JP5795003B2 - 天然ガスの産出を促進する超伝導システム - Google Patents
天然ガスの産出を促進する超伝導システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5795003B2 JP5795003B2 JP2012551182A JP2012551182A JP5795003B2 JP 5795003 B2 JP5795003 B2 JP 5795003B2 JP 2012551182 A JP2012551182 A JP 2012551182A JP 2012551182 A JP2012551182 A JP 2012551182A JP 5795003 B2 JP5795003 B2 JP 5795003B2
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- line
- natural gas
- refrigeration unit
- lng
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 442
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 49
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- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical group [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
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- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
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- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0057—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream after expansion of the liquid refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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Description
本願は、2010年1月27日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/298,799号(発明の名称:Superconducting System for Enhanced Liquefied Natural Gas Production)及び2010年12月15日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/423,396号(発明の名称:Superconducting System For Enhanced Natural Gas Production)の優先権及び権益主張出願であり、これら米国特許仮出願を参照により引用し、これらの記載内容を本明細書の一部とする。
電力源を有し、
液化天然ガスを加温し又は天然ガスを液化温度に冷却する主ユニットを有し、
熱交換媒体を前記主処理ユニットに送る第1の冷媒入口ラインを有し、
天然ガスを前記主処理ユニットに送る天然ガス入口ライン有し、
天然ガス出口ラインを有し、
少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントを有し、前記超伝導電気コンポーネントには、非超伝導電気コンポーネントの使用により得られる電気効率と比較して前記超伝導電気コンポーネントの電気効率を少なくとも1パーセント向上させるよう超伝導物質が用いられ、
前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントを臨界温度未満に維持するための冷媒を前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントに送る流入冷媒ラインを有し、
前記冷媒を前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントから放出する流出冷媒ラインを有する、天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項B〕:前記施設は、天然ガス液化施設であり、前記主処理ユニットは、主冷凍ユニットであり、前記熱交換媒体は、第1の冷媒であり、前記天然ガス出口ラインは、実質的に液化された天然ガスを前記主冷凍ユニットから放出するためのものである、実施態様項A記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項C〕:前記電力源は、送電網、少なくとも1つのガスタービン発電機、蒸気タービン発電機、ディーゼル又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、実施態様項A又はB記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項D〕:前記天然ガス入口ラインからの前記天然ガスは、前記主処理ユニット内への導入前に予備冷却される、実施態様項A〜Cのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項E〕:前記主冷凍ユニットは、最終の冷凍ユニットである、実施態様項B記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項F〕:前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントは、1つ又は2つ以上のモータ、1つ又は2つ以上の発電機、1つ又は2つ以上の変圧器、1つ又は2つ以上の開閉装置、1つ又は2つ以上の変速駆動装置、1つ又は2つ以上の送電導体又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、実施態様項A〜Eのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項G〕:天然ガスの液化又はガス化のための施設を支持するオフショアユニットを更に有し、前記オフショアユニットは、浮船、船舶形容器又は海底に基礎を置く機械的構造体を含む、実施態様項A〜Fのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項H〕:前記超伝導電気コンポーネントは、(i)同等の非超伝導コンポーネントの重量の少なくとも約1/3以下である重量を有し、(ii)同等の非超伝導コンポーネントのフットプリントの少なくとも約1/3以下であるフットプリントを有し、或いは(iii)これら両方を有する、実施態様項A〜Gのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項I〕:前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントは、シャフトを回転させるモータを含み、
