JP5809661B2 - 分子撮像用の超音波造影剤及び粒子の使用 - Google Patents
分子撮像用の超音波造影剤及び粒子の使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
− 例として、30分以上の間に標的とされた器官における検出を可能にする、血液における安定な且つ十分な寿命;
− 毛細血管を通過することを可能とするための8ミクロン未満の粒子の大きさ;
− 非毒性のもの、又は、許容可能な毒性;
− 十分な反射の向上;
− 生産及び臨床的な使用の容易さ;
− 高度に特異的な標的とすることを可能にすること、
のうち可能な限り多数のものを有するべきである。
この表が、与えられた超音波の設備についての周波数の分解能及び浸透依存性の典型的な例を反映することに留意すること。その分解能及び浸透は、そのトランスデューサーの周波数に依存するものである。しかし、同じ周波数の二つのトランスデューサーは、必ずしも常に、同じ分解能及び浸透を有するものではない。
それら金属のナノ粒子における使用のための金属は、好ましくは、化学的に安定な且つ非毒性のものである金属であると共に、適当な被覆物によって化学的に安定なものにされてきた。この点において特に関心のあるものは、安定性及び非毒性又は限定された毒性と適当な音響的なインピーダンスの特徴を組み合わせる金属である。それら金属の粒子が、その基材の中に埋め込まれるか又は組み込まれる他の用途において、高い音響インピーダンスを備えた毒性の金属を、生体内の用途について使用することができる。一つの実施形態に従って、その金属は、貴金属である。本発明の特定の態様に従って、その金属は、非磁性のものである。
− その基材に存する、金属のナノ粒子。これらを、その基材へ共有又は非共有結合させることができるか、その基材の構成要素によって囲むことができるか、又は、その基材における孔内に存する(図7a)。
これらの安定化された小滴を、例えば標的とされる場合に、超音波造影剤として、それ自体によって使用することができる。その小滴のシェルの中に、上に、又は下に、金属のナノ粒子を加えることによって、反射の向上における増加を、得ることができる。この実施形態において、本発明に従った基材は、その小滴の分散物である。本発明の小滴は、ナノメートルの又は結局マイクロメートルの寸法を有すると共に、体の組織との低い音響の不整合を有する。これは、より大きい寸法(マイクロメートル)及び人間の組織との高い音響の不整合を通常有する先行技術のマイクロバブルと対照的なものである。また、本発明の小滴は、先行技術のマイクロバブルと比較されると、増加させられた寿命を有する。
[式1]
‘r(k)’は、非圧縮性の材料の振幅の反射係数である、
‘t’は、媒質1(例.水)、媒質2(超音波造影層/剤)、及び、媒質3(例.基体)の間における複素数の透過係数である、
‘r’は、媒質1(例.水)、媒質2(超音波造影層/剤)、及び、媒質3(例.基体)の間における複素数の反射係数である(図1を参照のこと)、
‘12’は、媒質1(例.水)及び2(例.金の層)の間の界面及び1から2へ進行する音の方向を指し示す。
その向上は、
[式2]
血餅、又は、平均の人間の組織と同じ音響の性質を備えた別の材料の上部における、金の造影層の反射の向上における層の厚さ及び周波数の依存性は、図4に示される。これらの結果は、周波数を増加させること(波長を減少させること)が、反射の向上における増加に帰着することを指し示す。その金属の層の厚さを増加させることは、反射の向上における増加に帰着する。超音波の浸透が、トランスデューサーの周波数に依存したものであるので、(より高い反射の向上を得る)高い周波数を、体の内部におけるより深い器官及び他の組織の医学的な超音波撮像に使用することができない。
本例は、小さい金属のナノ粒子のクラスター化が、70nmより上の直径を備えた金属の粒子について許容可能な代替物を提供することを例示する。
付記(1):
複数の金属のナノ粒子を含む、医学的な診断及び撮像用の造影剤であって、
該複数の金属のナノ粒子は、非タンパク質性の生体適合性の又は生分解性の基材の粒子の中にカプセル化される、及び/又は、非タンパク質性の生体適合性の又は生分解性の基材の粒子へ付けられると共に、
該基材の粒子の基材は、炭水化物、脂質、合成の重合体、水性の液体、界面活性剤、及び有機の液体、又は、それらの混合物からなる群より選択される、造影剤。
前記基材は、小胞のシェルである、付記(1)に記載の複数の金属のナノ粒子を含む造影剤。
前記金属のナノ粒子は、少なくとも35.105g/cm2sの音響のインピーダンスを有する、付記(1)又は(2)に記載の造影剤。
前記金属のナノ粒子は、50.105g/cm2sより上の音響のインピーダンスを有する、付記(1)乃至(3)のいずれかに記載の造影剤。
前記金属のナノ粒子は、1nmと100nmとの間の直径を有する、付記(1)乃至(3)のいずれかに記載の造影剤。
前記金属のナノ粒子は、1nmと50nmとの間の直径を有する、付記(1)乃至(5)のいずれかに記載の造影剤。
