JP5795458B2 - 金属酸化物分散体 - Google Patents
金属酸化物分散体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5795458B2 JP5795458B2 JP2008531774A JP2008531774A JP5795458B2 JP 5795458 B2 JP5795458 B2 JP 5795458B2 JP 2008531774 A JP2008531774 A JP 2008531774A JP 2008531774 A JP2008531774 A JP 2008531774A JP 5795458 B2 JP5795458 B2 JP 5795458B2
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- Prior art keywords
- metal oxide
- oxide particles
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- dispersion
- Prior art date
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 82
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 80
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 107
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical group O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 ethylhexyl triglyceride Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940093629 isopropyl isostearate Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- NEOZOXKVMDBOSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 16-methylheptadecanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C NEOZOXKVMDBOSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940086555 cyclomethicone Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- BJRXGOFKVBOFCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl 16-methylheptadecanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C)O BJRXGOFKVBOFCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XJNUECKWDBNFJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(CC)CCCC XJNUECKWDBNFJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940008099 dimethicone Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- LINXHFKHZLOLEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[phenyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]oxysilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](O[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 LINXHFKHZLOLEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CMBYOWLFQAFZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCC CMBYOWLFQAFZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940100463 hexyl laurate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 10
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- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Substances [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 5
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- WNWHHMBRJJOGFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO WNWHHMBRJJOGFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XUGNVMKQXJXZCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C XUGNVMKQXJXZCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-1-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CC(O)CN1C1CCNCC1 HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YBGZDTIWKVFICR-JLHYYAGUSA-N Octyl 4-methoxycinnamic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 YBGZDTIWKVFICR-JLHYYAGUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012470 diluted sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-octadecanoic acid Natural products CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960001679 octinoxate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZWYDDDAMNQQZHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L titanium(ii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ti+2] ZWYDDDAMNQQZHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000002478 γ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQCIPRGNRQXXSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octadecoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCC(C)O ZQCIPRGNRQXXSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JSOVGYMVTPPEND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C JSOVGYMVTPPEND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OPJWPPVYCOPDCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC OPJWPPVYCOPDCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEACJMVNYZDSKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octyldodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(CO)CCCCCCCC LEACJMVNYZDSKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PTPDZZWUOHQSLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octyldodecyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(COC(=O)C(C)(C)C)CCCCCCCC PTPDZZWUOHQSLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIVPNOBLHXUKDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CCOC(=O)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C UIVPNOBLHXUKDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGKQNDQDVZQTAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C KGKQNDQDVZQTAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000062730 Melissa officinalis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010654 Melissa officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000004005 Nypa fruticans Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005305 Nypa fruticans Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OQILCOQZDHPEAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palmitinsaeure-octylester Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC OQILCOQZDHPEAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LPGFSDGXTDNTCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(16-methylheptadecanoyloxy)-2,2-bis(16-methylheptadecanoyloxymethyl)propyl] 16-methylheptadecanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C)(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C LPGFSDGXTDNTCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- UBNYRXMKIIGMKK-RMKNXTFCSA-N amiloxate Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(\C=C\C(=O)OCCC(C)C)C=C1 UBNYRXMKIIGMKK-RMKNXTFCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BTFJIXJJCSYFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N arachidyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BTFJIXJJCSYFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SASYSVUEVMOWPL-NXVVXOECSA-N decyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC SASYSVUEVMOWPL-NXVVXOECSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PKPOVTYZGGYDIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)OCCCCCCCC PKPOVTYZGGYDIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- GJQLBGWSDGMZKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylhexyl palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CC)CCCCC GJQLBGWSDGMZKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003976 glyceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(O[H])([H])C(O[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoethylethanolamine Chemical compound NCCNCCO LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005193 avobenzone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940111759 benzophenone-2 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- WXNRYSGJLQFHBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1O WXNRYSGJLQFHBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SODJJEXAWOSSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1O SODJJEXAWOSSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019437 butane-1,3-diol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008406 cosmetic ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M decanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003949 dexpanthenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NZZIMKJIVMHWJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzoylmethane Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NZZIMKJIVMHWJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000735 docosanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004697 enzacamene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229960004881 homosalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940060384 isostearyl isostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- SOXAGEOHPCXXIO-DVOMOZLQSA-N menthyl anthranilate Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@H]1OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1N SOXAGEOHPCXXIO-DVOMOZLQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002248 meradimate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005474 octanoate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FMJSMJQBSVNSBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octocrylene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=C(C#N)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 FMJSMJQBSVNSBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000601 octocrylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxybenzone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001173 oxybenzone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940057874 phenyl trimethicone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CEYGNZMCCVVXQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CO.OP(O)(O)=O CEYGNZMCCVVXQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003902 salicylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 201000000849 skin cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
