JP5781530B2 - 羊膜内感染の検出 - Google Patents
羊膜内感染の検出 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(a)正常頸管膣分泌液又は羊膜内感染を示すことが分かっている頸管膣分泌液中の、増殖調節癌遺伝子α(GRO−a)、マクロファージ炎症性タンパク質1β(MIP1b)、α−1−酸性糖タンパク質(A1AG)、α−胎児性タンパク質(AFP)、インターロイキン−6(IL−6)、リポ多糖結合タンパク質(LBP)、血管細胞接着分子−1(VCAM−1)、単球走化性ペプチド−1(MCP−1)、β−2−ミクログロブリン(B2MG)及び組織メタロプロテイナーゼ阻害物質−1(TIMP−1)からなる群から選択される2以上のタンパク質のレベルに対して、対象から得られた頸管膣分泌液の試料中で該2以上のタンパク質のレベルを測定することと、
(b)該レベルが、該正常頸管膣分泌液中のレベルに対して統計学的有意差を示すと判断されるか又は羊膜内感染を示すことが分かっている該頸管膣分泌液中のレベルに対して統計学的有意差を示さないと判断される場合、該対象を羊膜内感染と診断することと、を含む、羊膜内感染を示す徴候及び症状を調べるための方法を提供する。ある種の実施態様において、徴候及び症状としては、母体発熱(≧37.8℃)、母体白血球増加(≧15,000/mm3)、母体及び/又は胎児の頻脈、子宮圧痛及び/又は羊水の悪臭が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
(a)正常頸管膣分泌液中の、増殖調節癌遺伝子α(GRO−a)、マクロファージ炎症性タンパク質1β(MIP1b)、α−1−酸性糖タンパク質(A1AG)、α−胎児性タンパク質(AFP)、インターロイキン−6(IL−6)、リポ多糖結合タンパク質(LBP)、血管細胞接着分子−1(VCAM−1)、単球走化性ペプチド−1(MCP−1)、β−2−ミクログロブリン(B2MG)及び組織メタロプロテイナーゼ阻害物質−1(TIMP−1)からなる群から選択される2以上のタンパク質の対応するレベルに対して又は羊膜内感染を示すことが分かっている頸管膣分泌液中の該2以上のタンパク質の対応するレベルに対して、対象から得られた頸管膣分泌液の試料中で該2以上のタンパク質のレベルを測定することと、
(b)該試料中の該2以上のタンパク質の該レベルのそれぞれが、該正常頸管膣分泌液中の該2以上のタンパク質のそれぞれの対応するレベルに対して統計学的有意差を示すと判断されるか又は羊膜内感染を示すことが分かっている該頸管膣分泌液中の該2以上のタンパク質のそれぞれの対応するレベルに対して統計学的有意差を示さないと判断される場合、該対象を羊膜内感染と診断することと、を含む、羊膜内感染を示す徴候及び症状を調べるための方法を提供する。ある種の実施態様において、徴候及び症状としては、母体発熱(≧37.8℃)、母体白血球増加(≧15,000/mm3)、母体及び/又は胎児の頻脈、子宮圧痛及び/又は羊水の悪臭が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
(a)妊娠雌哺乳動物対象から得られる頸管膣分泌液の試料において、α−胎児性タンパク質(AFP)、インターロイキン−6(IL−6)及びIGF結合タンパク質−1(IGFBP−1)のレベルを試験することと;
(b)該試料中のAFP、IL−6及びIGFBP−1の該レベルのそれぞれが、正常頸管膣分泌液中のAFP、IL−6及びIGFBP−1の対応するレベルに対して統計学的有意差を示すと判断されるか又は羊膜内感染を示すことが分かっている頸管膣分泌液中のAFP、IL−6及びIGFBP−1のそれぞれの対応するレベルに対して統計学的有意差を示さないと判断される場合、該対象を羊膜内感染と診断することと、を含む、妊娠雌哺乳動物対象における羊膜内感染の診断のための方法に関する。
(a)前記対象から得られる頸管膣分泌液の試料中で、α−胎児性タンパク質(AFP)、インターロイキン−6(IL−6)及びIGF結合タンパク質−1(IGFBP−1)のレベルを試験することと;
(b)該レベルが、正常頸管膣分泌液中のレベルに対して統計学的有意差を示すと判断されるか又は羊膜内感染を示すことが分かっている頸管膣分泌液中のレベルに対して統計学的有意差を示さないと判断される場合、該対象を羊膜内感染と診断することと、を含む試験の結果及び/又は試験に基づく診断を含むレポートに関する。
(a)前記対象から得られる頸管膣分泌液の試料中で、α−胎児性タンパク質(AFP)、インターロイキン−6(IL−6)及びIGF結合タンパク質−1(IGFBP−1)のレベルを試験することと;
(b)AFP、IL−6及びIGFBP−1の該レベルのそれぞれが、正常頸管膣分泌液中のAFP、IL−6及びIGFBP−1の対応するレベルに対して統計学的有意差を示すと判断されるか又は羊膜内感染を示すことが分かっている頸管膣分泌液中のAFP、IL−6及びIGFBP−1の対応するレベルに対して統計学的有意差を示さないと判断される場合、該対象を羊膜内感染と診断することと、
を含む、試験の結果及び/又は試験に基づく診断を含むレポートに関する。