前記シャフトは、冷媒流又は他の流体流を前記施設内で圧縮し又は圧送する圧縮機又はポンプの機械的コンポーネントを回す、実施態様項A〜Hのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項J〕:前記施設は、冷媒流又は他の流体流を前記施設内で圧縮し又は圧送する複数個の圧縮機及びポンプを有し、
前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントは、シャフトをそれぞれ回す複数個のモータを含み、
前記シャフトはそれぞれ、冷媒流又は他の流体流を前記施設内で圧縮し又は圧送する圧縮機又はポンプの対応の機械的コンポーネントを回す、実施態様項B〜Iのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項K〕:前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントを臨界温度未満に維持する前記冷媒は、液化天然ガス、メタン、エタン、エチレン、プロパン、ブタン、ペンタン、窒素又はこれら物質の混合物を含む、実施態様項A〜J記載の天然ガス処理施設
〔実施態様項L〕:冷媒スリップラインを更に有し、前記冷媒スリップラインは、第2の冷媒を前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントに送るために用いられる前記流入冷媒ラインに第1の冷媒の一部分を送り、前記第1の冷媒と前記第2の冷媒は、同一の冷媒である、実施態様項B〜Kのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項M〕:前記施設は、加温された冷媒を前記主冷凍ユニットから放出する加温冷媒出口ラインと、前記加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記加温冷媒を、循環により前記第1の冷媒の一部分として前記主冷凍ユニットに戻す前に、再圧縮する圧縮機とを更に有し、
前記加温冷媒出口ラインからの前記加温冷媒は、前記第2の冷媒を前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントから放出するために用いられる流出冷媒ライン内の第2の冷媒と合流し、前記加温冷媒と前記第2の冷媒は、一緒になって前記圧縮機に通される、実施態様項B〜Lのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項N〕:補助冷凍ユニットを更に有し、
流入冷媒スリップラインを更に有し、前記流入冷媒スリップラインは、前記第1の冷媒入口ラインから前記第1の冷媒の一部分を取り出して前記第1の冷媒の前記一部分を第3の冷媒として前記補助冷凍ユニットに送り、
前記第2の冷媒を前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントに送るために用いられる流入冷媒ラインに前記第3の冷媒の一部分を送る流出冷媒スリップラインを更に有する、実施態様項B〜Mのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項O〕:前記第3の冷媒と前記第2の冷媒は、同一の冷媒である、実施態様項N記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項P〕:前記補助冷凍ユニットのデューティは、前記主冷凍ユニットから独立して制御される、実施態様項N又はO記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項Q〕:前記主冷凍ユニットは、加温冷媒を前記主冷凍ユニットから放出する主加温冷媒出口ラインを有し、
前記補助冷凍ユニットは、加温冷媒を前記補助冷凍ユニットから放出する補助加温冷媒出口ラインを有し、
前記施設は、前記主加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記加温冷媒を、循環により前記主冷凍ユニットに戻す前に、再圧縮する第1の圧縮機を有する、実施態様項B〜Pのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項R〕:前記補助加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記加温冷媒は、前記加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記主加温冷媒が前記第1の圧縮機内で再圧縮される前に、前記主加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記加温冷媒と合流し、
前記補助加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記加温冷媒と前記主加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記加温冷媒は、第1の冷媒として前記第1の圧縮機から放出される、実施態様項Q記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項S〕:前記第2の冷媒は、前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントから放出されるために用いられる前記流出冷媒ライン内の前記第2の冷媒は、前記補助冷凍ユニットに差し向けられる、実施態様項Q記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項T〕:前記補助加温冷媒出口ライン内の出口加温冷媒は、第2の圧縮機に通され、次に、前記主加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記加温冷媒が前記第1の圧縮機を通過する前に、前記主加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記加温冷媒と合流し、それにより、前記補助冷凍ユニットと前記主冷凍ユニットとの間の独立温度制御が行われる、実施態様項Q記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項U〕:前記施設は、独立した冷媒を前記主冷凍ユニットから前記第2の冷媒として前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントに放出する第2の出口ラインを更に有し、
