JP5776101B2 - ヒト神経前駆細胞のドーパミン性ニューロンへの分化方法及び分化用培地 - Google Patents
ヒト神経前駆細胞のドーパミン性ニューロンへの分化方法及び分化用培地 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(1)ヒト神経前駆細胞(hNPCs)の分離
母体の子宮筋無力症(uterine atonies)によって流産したおよそ14週齢の胎児から、ヒト神経前駆細胞を分離した。前記胎児サンプルは、事前に胎児の親からインフォームド・コンセント(informed consent)を得た上で取得した。サンプルの収集及び研究目的のためのその使用は、チャ(CHA)病院の倫理委員会から承認を受けた。
ドーパミン性ニューロンへの分化は別段の記載がない限り、以下の方法で行った。hNPCsを、15μg/mlのポリ−L−オルニチン及び4μg/mlのフィブロネクチンでコーティングした培養皿に、30,000cells/cm2の密度で播種し、2日または3日経過したところで、細胞を2%のB−27 minus−AO supplement(GIBCO社)、10μMのフォルスコリン、1mMのdb−cAMP及び1mMのフザリン酸などの分化誘導剤を含むNB培地中で、37℃で7日間培養した。
全細胞RNAは、トリゾール及びクロロホルムを使用してhNPCsから抽出した。500ngの全RNAから、RNA Superscript II RTase、Oligo−d(T)プライマー、DTT及びdNTPsを使用し、製造元のプロトコールに従ってcDNAを合成した。PCRは、1μlのcDNA及び1μlの10pMプライマーを含む最終容積20μl中、SYBR−Green mixtureを使用して遂行した。内部コントロールとしてRPL22を使用して、TH、DAT、GFAP、Nurr1、Tuj1及びLmx1aの発現を分析した。定量的リアルタイムPCRは、LightCycler Systemを使用して遂行した。蛍光染色剤であるSYBR Greenの二本鎖DNAとの結合量を測定することによって、増幅をモニタリングして分析した。標的DNAは、95℃で10秒、60℃で10秒、72℃で20秒の条件で、全40サイクルを遂行して増幅した。最終伸長(extension)は、72℃で10分間行った。結果は、比較Ct法により、遺伝子RPL22に対して相対的に示した。前記PCRに使用したプライマーは、次の表1の通りである。
hNPCsをPBSで3回洗浄し、4%パラホルムアルデヒドを含むPBSで10分間処理して固定した。細胞をPBSで3回洗浄した後、3%正常ヤギ血清、0.2%トリトンX−100及び1%BSAを含むPBSと室温で1時間反応させてブロッキングした。細胞を一次抗体、すなわち、抗TH(rabbit anti−TH、Pelfreez)、抗Tuj1(mouse anti−Tuj1 Millipore、CA、USA)、抗ネスチン(rabbit anti−nestin、COVANCE、CA、USA)、抗GFAP (mouse anti-GFAP Millipore, CA, USA)、抗Ki67 (mouse anti-Ki67, Leica)、抗O4 (mouse anti-O4, Millipore)、抗Sox2 (rabbit anti-Sox2, Abcam)、抗VMAT2 (rabbit anti-VMAT2, Abcam)、抗Pitx3 (rabbit anti-Pitx3, Millipore)、抗DAT (rabbit anti-DAT, Santa Cruz)、抗Nurr1 (rabbit anti-Nurr1, Santa Cruz)、抗NeuN (mouse anti-NeuN, Millipore)、抗GIRK2 (rabbit anti-GIRK2, Alomone lab)、抗Cal28K (mouse anti-Cal28K, Sigma)、抗グルタミン酸 (rabbit anti-Glutamate, Sigma)、抗GABA (rabbit anti-GABA, Sigma)、抗ChAT (mouse anti-ChAT, Millipore)、及び抗5−HT(rabbit anti−5−HT、ImmunoStar)と共に、4℃で一晩中インキュベーションした後、PBSで3回洗浄した。次いで、細胞を二次抗体、すなわち、抗マウス(Alexa FluorTM 488)、抗マウス(Alexa FluorTM 594)、抗ウサギ(Alexa FluorTM 488)及び抗ウサギ(Alexa FluorTM 594)と共に、室温で60分間インキュベーションした後、DAPI(4’,6−diamidino−2−phenylindole)で染色(counterstaining)した。
タンパク質は、プロテアーゼインヒビター(PI)(Roche Molecular Biochemicals)を含むRIPA緩衝液[10mM HEPES−KOH(pH7.9)、10mM KCl、1.5mM MgCl2、0.1%NP−40]で抽出した。BCA法(Pierce)により、タンパク質濃度を測定した。タンパク質を、SDS−10%ポリアクリルアミドゲル上で分離した後、PVDF膜に転写した。前記膜を、5%スキムミルク(skim milk)を含むTBS−T緩衝液を用いて室温で2時間ブロッキングした後、一次抗体、すなわち、抗TH(rabbit anti−TH、Pelfreez、1:1000)、抗Tuj1(rabbit anti−Tuj1 COVANCE、1:5000)、抗ネスチン(rabbit anti−Nestin、Abcam、1:1000)、抗Sox2 (rabbit anti-Sox2, Abcam, 1:1000)、抗Bcl2 (mouse anti-Bcl2, Santa Cruz, 1:200)、抗PCNA (mouse anti-PCNA, Santa Cruz, 1:1000)、抗VMAT2 (rabbit anti-VMAT2, Abcam, 1:1000)、抗Pitx3 (rabbit anti-Pitx3, Millipore, 1:2000)、抗DAT (rabbit anti-DAT, Santa Cruz, 1:200)、抗Nurr1 (rabbit anti-Nurr1, Santa Cruz, 1:250)、及び抗アクチン(rabbit anti−Actin、Santa Cruz、1:5000)と共に、4℃で一晩中インキュベーションした。