(a)前記対象から得られる頸管膣分泌液の試料中で、α−胎児性タンパク質、インターロイキン−6(IL−6)及びIGF結合タンパク質−1(IGFBP−1)のレベルを試験することと;
(b)該レベルが正常頸管膣分泌液中のレベルに対して統計学的有意差を示すと判断されるか又は羊膜内感染を示すことが分かっている頸管膣分泌液中のレベルに対して統計学的有意差を示さないと判断される場合、該対象を羊膜内感染と診断することと、
を含む、試験の結果及び/又は試験に基づく診断を格納する有形の物理媒体に関する。
本発明は、特定の実施態様に限定されず、当然ではあるが変化し得ることを理解されたい。また、本明細書中で使用される用語は、ただ特定の実施態様を説明することを目的とするものであり、限定するものではないことも理解されたい。本願および添付の特許請求の範囲で使用される場合、「a」、「an」及び「the」という単数及び単数形の語は、例えば、場合によっては、別段の断りがない限り、複数の指示対象を含む。従って、例えば、「プローブ」への言及は、場合によっては複数のプローブ分子を含み;同様に、内容によっては、「核酸」という用語の使用は、場合によっては、実際問題として、多くの複製のその核酸分子を含む。遺伝子又はタンパク質に対する文字表記は、内容に応じて、遺伝子形態及び/又はタンパク質形態を指し得る。当業者は、本明細書中の配列、既知の配列及び遺伝コードに言及することによって、関連生体分子の核酸及びアミノ酸形態を完全に説明し得る。
本発明は、母親又は胎児の体液のプロテオミックプロファイルに基づく、母体及び胎児の状態の早期の信頼性が高く非侵襲性の検査に対する方法及び手段に関する。特に、本発明は、IAI患者及び対照対象の試料中で差別的に存在するタンパク質マーカーの発見及びIAIの有無を判定するための方法及びキットにおけるこの発見の適用に基づく。これらのタンパク質マーカーは、IAI患者からの試料中で、IAIではない患者由来の試料中のレベルとは異なるレベルで見出される。従って、対照と比較した、試験試料中で見出される2以上のマーカーの量又は試験試料中の2以上のマーカーの有無から、患者のIAIの状況に関する有用な情報が提供される。
本発明に従い、当技術分野で公知の様々な方法を使用して、体液のプロテオミクス分析を行うことができる。体液としては、例えば、頸管膣分泌液(CVF)、臍帯血、新生児血清、脳脊髄液(CSF)、羊水、血清、血漿、尿、脳脊髄液、母乳、粘液、唾液及び汗が挙げられる。
羊膜内感染(IAI)は、妊娠中の羊水及び子宮内の内容物の急性細菌感染である。前向き研究から、全出産の4%から10%でIAIが発症することが示されている(Newton,E.R.,Prihoda,T.J.及びGibbs,R.S.:Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for intra−amniotic infection.Obstet.Gynecol.73:571,1989;Soper,D.E.,Mayhall,C.G.及びDalton,H.P.:Risk factors for intraamniotic infection:a prospective epidemicologic study.American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 161:562,1989;及びLopez−Zeno,J.A.,Peaceman,A.M.,Adashek,J.A.及びSocol,M.L.:A controlled trial of a program for the active management of labor.N.Engl.J.Med.326:450,1992)。IAIを説明するために使用される他の用語としては、羊水感染、羊膜炎及び臨床的絨毛羊膜炎が挙げられる。羊膜内感染は、母体発熱、子宮圧痛、白血球増加及び胎児の頻脈によって臨床的に診断され、組織学的絨毛羊膜炎とは区別されるべきである。羊膜内感染は母体及び新生児死亡例の重要な原因である。羊膜内感染は周産期における発熱発症例の10−40%を占め、早期新生児敗血症及び肺炎例の20−40%に関与する(Newton,E.R.:Chorioamnionitis and intraamniotic infection.Clin.Obstet.Gynecol.36:795、1993)。母体の菌血症はIAI患者の2−6%で発症し、分娩後の感染死亡率が上昇する。IAI患者では機能障害分娩及び帝王切開出産のリスクも上昇する。Duffらは、分娩中に羊膜内感染を発症した患者のうち、75%で機能障害分娩が起こり、34%が帝王切開出産となったことを報告した(Duff,P.,Sanders,R.及びGibbs,R.S.:The course of labor in term pregnancies with chorioamnionitis.American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 147:391、1983)。羊膜内感染はまた、特に早期新生児において、新生児有病率及び死亡率の上昇にも関与する。一般に、IAIである母親から出生した低出生体重児では、周産期死亡率が3倍から4倍上昇する(Gibbs,R.S.,Castillo,M.A.