前記独立冷媒は、前記第1の冷媒とは異なる組成を有する、実施態様項B〜Tのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項V〕:前記第2の冷媒は、前記臨界温度未満における前記超伝導電気コンポーネントの動作を保証するよう前記第1の冷媒入口ライン内の前記第1の冷媒とは独立して制御される前記流入冷媒ライン内の冷却温度を有する、実施態様項U記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項W〕:前記施設は、補助冷凍ユニットを更に有し、
前記補助冷凍ユニットは、前記主冷凍ユニットとは独立して前記第2の冷媒を生じさせ、
前記補助冷凍ユニットは、前記第2の冷媒を前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントから作動流体として放出するために用いられる前記流出冷媒ライン内の前記第2の冷媒の少なくとも一部分を受け入れる、実施態様項B〜Vのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項X〕:前記主冷媒の一部分は、前記補助冷凍ユニットに差し向けられ、
主加温冷媒出口ラインが加温冷媒を前記主冷凍ユニットから放出し、
主加温冷媒出口ラインが加温冷媒を前記補助冷凍ユニットから放出し、
前記主冷凍ユニット及び前記補助冷凍ユニットからの前記主加温冷媒のための前記出口ラインは、組み合わせ加温冷媒出口ラインの状態に合体し、
前記組み合わせ加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記加温冷媒を再圧縮する第1の圧縮機が設けられ、前記組み合わせ加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記加温冷媒は、部分的に冷却され、次に循環して前記第1の冷媒として前記主冷凍ユニット及び前記補助冷凍ユニットに戻され、
前記流出冷媒ライン内の前記第2の冷媒を再圧縮する第2の圧縮機が設けられ、前記第2の冷媒は、部分的に冷却され、次に循環して前記主冷凍ユニット内に戻される、実施態様項W記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項Y〕:前記施設は、
加温冷媒を前記主冷凍ユニットから放出する主加温冷媒出口ラインを更に有し、
前記主加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記加温冷媒を再圧縮する第1の圧縮機を更に有し、前記主加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記加温冷媒は部分的に冷却され、次に循環して前記第2の冷媒として前記主冷凍ユニットに戻され、
前記流出冷媒ライン内の前記第2の冷媒を再圧縮する第2の圧縮機を更に有し、前記第2の冷媒は、部分的に冷却され、次に循環して前記主冷凍ユニット内に戻される、実施態様項U〜Xのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項Z〕:前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントを臨界温度未満に維持する前記第2の冷媒は、前記天然ガス出口ラインからの前記液化天然ガスの一部分を含み、
前記液化天然ガスの前記一部分は、スリップ流として前記天然ガス出口ラインから取り出され、
前記スリップ流は、前記第2の冷媒を前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントに送るための前記流入冷媒ラインと流体連絡状態にある、実施態様項B〜Yのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項AA〕:前記施設は、
加温冷媒を前記主冷凍ユニットから放出する主加温冷媒出口ラインを更に有し、
前記主加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記加温冷媒を再圧縮する第1の圧縮機を更に有し、前記加温冷媒は、部分的に冷却され、次に循環して前記第1の冷媒として前記主冷凍ユニット内に戻され、
前記流出冷媒ライン内の前記第2の冷媒を再圧縮する第2の圧縮機を更に有し、前記第2の冷媒は、(i)循環して再冷却のために前記主冷凍ユニット内に戻され、(ii)前記施設のための燃料ガスとして用いられ、或いは(iii)前記(i)と前記(ii)の両方である、実施態様項Z記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項BB〕:前記天然ガス出口ライン内の前記液化天然ガスは、重い炭化水素を含み、
前記重い炭化水素は、前記第2の冷媒を前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントに送る冷却ラインから除去され、
前記除去された重い炭化水素は、前記天然ガス入口ライン内に再導入される、実施態様項AA記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項CC〕:前記流出冷媒ライン内の前記第2の冷媒は、循環して前記主冷凍ユニット内に戻される、実施態様項AA記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項DD〕:前記施設は、
(i)前記天然ガス出口ラインから前記液化天然ガスを受け入れ、(ii)前記液化天然ガスを一時的に貯蔵し、(iii)前記液化天然ガスの大部分を渡洋船又は永続的なオンショア貯蔵所に送り、(iv)エンドフラッシュラインを通ってエンドフラッシュガスを放出するエンドフラッシュシステムを更に有し、