- A61Q17/04—Topical preparations for affording protection against sunlight or other radiation; Topical sun tanning preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/26—Aluminium; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/27—Zinc; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/29—Titanium; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/31—Hydrocarbons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
- A61K8/375—Esters of carboxylic acids the alcohol moiety containing more than one hydroxy group
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/16—Emollients or protectives, e.g. against radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y5/00—Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/41—Particular ingredients further characterized by their size
- A61K2800/413—Nanosized, i.e. having sizes below 100 nm
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
Description
結晶サイズはX線回折(XRD)線の広がりにより測定した。回折パターンは、モノクロメータとして動作するSol−Xエネルギー分散検出器を備えたSiemens D5000回折装置において、CuKα線の放射を用いて測定した。プログラム制御可能なスリットを使用し、ステップサイズを0.02°、ステップ検出時間を3秒として、12mm長の試料からの回折を測定した。データの分析は、2θが22°と48°の間の回折パターンを、ルチルについての反射位置に対応する一連のピークとフィッティングすることにより行った。アナターゼが存在する場合は、それらの反射に対応する追加の一連のピークともフィッティングした。このフィッティング処理によって、回折線形状の幅広化といった装置の影響を除くことができた。平均結晶サイズの質量平均値は、Stokes及びWilsonの方法原理(B.E.Warren,”X−Ray Diffraction”,Addison−Wesley,Reading,Massachusetts,1969,pp254−257)に従い、ルチル(110)の反射(2θはおよそ27.4°)についてその幅を積算することに基づいて決定した。
金属酸化物粒子の分散体を、ポリヒドロキシステアリン酸6.3gを、極性材料(例えば、イソステアリン酸イソプロピル又はイソステアリン酸プロピレングリコール)51.85g及びシロキサン流体(例えば、シクロメチコン)51.85gと混合し、次いで金属酸化物90gをその溶液中に添加することにより作製した。およそ2100回転/分で動作し、粉砕媒体としてジルコニアビーズを含む水平型ビーズミルに混合物を15分間通した。金属酸化物粒子の分散体をミリスチン酸イソプロピルと混合して30〜40g/Lとなるように希釈した。希釈したサンプルを、Brookhaven BI−XDC粒度分布測定装置にて遠心分離モードで分析して、体積メジアン粒子径及び粒子サイズ分布を測定した。
Micromeritics Flowsorb II 2300を用い、1点法でBET比表面積を測定した。
日焼け止め組成物を用いて光沢のある黒いカードの表面上を被覆し、濡れ厚さが12μmのフィルムを形成するようにNo.2のKバーを用いて引き延ばした。フィルムを10分間室温に置いて乾燥し、Minolta CR300色差計を用いて黒色表面における被覆の白色度(LF)を測定した。白色度の変化ΔLは、被覆の白色度(LF)から基材の白色度(LS)を引くことにより計算した。白色度指数は、標準の二酸化チタン(Tayca MT100T、Tayca Corporation)を100%として比較したときの、白色度の変化ΔLの百分率である。
日焼け止め組成物のサンケア指数(SPF)は、Diffey及びRobsonによるJ.Soc.Cosmet.Chem.Vol.40,pp127−133,1989の体外法を用いて決定した。
金属酸化物分散体0.1gのサンプルをシクロヘキサン100mLで希釈した。次いで、この希釈したサンプルを、サンプル:シクロヘキサンの比が1:19になるようにシクロヘキサンを用いてさらに希釈した。全体で希釈は1:20,000となった。次いで、希釈したサンプルを光路長1cmの分光光度計(Perkin−Elmer Lambda 2 UV/VIS分光光度計)に置き、UV及び可視光の吸光度を測定した。吸光係数は式A=Ecl(A=吸光度、E=吸光係数[L/g/cm]、c=濃度[g/L]及びl=光路長[cm])から計算した。
極性材料又はシロキサン流体分散媒体と水との間の界面張力は、Du Nuoy Ring法により25℃にて測定した。
金属酸化物分散体の粘度は、C25同心円筒を用いたBohlin CVOレオメータにより25℃で測定した。サンプルを1000s-1のせん断速度で30秒間予備せん断した後測定した。測定は、予備せん断の完了直後に、0.03Paの初期せん断応力を適用し、180秒の期間にわたって1000Paまで圧力を上げることにより行った。低せん断速度(0.01s-1)及び高せん断速度(100s-1)での粘度を記録した。
二塩化酸化チタン1モルの酸性溶液をNaOH3モルの水溶液と反応させた。初期の反応時間が経過した後、温度を70℃より高く上げて撹拌を続けた。反応混合物にNaOH水溶液を添加して中和し、70℃より低くなるまで放置して冷却した。次いで、TiO2の質量に対してAl2O310.5質量%に相当する量の、アルミン酸ナトリウムのアルカリ溶液を添加した。添加中は温度を70℃より低く維持した。温度を70℃より高く上げて、TiO2の質量に対してステアリン酸ナトリウム13.5質量%に相当する量のステアリン酸ナトリウムを添加した。塩酸溶液を添加して分散体を中和した。得られたスラリーを濾過し、脱塩水で洗浄し、オーブン中で乾燥し、次いでミクロ粉砕して粒子状二酸化チタンを生成した。
i)平均結晶サイズ=7nm
ii)吸光係数
E524=0.9、E450=1.6、E308=45.6、E360=7.6、E(max)=60.1、λ(max)=280
イソステアリン酸イソプロピルの代わりにイソステアリン酸プロピレングリコールを用いたこと以外は例1の手順を繰り返した。
i)平均結晶サイズ=7nm
ii)低せん断粘度=2,480mPa・s及び高せん断粘度=1,000mPa・s
iii)吸光係数
E524=0.7、E450=1.5、E308=46.7、E360=6.9、E(max)=62.2、λ(max)=279
例1で生成した二酸化チタン分散体を使用して、以下の組成の日焼け止め製品を調製した(単位はw/w%)。
相A:
シクロメチコン(Pentamer) 7.75
ESTOL 1543(商標、例えばUniqema) 9.75
DC 2502流体(例えばDow Corning) 2.0
例1で生成した二酸化チタン分散体 12.0
相B:
ARLATONE 2121(商標、例えばUniqema) 4.5
Keltrol RD(例えばNutrasweek Kelco) 0.2
Veegum Ultra(例えばRT Vanderbilt) 0.8
Rewoderm S1333(例えばWitco) 0.2
D−Panthenol USP(例えばRoche) 0.8
硫酸マグネシウム 0.7
プロピレングリコール 4.0
水 100まで
相C:
Phenonip(例えばNipa) 0.4
1)水とArlatone 2121を混合し、Arlatone 2121が十分に分散するまで適度な撹拌とともに80℃に加熱した。
2)残りの相Bの成分を撹拌しながら添加し、温度を75〜80℃に維持した。
3)相Aの成分を75〜80℃に加熱した。
4)相Aを撹拌しながら相Bに加え、混合物を2分間にわたって均質化した。
5)混合物を撹拌しながら45℃に冷却し、相Cを添加した。
6)撹拌しながら室温まで冷却した。
例2で生成した二酸化チタン分散体を使用して、以下の組成の日焼け止め製品を調製した(単位はw/w%)。
相A:
シクロメチコン(Pentamer) 6.0
KF6028 3.0
Arlacel 183V(商標、例えばUniqema) 0.6
メトキシケイ皮酸オクチル 7.5
p−メトキシケイ皮酸イソアミル 2.0
サリチル酸オクチル 3.2
相B:
PRICERINE 9091(商標、例えばUniqema) 2.0
1,3ブチレングリコール 3.0
硫酸マグネシウム 0.8
水 100まで
相C:
ベントナイトゲル VS5PC−V 6.0
相D:
例2で生成した二酸化チタン分散体 12.5
相E:
Phenonip(例えばNipa) 0.4
1)相A及びBの成分を互いに別々に混合した。
2)相A及びBを別々に70℃まで加熱した。
3)相Bを相Aに加え、5分間にわたって均質化した。
4)混合物を55〜60℃に冷却した。
5)相C、D及びEを混合物に加え、混合物を2〜3分間にわたって均質化した。