及びRodgers,P.J.:Management of Acute Chorioamnionitis.American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 136:709,1980;Gilstrap,L.C.,III,Leveno,K.J.,Cox,S.M.,Burris,J.S.,Mashburn,M.及びRosenfeld,C.R.:Intrapartum treatment of acute chorioamnionitis: impact on neonatal sepsis.Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol.159:579,1988)。呼吸窮迫症候群、脳室内出血及び新生児敗血症も増加する(Morales,W.J.:The effect of chorioamnionitis on the developmental outcome of preterm infants at one year.Obstetrics and Gynecology 70:183、1987)。最近、IAIは新生児の脳室周囲白質軟化症及び脳性麻痺とも関連付けられており;大脳白質損傷及び脳性麻痺のリスクは、羊膜内感染の場合では9倍高い(Bejar,R.,Wozniak,P.,Allard,M.,Benirschke,K.,Vaucher,Y.,Coen,R.,Berry,C.、Schragg,P.,Villegas,I.及びResnik,R.:Antenatal origin of neurologic damage in newborn infants.I.Preterm infants.Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol.159:357,1988;Grether,J.K.及びNelson,K.B.:Maternal infection and cerebral palsy in infants of normal birth weight.JAMA 278:207,1997)。最後に、亜臨床的IAIは、胎膜が完全である早期陣痛において少なくとも10%の女性で認められており、このことから、IAIが、未熟児の重要かつおそらくは予防可能な原因であることが示唆される(Romero,R.,Avila,C.,Brekus,C.A.及びMorotti,R.:The role of systemic and intrauterine infection in preterm parturition.Annuals of the New York Academy of Sciences 622:355,1991)。Newtonによる文献レビューにおいて、臨床的IAIの発症率は、妊娠27週未満で41%、妊娠27−37週で15%及び妊娠38週以上では2%であることが明らかになった(Newtonら、上出)。胎膜が完全であり羊膜内感染の臨床兆候がなく早期陣痛が起こった全女性の10−20%の羊水から(Romeroら、上出)、及び23−24週で妊娠終了となった早期陣痛女性の最大67%で、下部生殖管に対する常在細菌も回収された(Watts、D.H.,Krohn,M.A.、Hillier,S.L.及びEschenbach,D.A.:The association of occult amniotic fluid infection with gestational age and neonatal outcome among women in preterm labor.Obstet Gynecol 79:351,1992)。これらの患者のうち殆どが迅速にに出産に至り、多くにおいて臨床的に明白なIAIが発現する。これらの知見から、最初に亜臨床的子宮内感染の上行が早期陣痛に先行し、超早産の重要な原因となり得るという仮説が支持される。
A)本発明は、例えば、頸管膣分泌液(CVF)、羊水、血清、血漿、尿、脳脊髄液、母乳、粘液又は唾液などの体液のプロテオミック分析による、羊膜内感染の診断のための、早期の信頼性が高い非侵襲性の方法を提供する。ある実施態様において、本発明は、免疫アッセイ又は免疫アッセイパネルによる羊膜内感染の診断のための早期の信頼性が高い非侵襲性の方法を提供する。ある実施態様において、本発明は、CVFのプロテオミック分析による羊膜内感染の診断のための早期の信頼性が高い非侵襲性の方法を提供する。
表1:IAIに対するバイオマーカー
上記で考察される診断及びスクリーニングアッセイは両者ともタンパク質アレイを用いて行うことができる。近年、タンパク質アレイは、タンパク質を検出し、それらの発現レベルを監視し、タンパク質相互作用及び機能を調べるための強力な手段として幅広く認識されている。自動化手段を用いて、多くの判定を同時に行うことができる場合、これらによりハイスループットタンパク質分析が可能となる。DNAアレイに対して元来開発されたマイクロアレイ又はチップ方式において、大量のデータを生成させながら最小限の材料を用いてこのような判定を行うことができる。
