JP5863656B2 - 動物の認知機能及び認知関連機能を向上させるための組成物及び方法 - Google Patents
動物の認知機能及び認知関連機能を向上させるための組成物及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5863656B2 JP5863656B2 JP2012528790A JP2012528790A JP5863656B2 JP 5863656 B2 JP5863656 B2 JP 5863656B2 JP 2012528790 A JP2012528790 A JP 2012528790A JP 2012528790 A JP2012528790 A JP 2012528790A JP 5863656 B2 JP5863656 B2 JP 5863656B2
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Description
[0002]本発明は概して、認知機能を向上させるための組成物及び方法に関し、特に、メラトニン及び少なくとも1種のカロテノイドを含む組成物、及び動物の認知機能及び認知関連機能を向上させるためのその使用に関する。
[0003]老齢又は加齢動物には、ある程度の認知障害があることが多い。加齢動物には、年齢とともに進行する認知機能の低下並びに脳の形態及び脳血管機能の加齢性の変化(例えば脳の加齢)が一般に見られる。加齢性又は年齢関連性認知障害は、さまざまな点で現われることがあり、例えば、短期記憶喪失、学習能力の低下、学習速度の低下、注意力の低下及び/又は認知症がある。ある場合には、そのような認知の低下の具体的な原因はわからない。他の場合には、承認された疾患、障害又は症候群(例えばアルツハイマー病(AD))の発症又は進行が原因で認知障害が起こる。しかしながら、年齢関連性の認知の低下は、ADとは異なるものであり、ADとは無関係に起こり得ることがわかっている。
[0013]「動物」とは、認知機能を向上させるのに有用な組成物及び方法から利益を得ることが可能な任意の動物を意味し、例えば、ヒト、鳥、ウシ、イヌ、ウマ、ネコ、ヒクリン、オオカミ、ネズミ、ヒツジ、ブタである。
[0041]一態様において、本発明は、動物の認知機能を向上させるのに適した組成物を提供する。本組成物は、メラトニン及び少なくとも1種のカロテノイドを、動物の認知機能を向上させるのに有効な量含む。特定の実施形態において、本組成物は、動物の認知機能を向上させるのに有効な量の亜鉛をさらに含む。
動物及び試験群:
[0093]少なくとも9歳齢の六十(60)匹のイヌを可変遅延型の遅延非位置合わせ(DNMP)分析についての記憶力に基づいて選択した。次に、記憶力が低い(LPM)、N=24;記憶力が中程度(MPM)、N=24;及び記憶力が高い(HPM)、N=12と定義される重複しない3つの群にイヌを入れた。LPM及びMPM群を処置群及び対照群にさらに分類して合計5つの処置群(下記)を作った。
MPM−対照組成物AM/PM(N=12)
MPM−対照組成物AM/試験組成物PM(N=12)
LPM−対照組成物AM/PM(N=12)
LPM−対照組成物AM/試験組成物PM(N=12)
HPM−対照組成物AM/PM(N=12)
認知関連グループ分けに応じた2選択弁別の習得:
[0099]ベースラインのグループ分けが2選択弁別についての遂行に一般化されるかを確証するために、3群のそれぞれからの対照動物を一元配置分散分析を用いて比較した。表1に結果を示す。
対照群と処置群の比較:
[0101]最初の分析では、t−検定を用いて、群の分類とは無関係にTCを与えられた動物の習得の正確さとCCを与えられた動物の習得の正確さとを比較した。表2に結果を示す。
[0103]処置及び認知関連分類を被験体間変数とする要因分散分析を用いてグループ分け及びフードの影響を調べた。表3に結果を示す。
不正解の選択肢、食餌及び認知関連グループ分けの影響:
[0107]最初の分析では、TC及びCC摂取しているLPM及びMPM群の不正解の選択肢の数に応じた遂行を比較した。単一の不正解の選択肢を提示されると、ほぼすべての場合において動物が誤りを犯すことなく遂行したため、分析は、1、2又は3個の不正解の選択肢によるケースのみを考慮した。
[0111]次の分析では、認知関連分類の影響を調べた。この分析は、CCを与えられた動物の遂行にのみ基づくものとした。認知関連分類(MPM、LPM、HPM)を被験体間変数とし、不正解の選択肢を被験体内変数とする反復測定分散分析によりデータを分析した。表6に結果を示す。
[0113]年齢が注意課題の遂行に寄与するかを調べるために、不正解の選択肢の数を被験体内変数とし、年齢群及びフードの両方を被験体間変数とする反復測定分散分析を用いて、「同じ」及び「異なる」課題の分析を別々に行った。表7に結果を示す。