前記第2の冷媒は、前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントの冷却後、前記エンドフラッシュシステムに差し向けられる、実施態様項A〜CCのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項EE〕:前記エンドフラッシュガスは、循環して前記主冷凍ユニット内に戻される、実施態様項DD記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項FF〕:前記流出冷媒ライン内の前記第2の冷媒は、前記エンドフラッシュガスと合流する、実施態様項Z記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項GG〕:前記天然ガス出口ライン内の液化天然ガスは、前記主冷凍ユニット内で前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントの臨界温度未満に過冷却され、
前記過冷却液化天然ガスの少なくとも一部分は、前記第2の冷媒として用いられ、
前記流出冷媒ライン内の前記第2の冷媒は、(i)前記天然ガス出口ラインから前記液化天然ガスを受け入れ、(ii)前記液化天然ガスを一時的に貯蔵し、(iii)前記液化天然ガスの大部分を渡洋船又は永続的なオンショア貯蔵所に送り、(iv)エンドフラッシュラインを通ってエンドフラッシュガスを放出するエンドフラッシュシステム中に導入される、実施態様項B〜FFのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項HH〕:冷媒源を保持する貯蔵装置と、
前記冷媒源を冷却し、前記冷媒源を前記施設の始動の際に前記超伝導電気コンポーネントに放出する膨張装置とを更に有する、実施態様項A〜GGのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項II〕:前記流出冷媒ライン内の前記第2の冷媒からガスを放出し、(i)前記ガスを前記施設のための燃料として送り、(ii)前記ガスを再液化のために前記主冷凍ユニットに送り戻し、又は(iii)前記ガスを逃がす出口ラインを更に有する、実施態様項A〜HHのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項JJ〕:ボイルオフ天然ガスは、LNG貯蔵タンク、積み込みライン、LNG船の積み込み中に押しのけられる蒸気、又はこれらの組み合わせから回収され、そして前記第2の圧縮機への供給前に前記第2の冷媒出口ラインと合流する、実施態様項AA記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項KK〕:前記天然ガス出口ラインからの前記液化天然ガスは、LNGエンドフラッシュガスを生じさせ、
前記第2の冷媒は、(i)LNGエンドフラッシュガス、(ii)LNG貯蔵タンクの沸騰から生じたガス、(iii)積み込みライン内のボイルオフ天然ガスから生じたガス、(iv)LNG船の積み込み中に押しのけられたガス又は(v)これらの組み合わせとの熱交換の際に冷やされることにより冷却される、実施態様項A〜JJのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
〔実施態様項LL〕:従来型電気コンポーネントの使用により得られる電気効率と比較して前記超伝導電気コンポーネントの電気効率を少なくとも1パーセント向上させることは、(i)単位電力当たりのLNG、(ii)単位燃料需要当たりのLNG又は(iii)単位エミッション当たりのLNGの面における天然ガスの液化効率を向上させることから成る、実施態様項A〜KKのうちいずれか一に記載の天然ガス処理施設。
Claims (10)
- 天然ガス液化施設であって、
電力源と、
天然ガスを液化温度に冷却する主冷凍ユニットと、
第1の冷媒を前記主冷凍ユニットに送る第1の冷媒入口ラインと、
天然ガスを前記主冷凍ユニットに送る天然ガス入口ラインと、
実質的に液化された天然ガスを前記主冷凍ユニットから放出する天然ガス出口ラインと、
少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントであって、該超伝導電気コンポーネントには、非超伝導電気コンポーネントの使用により得られる電気効率と比較して該超伝導電気コンポーネントの電気効率を少なくとも1パーセント向上させるよう超伝導物質が用いられた超伝導電気コンポーネントと、
前記主冷凍ユニットからの液化天然ガスを、前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントを臨界温度未満に維持するための第2の冷媒として、前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントに送る流入冷媒ラインと、
前記第2の冷媒として使用された前記液化天然ガスを、前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントから放出する流出冷媒ラインと、を有する、天然ガス液化施設。 - 前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントは、1つ又は2つ以上のモータ、1つ又は2つ以上の発電機、1つ又は2つ以上の変圧器、1つ又は2つ以上の開閉装置、1つ又は2つ以上の変速駆動装置、1つ又は2つ以上の送電導体又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1記載の天然ガス液化施設。
- 前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントを臨界温度未満に維持する前記第2の冷媒として使用される前記液化天然ガスは、メタン、エタン、エチレン、プロパン、ブタン、ペンタン、窒素又はこれら物質の混合物を含む、請求項1又は2記載の天然ガス液化施設。
- 前記天然ガス液化施設は更に、ラインを有し、該ラインは、天然ガスを液化するための前記第1の冷媒の流れを分岐させて前記第2の冷媒を得ることにより、共通の冷媒で天然ガスを液化して超伝導電気コンポーネントを冷却するための循環ラインを少なくとも備え、該ラインは前記第2の冷媒を前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントに送る、請求項1−3のいずれか1項に記載の天然ガス液化施設。
- 前記天然ガス液化施設は、加温された冷媒を前記主冷凍ユニットから放出する加温冷媒出口ラインと、前記加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記加温冷媒を、循環により前記第1の冷媒の一部分として前記主冷凍ユニットに戻す前に、再圧縮する圧縮機とを更に有し、