本発明の診断アッセイは、当技術分野で周知の様々な免疫アッセイ方式の形態で行うこともできる。本発明のある実施態様には、個体から体液、例えば頸管膣分泌液を得て;本明細書中に記載の免疫アッセイシステムを用いて体液中の本明細書中に記載の1以上のタンパク質の量を測定し;この体液中の本明細書中に記載の1以上のタンパク質の量を、羊膜内感染状態がない健康な個体における本明細書中に記載の1以上のタンパク質の参照レベルと比較する段階を含み、本明細書中に記載の1以上のタンパク質量の、参照レベルを上回る上昇から、個体が羊膜内感染に罹患していることが示される、個体における羊膜内感染を診断するための方法が含まれる。
本発明の診断方法は、乳児及び/又は母親の生存に非常に重要であることが多い迅速な治療決断を行うための、開業医にとって有益なツールである。従って、例えば妊婦が早期陣痛の症状を示す場合、羊膜内感染があるか否かを判定するために診断テストを実施することが重要である。本明細書中の迅速かつ非侵襲性の診断テストにより、羊膜内感染の存在が確認される場合、医師は、早産児生存の可能性を向上させ、母体の健康に対するリスクを抑えるために緊急措置をとる必要がある。現在のところ利用可能な羊膜内感染に対する非侵襲性試験はない。
早期陣痛が現れている患者から、個々の患者検体を回収した。対応する羊水検体を使用して、羊水培養(好気性、嫌気性及びマイコプラズマ種)及び羊水16SリボソームDNAの有無に基づき、羊膜内感染(IAI)を呈する者又は非IAIである者として患者を分類した。
多重免疫アッセイ技術(Luminex xMAP)を用いてCVF検体中のMIP−1β、AFP、B2MG、MCP−1、TIMP−1及びVCAM−1の濃度を測定するために、外部検査実験室(Rules Based Medicine)と契約を結んだ。次に、下記のとおり、統計学的方法を用いて、この検査実験室により提供されたデータを解析した。図2は、IAI感染(n=14)対非感染患者(n=95)における、MIP 1bの自然対数値を示す箱ひげ図を示す。図3は、IAI感染(n=14)対非感染患者(n=95)における、MCP−1の自然対数値を示す箱ひげ図を示す。図4は、IAI感染(n=14)対非感染患者(n=95)における、B2MGの自然対数値を示す箱ひげ図を示す。図5は、IAI感染(n=14)対非感染患者(n=95)における、TIMP−1の自然対数値を示す箱ひげ図を示す。IAI感染(n=14)対非感染患者(n=95)における、AFPの自然対数値を示す箱ひげ図は図9で示す。IAI感染(n=14)対非感染患者(n=95)における、VCAM−1の自然対数値を示す箱ひげ図を図10で示す。
Claims (17)
- 生物学的試料中のα−胎児性タンパク質(AFP)、インターロイキン−6(IL−6)、及びIGF結合タンパク質−1(IGFBP−1)を検出するための免疫アッセイキットにおいて、(a)AFP、IL−6及びIGFBP−1の検出のための抗体と試薬を含む容器と(b)妊娠雌哺乳動物対象における羊膜内感染の診断のために上記抗体と試薬を使用するための説明書を含んでなるキット。
- ラテラルフロー装置を更に含む、請求項1に記載のキット。
- ラテラルフロー装置が免疫クロマトグラフィーストリップ(ICS)試験である、請求項2に記載のキット。
- 抗体と試薬が捕捉抗体と検出抗体を含む請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載のキット。
- 捕捉抗体と検出抗体がモノクローナル抗体である請求項4に記載のキット。
- 捕捉抗体と検出抗体がポリクローナル抗体である請求項4に記載のキット。
- 捕捉抗体と検出抗体がモノクローナル抗体又はポリクローナル抗体の何れかである請求項4に記載のキット。
- 抗体が、AFP、IL−6及びIGFBP−1に対して結合特異性を有するモノクローナル抗体を含み、キットが抗抗体免疫グロブリンを更に含む請求項1から5及び7の何れか一項に記載のキット。
- モノクローナル抗体と抗抗体免疫グロブリンが別個の容器に収容される請求項8に記載のキット。
- モノクローナル抗体と抗抗体免疫グロブリンが約0.001mgから約100gの量で提供される請求項8又は9に記載のキット。
- モノクローナル抗体と抗抗体免疫グロブリンが約0.01mgから約1gの量で提供される請求項10に記載のキット。
- 抗抗体免疫グロブリンがポリクローナル免疫グロブリン、プロテインA又はプロテインG又はそれらの機能的断片からなる群から選択される請求項8から11の何れか一項に記載のキット。
- 抗抗体免疫グロブリンが標識される請求項8から12の何れか一項に記載のキット。
- 試験におけるバックグラウンド干渉を低下させるための薬剤又はシグナルを増強させるための薬剤を更に含む請求項1から13の何れか一項に記載のキット。
- 関心のある臨床転帰の予測値を生成するためのマーカー値を組み合わせて内挿するためのソフトウェア及びアルゴリズムを更に含む請求項1から14の何れか一項に記載のキット。
- 試験を行うための装置を更に含む請求項1から15の何れか一項に記載のキット。
- 全ての抗体と試薬が、試験を行うための印刷された説明シートとともに単一容器で提供される請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載のキット。
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