[0115]同じ課題についての年齢の影響の発生が、年齢に応じて誤りが増加したこと及び不正解の選択肢が3個よりも1及び2個のときに相関関係がより高いことを示している。不正解の選択肢が1個の場合、相関関係はr=0.32、p<0.05であり、不正解の選択肢が2個の場合、相関関係は0.4、p<0.05であった。不正解の選択肢が3個の場合、相関関係はr=0.22であった。
[0116]異なる課題の結果は、年齢との小さな正の相関関係を示し、年齢が増加するにつれ誤りが増加する。
[0117]大半のイヌは、すべての実験に対して速やかに反応した。応答潜時の分析では、数匹の動物が残りの動物よりも大幅に長い平均応答潜時を示した。こうした動物のデータが含まれると、グループ分けしたデータが著しくゆがめられることになるであろう。したがって、合わせた群の平均のSDが2単位を超える平均潜時を有するすべての動物を分析から除いた。各群から1匹の動物が外された。除かれた動物には、Sealia(LPM;TC)、Nettie(LPM;CC)、Chilli(MPM;TC)、Cherry(HMP;CC)が含まれた。課題及び不正解の選択肢(0〜3個)を被験体内変数とし、認知関連分類及び処置を被験体間変数とする反復測定分散分析によりデータをまず分析した。表9に結果を示す。
[0119]認知関連分類のいかなる影響もないため、認知関連分類とは無関係に各処置群を比較する分析を別々に行った。課題及び不正解の選択肢の数の両方を被験体内変数とし、食餌を被験体間変数とする反復測定分散分析によりデータを分析した。この結果は、不正解の選択肢の数の影響が有意であり(p=0.000)、食餌(p=0.0879)、不正解の選択肢の数別の食餌(p=0.088)及び不正解の選択肢の数別の課題(p=0.059)の効果がわずかに有意であることを示した。表10に結果を示す。この結果は、(1)TCを与えられた動物よりもCCを与えられた動物の方が平均でゆっくりと反応したこと、(2)不正解の選択肢の数を増加するにつれて群間の差が大きくなること、及び(3)異なる課題よりも同じ課題の方が群間の差が大きくなることを示している。
Claims (7)
- 動物の認知機能向上用の医薬組成物であって、メラトニン及び少なくとも1種のカロテノイドを、該動物の認知機能を向上させるのに有効な量含み、
亜鉛を、認知機能を向上させるのに有効な量含み、
0.1〜80mg/kgのメラトニン及び0.02〜10mg/kgの少なくとも1種のカロテノイドを含み、
0.1〜400mg/kgの亜鉛を含み、
前記カロテノイドがアスタキサンチンであり、
前記動物が健康な加齢イヌである、医薬組成物。 - 動物の認知機能を向上させるための方法であって、メラトニン及び少なくとも1種のカロテノイドを含む組成物を、該動物の認知機能を向上させるのに有効な量該動物に投与するステップを含み、
前記組成物は、亜鉛を、認知機能を向上させるのに有効な量含み、
前記組成物は、0.1〜80mg/kgのメラトニン及び0.02〜10mg/kgの少なくとも1種のカロテノイドを含み、
前記組成物は0.1〜400mg/kgの亜鉛を含み、
前記カロテノイドがアスタキサンチンであり、
前記動物が健康な加齢イヌである、方法。 - 前記メラトニンは合成メラトニンである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記動物は、加齢の過程又は外傷により引き起こされる認知機能の低下が起こりやすいか起きている動物である、請求項2又は3に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物は、少なくとも1種の認知関連薬物と併せて、認知機能を向上させるのに有効な量該動物に投与される、請求項2〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記認知関連薬物は、セレギリン、ニセルゴリン、ホスファチジルセリン、プロペントフィリン、ガランタミン、ビンポセチン、ドネペジル、ギンクゴ・ビロバ抽出物、ビスホソホネート、ラロキシフェン、エストロゲン、フィトエストロゲン、カルシトニン、リセドロネート又はアレンドロネートの少なくとも1種である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 動物の加齢性の行動変化を抑制又は予防する方法であって、メラトニン、少なくとも1種のカロテノイド及び亜鉛を含む組成物を、該動物の加齢性の行動変化を抑制又は予防するのに有効な量該動物に投与するステップを含み、
前記組成物は、0.1〜80mg/kgのメラトニン及び0.02〜10mg/kgの少なくとも1種のカロテノイドを含み、
前記組成物は1〜400mg/kgの亜鉛を含み、
前記カロテノイドがアスタキサンチンであり、
前記動物が健康な加齢イヌである、方法。
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