JP5828408B2 - 交流電気分解法を用いた金属ナノ粒子の製造方法及び装置 - Google Patents
交流電気分解法を用いた金属ナノ粒子の製造方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5828408B2 JP5828408B2 JP2012529678A JP2012529678A JP5828408B2 JP 5828408 B2 JP5828408 B2 JP 5828408B2 JP 2012529678 A JP2012529678 A JP 2012529678A JP 2012529678 A JP2012529678 A JP 2012529678A JP 5828408 B2 JP5828408 B2 JP 5828408B2
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- electrolysis
- metal nanoparticles
- reducing agent
- reaction
- electrolyte
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- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 27
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine group Chemical group NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RJTANRZEWTUVMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound [B].CNC RJTANRZEWTUVMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexanoic acid Natural products CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010277 boron hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/20—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/20—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C5/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metal powders or porous metal masses
- C25C5/02—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metal powders or porous metal masses from solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
- B22F1/056—Submicron particles having a size above 100 nm up to 300 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
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Description
より好ましい投入量(g)は、純水1Lを基準に、反応時間が1時間(1H)である時、電流の強さ(単位:アンペア)の1.3倍の整数比に該当する分散剤を添加するものである。
図1に示されたように、銀からなる第1及び第2電極を距離を置いて反応容器内に配置した後、超純水(DI−water)1Lに、電解質としてクエン酸(Citric acid)2.0mmol、電解質としてヒドラジンを6.0mmolを注入し、分散剤であるBYK Chemie社のDisperbykTM−190 8.0gをそれぞれ反応容器に入れて、完全に溶解されるまで撹拌機を用いて撹拌した。
試験例2では、還元剤としてヒドラジンの投入量を13.50mmolに増加させて注入したことを除いては、試験例1と同一に電気分解反応を進行し、電気分解反応後に銀電極の消耗量を測定し、得られた水溶液中に存在する銀ナノ粒子をFE−SEMで分析した結果、得られた銀ナノ粒子はほとんど12〜60nmの大きさの比較的狭い粒度分布を有し、少量の沈殿が発生したことを観察することができた。
試験例3では、還元剤としてヒドラジンの投入量を18.00mmolに増加させて注入したことを除いては、試験例1と同一に電気分解反応を進行し、電気分解反応後に銀電極の消耗量を測定し、反応水溶液中に存在する銀ナノ粒子をFE−SEMで分析した結果、得られた銀ナノ粒子はほとんど12〜20nmの大きさで、非常に狭い粒度分布を示した。また、沈殿が殆ど発見されなかった事実も確認することができた。
試験例4では、還元剤としてヒドラジンの投入量を24.00mmolに増加させて注入したことを除いては、試験例1と同一に電気分解反応を進行し、電気分解反応後に銀電極の消耗量を測定し、反応水溶液中に存在する銀ナノ粒子をFE−SEMで分析した結果、得られた銀ナノ粒子はほとんど12〜20nmの大きさで、非常に狭い粒度分布を示した。また、沈殿も殆ど発見されなかった事実も確認することができた。
試験例5では、還元剤としてヒドラジンの投入量を36.00mmolに増加させて注入したことを除いて、試験例1と同一に電気分解反応を進行し、電気分解反応後に銀電極の消耗量を測定し、反応水溶液中に存在する銀ナノ粒子をFE−SEMで分析した結果、得られた銀ナノ粒子はほとんど12〜20nmの大きさの非常に狭い粒子分布を示した。
試験例6では、超純水(DI−water)1Lに、電解質としてクエン酸(Citric acid)2.0mmol、電解質及び還元剤としてヒドラジン(Hydrazine)24.0mmol、分散剤であるBYK Chemie社のDisperbykTM−190 8.0gをそれぞれ反応容器に入れて溶解して電解溶液を準備し、他の条件は試験例1と同一に電気分解反応を進行した。
試験例7では、超純水(DI−water)1Lに、電解質としてクエン酸(Citric acid)2.0mmol、電解質及び還元剤としてヒドラジン(Hydrazine)15.0mmol、分散剤であるBYK Chemie社のDisperbykTM−190 8.0gをそれぞれ反応容器に入れて溶解して電解溶液を準備し、45分間反応を進行した後、再びヒドラジン9.0mmolを追加で注入して、45分間さらに反応させて、計1時間30分間反応させた。他の条件は試験例6と同一に電気分解反応を進行した。
試験例8では、超純水(DI−water)1Lに、電解質としてクエン酸(Citric acid)2.0mmol、電解質及び還元剤としてヒドラジン(Hydrazine)12.0mmol、分散剤であるBYK Chemie社のDisperbykTM−190 8.0gをそれぞれ反応容器に入れて溶解して電解溶液を準備し、30分間反応を進行した後、30分間隔で再びヒドラジン6.0mmolを2回にわたって計12.0mmolを追加で注入して、計1時間30分間反応させた。他の条件は試験例6と同一に電気分解反応を進行した。