前記加温冷媒出口ラインからの前記加温冷媒は、前記第2の冷媒を前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントから放出するために用いられる流出冷媒ライン内の第2の冷媒と合流し、前記加温冷媒と前記第2の冷媒は、一緒になって前記圧縮機に通される、請求項4記載の天然ガス液化施設。 - 前記天然ガス液化施設は更に、
補助冷凍ユニットと、
流入ラインであって、該流入ラインは、前記第1の冷媒入口ラインから前記第1の冷媒の一部分を取り出して前記第1の冷媒の前記一部分を第3の冷媒として前記補助冷凍ユニットに送る、流入ラインと、
前記第2の冷媒を前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントに送るために用いられる前記流入冷媒ラインに前記第3の冷媒の一部分を送る流出ラインを更に有する、請求項1記載の天然ガス液化施設。 - 前記主冷凍ユニットは、加温冷媒を前記主冷凍ユニットから放出する主加温冷媒出口ラインを有し、
前記補助冷凍ユニットは、加温冷媒を前記補助冷凍ユニットから放出する補助加温冷媒出口ラインを有し、
前記天然ガス液化施設は、前記主加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記加温冷媒を、循環により前記主冷凍ユニットに戻す前に、再圧縮する第1の圧縮機を有する、請求項6記載の天然ガス液化施設。 - 前記補助加温冷媒出口ライン内の加温冷媒は、第2の圧縮機に通され、次に、前記主加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記加温冷媒が前記第1の圧縮機を通過する前に、前記主加温冷媒出口ライン内の前記加温冷媒と合流し、それにより、前記補助冷凍ユニットと前記主冷凍ユニットとの間の独立温度制御が行われる、請求項7記載の天然ガス液化施設。
- 前記天然ガス出口ライン内の液化天然ガスは、前記主冷凍ユニット内で前記少なくとも1つの超伝導電気コンポーネントの臨界温度未満に過冷却され、
前記過冷却液化天然ガスの少なくとも一部分は、前記第2の冷媒として用いられ、
前記流出冷媒ライン内の前記第2の冷媒は、(i)前記流出冷媒ラインから前記液化天然ガスを受け入れ、(ii)前記液化天然ガスを一時的に貯蔵し、(iii)前記液化天然ガスの大部分を渡洋船又はオンショア貯蔵所に送り、(iv)エンドフラッシュラインを通ってエンドフラッシュガスを放出する、エンドフラッシュシステム中に導入される、請求項8記載の天然ガス液化施設。 - 前記天然ガス出口ラインからの前記液化天然ガスは、LNGエンドフラッシュガスを生じさせ、
前記第2の冷媒は、(i)LNGエンドフラッシュガス、(ii)LNG貯蔵タンクの沸騰から生じたガス、(iii)積み込みライン内のボイルオフ天然ガスから生じたガス、(iv)LNG船の積み込み中に押しのけられたガス又は(v)これらの組み合わせとの熱交換の際に冷やされることにより冷却される、請求項1記載の天然ガス液化施設。
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US61/423,396 | 2010-12-15 | ||
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EP (1) | EP2529168A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5795003B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101722917B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102725604B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2011209867B2 (ja) |
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JP7429600B2 (ja) | 2020-05-19 | 2024-02-08 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | 天然ガス液化装置及びその起動方法 |
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US20140157824A1 (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-06-12 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour I'etude Et I'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method for improved thermal performing refrigeration cycle |
US20140157822A1 (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-06-12 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Thermal performing refrigeration cycle |
KR102168125B1 (ko) | 2013-11-27 | 2020-10-20 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 초전도 냉각시스템 |
DE102014204810A1 (de) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-09-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Anlage |
US20150381025A1 (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2015-12-31 | Mada Energie Llc | Laes operating phase change materials |
JP6320955B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-09 | 2018-05-09 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 液化システム及び発電システム |