6)室温まで冷却した。
例2で生成した二酸化チタン分散体を使用して、以下の組成の日焼け止め製品(サンバーム)を調製した(単位はw/w%)。
蜜ろう 8.5
水添オリーブ油ステアリルエステルズ 6.0
ワセリン 8.0
シアバター 3.0
ベヘニルアルコール 2.5
MONASIL PCA(商標、例えばUniqema) 3.0
メトキシケイ皮酸オクチル 7.5
p−メトキシケイ皮酸イソアミル 2.0
シクロメチコン 4.0
PRISORINE 3631(商標、例えばUniqema) 6.5
PRISORINE 2039(商標、例えばUniqema) 7.0
例2で生成した二酸化チタン分散体 25.0
シリカ 5.0
顔料(未処理) 2.0
タピオカピュア 10
1)すべての成分を一緒に混合して80℃まで加熱した。
2)混合物を十分に分散するまで撹拌した。
3)混合物を60℃に冷却して容器に入れた。
4)室温まで冷却した。
Claims (14)
- 24〜42nmの範囲の体積メジアン粒子径を有する金属酸化物粒子を
(i)少なくとも1つの極性材料であって、30mNm-1未満の該極性材料と水との間の界面張力を有し、トリエチルヘキシルトリグリセリド(triethylhexyl triglyceride)、エチルヘキサン酸セチル、ラウリン酸ヘキシル、イソステアリン酸イソプロピル及びイソステアリン酸プロピレングリコールからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの極性材料と
(ii)ジメチルポリシロキサン、ジメチルシリコーン、高重合メチルポリシロキサン、メチルポリシロキサン、環状オリゴマーのジアルキルシロキサン、ジメチルシロキサンの線状オリゴマー又はポリマー及びフェニルトリス(トリメチルシロキシ)シランからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのシロキサン流体と
の混合物を含む媒体中に分散させてなり、極性材料とシロキサン流体の比が質量%で10〜90:90〜10であり、少なくとも40質量%の金属酸化物粒子を含み、25℃及び0.01s -1 のせん断速度で25,000mPa・s未満のせん断粘度を有する、分散体。 - 前記金属酸化物粒子の平均結晶サイズが4〜10nmの範囲である、請求項1に記載の分散体。
- 金属酸化物粒子のうち16体積%未満の体積径の、前記体積メジアン粒子径から下回る量が9nm超である、請求項1又は2に記載の分散体。
- 金属酸化物粒子のうち84体積%超の体積径の、前記体積メジアン粒子径から上回る量が17nm未満である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の分散体。
- 前記金属酸化物粒子の524nmにおける吸光係数が0.4〜1.2L/g/cmの範囲である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の分散体。
- 金属酸化物が二酸化チタンである、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の分散体。
- 前記金属酸化物粒子の308nmにおける吸光係数が40〜52L/g/cmの範囲である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の分散体。
- 前記金属酸化物粒子について、524nmにおける吸光係数が0.5〜1.1L/g/cmの範囲であり、450nmにおける吸光係数が1.0〜2.0L/g/cmの範囲であり、360nmにおける吸光係数が6〜10L/g/cmの範囲であり、308nmにおける吸光係数が44〜48L/g/cmの範囲であり、最大吸光係数が60〜64L/g/cmの範囲であり、λ(max)が274〜282nmの範囲である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の分散体。
- 極性材料とシロキサン流体の比が質量%で30〜70:70〜30の範囲である、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の分散体。
- 前記シロキサン流体がシクロメチコン及びジメチコンからなる群より選択される、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の分散体。
- 前記極性材料がイソステアリン酸イソプロピル及びイソステアリン酸プロピレングリコールからなる群より選択される、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の分散体。
- 少なくとも1つの非ポリシロキサンからなる分散剤を含む、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の分散体。
- 前記分散剤がポリヒドロキシステアリン酸を含む、請求項12に記載の分散体。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の分散体から形成された日焼け止め製品。
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PCT/GB2006/003471 WO2007034162A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-09-20 | Metal oxide dispersion |
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DE102008028665A1 (de) * | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-17 | Beiersdorf Ag | Kosmetische Zubereitung mit Titandioxid in multimodaler Partikelgrößenverteilung |
WO2010080684A2 (en) * | 2009-01-08 | 2010-07-15 | Nanogram Corporation | Composites of polysiloxane polymers and inorganic nanoparticles |
PT2411141E (pt) | 2009-03-23 | 2014-04-10 | Välinge Photocatalytic Ab | Método e dispositivo para renovação de um leito de balastro |
JP5649051B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-31 | 2015-01-07 | 株式会社コーセー | 微粒子金属酸化物分散組成物 |
CN102228412A (zh) * | 2011-05-10 | 2011-11-02 | 蒲科 | 一种纳米二氧化钛的油相分散体防晒浓缩物及其制备方法 |
RU2607558C2 (ru) | 2011-07-05 | 2017-01-10 | Велинге Фотокаталитик Аб | Изделия из древесины с покрытием и способ получения изделий из древесины с покрытием |
EP2827987B1 (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2021-05-26 | Välinge Photocatalytic AB | Photocatalytic compositions comprising titanium dioxide and anti-photogreying additives |
GB201213962D0 (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2012-09-19 | Croda Int Plc | Particulate metal oxide |
US9375750B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2016-06-28 | Valinge Photocatalytic Ab | Method for coating a building panel and a building panel |
EP3049485B1 (en) | 2013-09-25 | 2019-04-10 | Välinge Photocatalytic AB | A method of applying a photo catalytic dispersion and a method of manufacturing a panel |
WO2017069143A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-04-27 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | コーティング液およびガスバリア性積層体 |
JP2018052849A (ja) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-04-05 | 株式会社マンダム | 皮膚用乳化組成物 |
GB201806038D0 (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-05-30 | Croda Int Plc | Titanium dioxide particles |
GB201806041D0 (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-05-30 | Croda Int Plc | Titanium dioxide particles |
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