has a limit characteristic that limits the regenerative amount as the vehicle speed decreases so that the vehicle stops as a regenerative torque limit map. It has set limit maps 71, 72, 74, 75 (FIG. 7).
For this reason, in addition to the effect of (1) or (2), acceleration vibration (front-rear G vibration) caused by pitching or the like that occurs when the vehicle is stopped can be suppressed, and the vehicle can be stopped smoothly without a sense of incongruity. it can.

(4) The limit maps 71, 72, 74, and 75 give the second quadrant, which is a negative rotation and drive torque, to have limit characteristics (FIG. 7).
For this reason, in addition to the effect of (3), after the vehicle stops on the uphill road, the driver can be urged to perform the brake operation by the gentle sliding of the vehicle.

(5) The regenerative command torque limiting means (steps S5, 7, and 9 in FIG. 2) performs a regenerative command torque limiting process with a gradient correspondence to changes in the road surface gradient (step S5 in FIG. 9). -15 → Step S5-16).
For this reason, in addition to the effects of (1) to (4), the vehicle is prevented from sliding backward when the vehicle is climbing up, and the vehicle is prevented from sliding forward when the vehicle is parked down. Thus, it is possible to stop smoothly regardless of stopping on a slope road.

(6) The regeneration command torque limiting means (step S5, FIG. 7, FIG. 9 in FIG. 2) includes a gradient correction torque calculation unit 80 that calculates a gradient correction torque Tg according to the road surface gradient, and the regeneration command torque. The regenerative torque lower limit value Tmin is calculated by correcting the flat road reference limit map lower limit value Tlim obtained by the restriction process with the gradient correction torque Tg (FIG. 7).
For this reason, in addition to the effect of (5), it is possible to make a smooth stop on any slope road surface due to an ascending or descending slope while having a simple configuration without preparing a large number of limit maps according to the road slope. .

(7) The regenerative command torque limiting means (steps S5, FIG. 7, and FIG. 9 in FIG. 2) is a regenerative torque limit map, which is a limit map at the time of brake operation with a gentler slope than the limit characteristics at the time of stopping on a flat road. 74 (FIG. 7), when the driver operates the mechanical brake just before stopping, the limit map 74 at the time of the brake operation is selected (step S5-11 → step S5-12 in FIG. 9).
For this reason, in addition to the effects of (1) to (6), when the driver operates the mechanical brake just before stopping, the driver feels uncomfortable when the brake is released by changing the limit characteristic to a gentle slope. Can be suppressed.

(8) The limit map 74 at the time of the brake operation makes the inclination of the limit characteristic more gradual as the driver's operation amount with respect to the mechanical brake is larger (FIG. 7).
For this reason, in addition to the effect of (7), the greater the operation amount of the driver for the mechanical brake, the more gentle the inclination of the limit characteristic, thereby reducing the uncomfortable feeling of the deceleration G with respect to the brake operation amount.

(9) The regenerative command torque limiting means (step S5 in FIG. 2, FIG. 7 and FIG. 9) is a limit map for slip control with a gentler slope than the limit characteristic for stopping on a flat road as a regenerative torque limit map. 75 (FIG. 7), and when slip control is performed to suppress drive wheel slip just before stopping, the limit map 75 for the slip control is selected (step S5-13 → step S5-14 in FIG. 9). .
For this reason, in addition to the effects of (1) to (8), when slip control that suppresses drive wheel slip is performed just before stopping, a low μ road on which slip control intervenes by making the slope of the limit characteristic gentle. Even when the vehicle is stopped, the vehicle can be stopped smoothly.

(10) The regenerative command torque limiting means (steps S5, FIG. 7, and FIG. 9 in FIG. 2) uses the regenerative torque limit map 72 as a regenerative torque limit map for sudden braking with a steeper slope than the limit characteristics when the vehicle is stopped on a flat road. (FIG. 7), when the limit map 75 at the time of the slip control is selected, if a further deceleration instruction is issued just before stopping, the limit map 72 for the sudden braking is selected (step S5- in FIG. 9). 9 → Step S5-10).
For this reason, in addition to the effect of (9), when the limit map 75 at the time of slip control is selected, if there is a further deceleration instruction just before stopping, the slope of the limit characteristic becomes steep, thereby shortening the stop distance. can do.

(11) The regenerative command torque limiting means (steps S5, FIG. 7, and FIG. 9 in FIG. 2) includes a stop limit map 71 suitable for stopping and a creep characteristic suitable for low-speed driving as a regenerative torque limit map. When the stop limit map 71 is selected and the stop limit map 71 is selected, when the acceleration instruction is issued just before the stop, the creep limit map 73 is selected (FIG. 9). Step S5-7 → Step S5-8).
For this reason, in addition to the effects of (1) to (10), when the stop limit map 71 is selected, if an acceleration instruction is issued just before stopping, the sensor slowly responds to the acceleration request immediately before stopping. The vehicle can continue to move forward.