試験例9では、前記試験例3と同一に、最初に超純水(DI−water)1Lに、電解質としてクエン酸(Citric acid)2.0mmol、電解質としてヒドラジンを初期濃度6.0mmolに合せて注入し、分散剤であるBYK Chemie社のDisperbykTM−190 8.0gをそれぞれ反応容器に入れて溶解して電解溶液を準備した後反応させた。
試験例10ないし試験例13は、前記試験例9において分散剤の投入量を表3のように変化させながらナノ粒子の特性を観察した。
試験例14ないし試験例20は、前記試験例9において交流電源の周波数(f)変化による収率の変化を試験し、その結果を表4に記載した。
Claims (13)
- 反応容器内に、電解質及び分散剤を純水に溶解させて電解溶液を準備する段階と、
前記電解溶液内に、合成しようとする金属ナノ粒子と同じ材料からなる第1及び第2電極を距離を置いて反応容器に設置する段階と、
前記第1電極と第2電極との間に交流電源を印加し、前記電解溶液内に第1及び第2電極の金属をイオン化させ、金属ナノ粒子を合成する段階と、を含むことを特徴とする、電気分解法を用いた金属ナノ粒子の製造方法として、
前記反応容器内に還元剤を電気分解反応の開始とともに一定の速度で投入し、該還元剤の投入量は、純水1Lを基準とする時、(電流の強さ(単位:アンペア)の整数値)×2mmol/h〜(電流の強さ(単位:アンペア)の整数値)×4mmol/hに設定され、
前記分散剤の投入量は、純水1Lを基準とする時、前記交流電源の電流の強さ(単位:アンペア)の整数値×(1.0)×反応時間〜交流電源の電流の強さ(単位:アンペア)の整数値×(1.5)×反応時間に設定されることを特徴とする、電気分解法を用いた金属ナノ粒子の製造方法。 - 前記第1及び第2電極は、Ag、Pt、Au、Mg、Al、Zn、Fe、Cu、Ni、及びPdで構成される群から選択されるいずれか1種または2種以上の合金を使用することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電気分解法を用いた金属ナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 前記電解溶液は、酸性の電解質と塩基性の電解質とを混合して使用し、pH7ないし9に設定されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電気分解法を用いた金属ナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 前記交流電源の周波数(f)が、0<f<10Hzであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電気分解法を用いた金属ナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 前記周波数(f)が、0.1≦f≦5Hzであることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の電気分解法を用いた金属ナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 前記還元剤は、ヒドラジン(hydrazine:N2H4)、次亜リン酸ナトリウム(sodiμm hypophosphite:NaH2PO2)、ソジウムボロハイドライド(sodiμm borohydride:NaBH4)、ジメチルアミンボラン(DMAB:dimethylamine borane:(CH3)2NHBH3)、ホルムアルデヒド(formaldehyde:HCHO)、及びアスコルビン酸(ascorbic acid)で構成される群から選択されるいずれか1種または2種以上を使用することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電気分解法を用いた金属ナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 前記電解質は、硝酸、ギ酸(formic acid)、酢酸(acetic acid)、クエン酸(citric acid)、酒石酸(tartaric acid)、グルタル酸(glutaric acid)、ヘキサン酸(hexanoic acid)で構成される酸、前記酸のアルカリ金属塩、アンモニア(NH3)、トリエチルアミン(TEA:triethyl amine)、及びピリジン(pyridine)のアミンで構成される群から選択されるいずれか1種または2種以上、またはアミノ酸を使用することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電気分解法を用いた金属ナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 前記電解質は、クエン酸(citric acid)とヒドラジン(Hydrazine)を混合して使用することを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の電気分解法を用いた金属ナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 前記分散剤は、水溶性高分子分散剤または水分散高分子分散剤を使用することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電気分解法を用いた金属ナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 電解溶液が収容された反応容器と、
前記反応容器の内部に間隔を置いて設置され、得ようとする金属ナノ粒子と同じ材料からなる第1及び第2電極と、
電気分解反応のために、交流電源を前記第1及び第2電極間に印加するための電源装置と、
前記交流電源の印加によって電気分解反応が進行される時に還元剤を前記電解溶液内に投入するための還元剤供給装置と、を含むことを特徴とする、電気分解法を用いた金属ナノ粒子の製造装置として、
前記反応容器内に還元剤を一定の速度で投入し、該還元剤の投入量は、純水1Lを基準とする時、(電流の強さ(単位:アンペア)の整数値)×2mmol/h〜(電流の強さ(単位:アンペア)の整数値)×4mmol/hに設定され、
前記反応容器内に分散剤を投入し、該分散剤の投入量は、純水1Lを基準とする時、前記交流電源の電流の強さ(単位:アンペア)の整数値×(1.0)×反応時間〜交流電源の電流の強さ(単位:アンペア)の整数値×(1.5)×反応時間に設定されることを特徴とする、電気分解法を用いた金属ナノ粒子の製造装置。 - 前記交流電源の周波数(f)が、0<f<10Hzであることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の電気分解法を用いた金属ナノ粒子の製造装置。
- 前記交流電源の周波数(f)が、0.1≦f≦1Hzであることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の電気分解法を用いた金属ナノ粒子の製造装置。
- 前記電解溶液は、純水に電解質及び分散剤を溶解させたものであって、
前記電解溶液は、酸性の電解質と塩基性の電解質とを混合して使用し、pH7ないし9に設定されることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の電気分解法を用いた金属ナノ粒子の製造装置。
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