前記金属は、非磁性である、付記(1)乃至(6)のいずれかに記載の造影剤。
前記非磁性の金属は、金、銀、白金、パラジウム、タングステン若しくはタンタル、レニウム、又はそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される、付記(6)に記載の造影剤。
前記金属は、貴金属である、付記(1)乃至(8)のいずれかに記載の造影剤。
前記基材の粒子は、1マイクロメートルと8マイクロメートルとの間の直径を有する、付記(1)乃至(9)のいずれかに記載の造影剤。
前記基材の粒子は、25ナノメートルと250ナノメートルとの間の直径を有する、付記(1)乃至(9)のいずれかに記載の造影剤。
前記金属のナノ粒子は、前記基材において少なくとも2%体積/体積の濃度で存在する、付記(1)乃至(11)のいずれかに記載の造影剤。
一つ以上の標的とする分子が、前記基材の粒子に付けられる、付記(1)乃至(12)のいずれかに記載の造影剤。
一つ以上の標的とする分子が、前記基材のナノ粒子の表面に付けられる、付記(1)乃至(12)のいずれかに記載の造影剤。
超音波造影剤の製造のための、複数の金属のナノ粒子を含む、非タンパク質性の基材の粒子の使用であって、
該基材は、炭水化物、脂質、合成の重合体、水性の液体、及び有機の液体、又は、それらの混合物からなる群より選択される、使用。
動物又は人間の患者についての情報を取得する又は診断の方法であって、
該動物又は人間の患者には、付記(1)乃至(14)のいずれか一つに記載の造影剤が投与されてしまっていると共に、
当該方法は、該動物又は人間の超音波撮像の検査を行うこと:を含む、方法。
器官の単離された組織の試料を撮像する方法であって、
当該方法は、該組織の試料又は器官へ付記(1)乃至(14)のいずれか一つに記載の造影剤を投与すること、及び、それの超音波撮像の検査を行うことを含む、方法。
Claims (9)
- 複数の金属のナノ粒子を含む医学の診断及び撮像のための超音波造影剤において、
上記の複数の金属のナノ粒子は、非タンパク質性の生体適合性の又は生分解性の基材の粒子にカプセル化されたもの及び/又は非タンパク質性の生体適合性の又は生分解性の基材の粒子へ付けられたものであると共に、
前記基材が炭水化物、脂質、合成のポリマー、界面活性剤、及びエマルジョン、又はそれらの混合物からなる群より選択されたものであると共に、
上記の金属のナノ粒子は、1及び100nmの間における直径を有すると共に、
上記の金属のナノ粒子は、上記の基材において少なくとも5%体積/体積の濃度で存在するものであると共に、
上記の金属は非磁性であると共に、
上記の非磁性の金属は、タングステン、タンタル、レニウム又はそれらの混合からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする超音波造影剤。 - 請求項1に従った複数の金属のナノ粒子を含む超音波造影剤において、
上記の基材は、小胞のシェルである、超音波造影剤。 - 請求項1又は2に従った超音波造影剤において、
上記の金属のナノ粒子は、少なくとも35×105g/cm2sの音響のインピーダンスを有する、超音波造影剤。 - 請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に従った超音波造影剤において、
上記の金属のナノ粒子は、50×105g/cm2sより上の音響のインピーダンスを有する、超音波造影剤。 - 請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に従った超音波造影剤において、
上記の金属のナノ粒子は、1及び50nmの間における直径を有する、超音波造影剤。 - 請求項1から5までのいずれか1項に従った超音波造影剤において、
上記の金属は、貴金属である、超音波造影剤。 - 請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に従った超音波造影剤において、
上記の基材の粒子は、1及び8マイクロメートルの間における直径を有する、超音波造影剤。 - 請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に従った超音波造影剤において、
上記の基材の粒子は、25及び250ナノメートルの間における直径を有する、超音波造影剤。 - 超音波造影剤の製造のための、複数の金属のナノ粒子を含む非タンパク質性の基材の粒子の使用において、
上記の金属のナノ粒子は、1及び100nmの間における直径を有すると共に、
上記の金属のナノ粒子は、上記の基材において少なくとも5%体積/体積の濃度で存在するものであると共に、
上記の基材は、炭水化物、脂質、合成のポリマー、エマルジョン、又はそれらの混合物からなる群より選択されたものであると共に、
上記の金属は非磁性であると共に、
上記の非磁性の金属は、タングステン、タンタル、レニウム又はそれらの混合からなる群より選択される、使用。
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