(12) The regenerative command torque limiting means (step S5 in FIG. 2, FIGS. 7 and 9), when the creep limit map 73 is selected, when a deceleration instruction is issued just before stopping, Switching to the limit map 71 (step S5-4 → step S5-5 in FIG. 9).
For this reason, in addition to the effect of (11), when the creep limit map 73 is selected, the vehicle is stopped at the target position by switching to the stop limit map 71 only when the deceleration instruction is operated. Can be able to.

  As mentioned above, although the regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle according to the present invention has been described based on the first embodiment, the specific configuration is not limited to the first embodiment, and each claim of the claims Design changes and additions are allowed without departing from the gist of the invention.

  In the first embodiment, as a regenerative command torque limiting means, various limit maps 71, 72, 73, 74, 75 are used just before stopping, and the regenerative amount is limited to a small value as the motor rotational speed (vehicle speed) decreases. Indicated. However, the regeneration command torque limiting means may be an example in which the limit torque is obtained by calculation and the regeneration amount is limited to be small when the vehicle speed range is just before stopping without using the limit map.

  In Example 1, the example which applies the regenerative brake control apparatus of this invention to an electric vehicle was shown. However, the regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle of the present invention can also be applied to a hybrid vehicle equipped with an electric motor.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electric motor controller 2 Battery 3 Inverter 4 Electric motor 5 Motor rotation sensor 6 Current sensor 7 Transmission 8 Reduction gear 9 Drive wheel 10 Accelerator opening degree sensor 11 Steering switch (regeneration amount setting means)
12 Wheel speed pulse sensor 13 Longitudinal acceleration sensor 14 Brake stroke sensor 15 Stop regeneration switch 71 Stop limit map 72 Limit map for sudden braking 73 Limit map for creep 74 Limit map for brake operation 75 Limit map for slip control No. 76 1 map selection unit 77 2nd map selection unit 78 3rd map selection unit 79 4th map selection unit 80 Gradient correction torque calculation unit 81 Torque adder 82 Torque limiter

Claims (9)

An electric motor coupled to the drive wheels;
An electric motor controller for controlling power running / regeneration of the electric motor;
Regenerative amount setting means for setting the regenerative amount by operating the driver;
Gradient estimation means for estimating the road gradient on which the host vehicle travels,
The electric motor controller is provided with a regeneration instruction torque limitation means for limiting small amount of regeneration with decreasing vehicle speed, and
The regenerative command torque limiting means performs a regenerative command torque limiting process that sets a positive torque when the vehicle speed is zero on an ascending slope and a negative torque when the vehicle speed is zero on a descending slope. apparatus. In the regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle according to claim 1,
The regenerative command torque limiting means performs a regenerative command torque limiting process without accepting a regenerative amount change instruction from a driver when the torque limiting process is started. Brake control device. In the regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle according to claim 1 or 2 ,
The regenerative command torque limiting means increases the vehicle speed at which the regenerative amount starts to be limited with respect to the descending slope in the ascending slope, and the regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle. In the regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3 ,
The regenerative command torque limiting means uses a regenerative torque limit map as a regenerative torque limit map, wherein the horizontal axis represents the motor rotation speed and the vertical axis represents the regenerative torque. It has a limit map that sets the limit characteristics during brake operation with a gentler slope at which the regenerative torque changes with respect to the motor speed than the limit characteristics when stopping on a flat road. A regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle, wherein a limit map in which limit characteristics at the time of the brake operation are set is selected when an automatic brake is operated. In the regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle according to claim 4 ,
The regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle characterized in that the limit map in which the limit characteristic at the time of the brake operation is set makes the inclination of the limit characteristic more gradual as the operation amount of the driver's mechanical brake is larger. In the regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5 ,
The regeneration instruction torque limiting means, as a regeneration torque limit map, and sets the limit characteristic at moderate to the slip control of the slope regenerative torque changes with respect to the motor rotational speed than the limit characteristic when the vehicle is stopped flat Tanro Limit A regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle, comprising: a map, and selecting a limit map in which limit characteristics at the time of slip control are set when slip control is performed to suppress drive wheel slip immediately before stopping. In the regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle according to claim 6 ,
The regenerative command torque limiting means, as a regenerative torque limit map, is a limit map in which a sudden braking limit characteristic is set with a steeper slope at which the regenerative torque changes with respect to the motor rotation speed than a limit characteristic when stopping on a flat road. And when a limit map in which the limit characteristic at the time of slip control is set is selected, if a further deceleration instruction is issued just before stopping, the limit map in which the limit characteristic of the sudden braking is set is selected. A regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle. In the regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 7 ,
The regenerative command torque limiting means has, as a regenerative torque limit map, a stop map suitable for stopping and a limit map in which a creep characteristic during creep in which a creep characteristic suitable for low-speed driving is set is set. when the limit map configured to limit characteristic is selected, the regenerative brake controller of an electric vehicle and selects the limit map configured creep characteristics during the creep and acceleration instruction is issued just before stop . In the regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle according to claim 8 ,
The regenerative command torque limiting means switches to a limit map that sets the stop limit characteristic when a deceleration instruction is issued just before stopping when a limit map that sets the creep characteristic during creep is selected. A regenerative brake control device for an electric vehicle.