前記膜は、HRP(horse radish peroxidase)が結合(conjugation)した抗マウス及び抗ウサギの二次抗体と共に、1時間室温でインキュベーションした後、化学発光ウェスタンブロット検出試薬(chemiluminescence western blot detection reagents)と反応させた。
(1)分化条件(培地条件)の評価
Neurobasal培地[differentiation medium(DM) control]にインターロイキン1β、db−cAMP及びフザリン酸(Fus)を多様な濃度及び組み合わせで加えて得られた培地中で、hNPCsをドーパミン性ニューロンに分化させた。ドーパミン性ニューロンのマーカーであるTH、及び神経マーカーであるTuj1を、DAPI染色を介して測定した(図1)。図1の結果から、db−cAMP及びフザリン酸を含む培地を使用した場合、TH及びTuj1の発現レベルが最も高い、すなわち、分化効率が最も高いことが分かる。また、db−cAMP及びフザリン酸をそれぞれ100μMの濃度で使用した場合、最も高い分化効率が得られることが分かる。
DMEM/F12(1:1)Glutamax培地中でhNPCsを増殖させた後、2%のB27、10μMのフォルスコリン、100μMのフザリン酸及び100μMのdb−cAMPを含むNeurobasal(NB)培地(Invitrogen社)中、低酸素条件(3%の酸素分圧)下または正常酸素条件(21%の酸素分圧)下で分化させた。分化誘導後、THの発現レベルを測定した(図5)。図5の結果から、細胞は、低酸素条件において、正常酸素条件より効率的にドーパミン性ニューロンに分化することが分かる。
1−メチル−4−フェニルピリジウム(MPP:1−methyl−4−phenylpyridium)は、ドーパミン性ニューロンに対して細胞毒性を示すことが知られている。従って、MPP存在下における分化誘導により、分化過程でのフザリン酸の機能を評価した(図6)。
DMEM/F12(1:1)Glutamax培地中でhNPCsを増殖させた後、2日に1回培地を替えつつ、3%の酸素分圧の条件下で連続的に継代培養した。初期継代(第7継代)、中間継代(第11継代)、後期継代(第17継代)で得られたhNPCsを、2%のB27、10μMのフォルスコリン、100μMのフザリン酸及び100μMのdb−cAMPを含むNB培地(Invitrogen社)中、3%の酸素分圧の条件下で7日間培養して分化させた。
hNPCsを、2%のB27、10μMのフォルスコリン、100μMのフザリン酸及び100μMのdb−cAMPを含むNB培地(Invitrogen社)中、3%の酸素分圧の条件で14日間培養して分化させた。
Claims (9)
- フザリン酸を含む培地中でヒト神経前駆細胞を培養することを含むヒト神経前駆細胞のドーパミン性ニューロンへの分化方法。
- 前記培地が、ジブチリル環状アデノシンモノホスフェート(db−cAMP)、フォルスコリン、B27、ソニックヘッジホッグ(SHH)及び線維芽細胞増殖因子−8(FGF8)を含むドーパミン性ニューロン分化用培地に、フザリン酸を加えて調製されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の分化方法。
- 前記培地が、フザリン酸、db−cAMP、フォルスコリン及びB27を含むNB培地であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の分化方法。
- 前記培地が、50μMないし4mMのフザリン酸、50μMないし4mMのdb−cAMP、5ないし20μMのフォルスコリン及び0.5ないし5重量%のB27を含むNB培地であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の分化方法。
- 前記培地が、100μMのフザリン酸、100μMのdb−cAMP、10μMのフォルスコリン及び2重量%のB27を含むNB培地であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の分化方法。
- 前記培養が2ないし10%の酸素分圧を有する低酸素条件で行われることを特徴とする請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の分化方法。
- フザリン酸、db−cAMP、フォルスコリン及びB27を含むNB培地である、ヒト神経前駆細胞のドーパミン性ニューロンへの分化用培地。
- 50μMないし4mMのフザリン酸、50μMないし4mMのdb−cAMP、5ないし20μMのフォルスコリン及び0.5ないし5重量%のB27を含むNB培地であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の分化用培地。
- 100μMのフザリン酸、100μMのdb−cAMP、10μMのフォルスコリン及び2重量%のB27を含むNB培地であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の分化用培地。
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