JP6420201B2 (ja) * | 2015-05-07 | 2018-11-07 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 空気分離装置 |
US10510762B2 (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2019-12-17 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Source and drain formation technique for fin-like field effect transistor |
US10627158B2 (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2020-04-21 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Coproduction of liquefied natural gas and electric power with refrigeration recovery |
WO2019008107A1 (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-10 | Global Lng Services As | LARGE SCALE COASTAL LIQUEFACTION |
US10680084B2 (en) | 2017-11-10 | 2020-06-09 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Epitaxial structures for fin-like field effect transistors |
EP3517869A1 (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-07-31 | Gas Technology Development Pte Ltd | Process and system for reliquefying boil-off gas (bog) |
KR20240033114A (ko) | 2018-06-01 | 2024-03-12 | 스틸헤드 엘엔지 (에이에스엘엔지) 엘티디. | 액화 장치, 방법, 및 시스템 |
AU2019325914B2 (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2023-01-19 | ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company | Primary loop start-up method for a high pressure expander process |
CN110847989A (zh) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-02-28 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 一种冷能利用系统 |
WO2023012513A2 (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2023-02-09 | Mihail Dan Staicovici | Gas liquefaction procedure and applying plant |
NL2029478B1 (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2023-05-16 | Univ Of Kwazulu Natal | Cryogenic energy storage systems and methods of operating the same |
WO2023214218A1 (en) * | 2022-05-04 | 2023-11-09 | Storeco2 Uk Limited | Carbon dioxide transport and sequestration marine vessel |
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JP7429600B2 (ja) | 2020-05-19 | 2024-02-08 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | 天然ガス液化装置及びその起動方法 |
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US20120289407A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
WO2011094043A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
US9593881B2 (en) | 2017-03-14 |
CA2787251C (en) | 2018-05-01 |
EP2529168A1 (en) | 2012-12-05 |
EP2529168A4 (en) | 2018-01-24 |
TWI506917B (zh) | 2015-11-01 |
CN102725604A (zh) | 2012-10-10 |
CA2787251A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
CN102725604B (zh) | 2016-02-10 |
KR101722917B1 (ko) | 2017-04-04 |
AU2011209867A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
JP2013519060A (ja) | 2013-05-23 |
TW201212467A (en) | 2012-03-16 |
AU2011209867B2 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
BR112012017996A2 (pt) | 2016-05-03 |
KR20120128641A (ko) | 2012-11-27 |
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