JP5774897B2 - Granulator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a granulating apparatus that regenerates a material containing an additive, such as a foamable resin containing a foaming agent, and molds it into a pellet.

  In recent years, recycling of discarded household electrical appliances is being promoted in order to effectively use resources. In particular, regarding a refrigerator, it is desired to recycle a heat insulating material that has a relatively large amount of discharge as waste.

  The refrigerator heat insulating material is made of urethane foam resin or styrene foam resin, and specific chlorofluorocarbon was used for the foaming agent. However, in order to protect the ozone layer, alternative chlorofluorocarbon was used as a foaming agent in the second half of the 1990s. It came to be used. After that, the greenhouse effect of alternative chlorofluorocarbons became a problem, and recently, heat insulating materials using non-fluorocarbon foaming agents that do not use chlorofluorocarbons are becoming widespread.

  In recycling the heat insulating material, the heat insulating material is crushed with a crusher to form a crushed piece having a size of several millimeters, and the crushed piece is molded with a granulator to produce a pellet. These pellets are used for material recycling, which is reused as a material for plastic products, chemical recycling, which is reused as a raw material for the chemical industry, and thermal recycling, which obtains heat by combustion.

  As a granulating apparatus for molding a piece of heat insulating material, a pellet mill used in waste disposal as in Patent Document 1 is used. As shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 5, the pellet mill includes a cylindrical ring die 25 and two extrusion rolls 38 and 38 arranged so as to contact the inner peripheral surface of the ring die 25. The ring die 25 is rotationally driven as indicated by an arrow R1 in a state where the rotation shafts of the extrusion rolls 38 and 38 are fixed, and accordingly, the extrusion rolls 38 and 38 are driven and rotated as indicated by an arrow R2. . As a result, the crushed pieces of the heat insulating material supplied to the inside of the ring die 25 are pushed into the die hole of the ring die 25 by the extruding roll 38 and extruded to the outer peripheral surface side of the ring die 25 to form a columnar shape. The formed crushed pieces are cut into a predetermined length by fixed blades 40, 40 arranged close to the outer peripheral surface of the ring die 25 to form pellets 41, 41, and the pellets 41 are discharged from a casing (not shown). It is configured to discharge to the outside.

  By the way, as a non-fluorocarbon blowing agent, cyclopentane, which has a much smaller greenhouse effect than alternative fluorocarbons such as HFC134a, is becoming widespread. However, since cyclopentane has high flammability, it is necessary to prevent ignition when crushing and granulating the heat insulating material. Therefore, in the recycling of the heat insulating material, when the foaming agent is chlorofluorocarbon, it is necessary to collect it while preventing air leakage, and when the foaming agent is cyclopentane, it is necessary to collect it while preventing ignition. . As described above, Patent Document 2 discloses a system that recycles foamed resin while recovering a foaming agent such as Freon or cyclopentane.

  In Patent Document 2, a vertical crusher in which a driving shaft for driving the crushing blades is arranged in a vertical direction, and an airtight space is formed at the upper portion of the transport unit at the discharge port of the vertical crusher. The vibration feeder, the introduction path for introducing the fragments and generated gas discharged from the discharge port into the vibration feeder in an airtight state, and the gas sucked from the airtight space of the vibration feeder in the crushing chamber of the vertical crusher A gas recovery system including a circulating gas path returning to the upper part and a gas recovery device for recovering gas from the middle of the circulating gas path is described. This gas recovery system uses a vertical crusher, an introduction path, a vibration feeder, a circulation gas path, a vertical gas path, and other gases such as chlorofluorocarbons and cyclopentane generated when crushing waste materials such as heat insulation materials by a vertical crusher. It is configured to circulate in the order of the crusher, condense the gas during the circulation, and collect the gas with a gas recovery device.

Japanese Patent No. 4536744 JP 2002-191999 A

  In the granulating apparatus described in the cited document 1, when the heat insulating material containing the cyclopentane foaming agent is a material, the ring die 25 is rotationally driven in a state where the extrusion rolls 38 are in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the ring die 25. Therefore, cyclopentane may be ignited by a spark generated between the drive component and the contact component. Moreover, when the heat insulating material containing the foaming agent of Freon is a material, there exists a possibility that Freon may leak outside with the pellet 41 from the discharge port of a casing.

  On the other hand, Cited Document 2 does not disclose a structure for preventing the ignition of cyclopentane or the leakage of chlorofluorocarbon by a vertical crusher.

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is to prevent flammability of highly flammable additives when processing materials containing additives such as foamable resins, and to prevent harmful or harmful environmental additives. It is an object of the present invention to provide a granulating apparatus capable of preventing leakage of toxic additives and odorous additives.

In order to solve the above problems, the granulating apparatus of the present invention is
A granulation apparatus for producing a molded product by molding a material containing an additive, and a die having one or a plurality of molding holes and extrusion for extruding the material from the molding holes by pressing the material toward the die Means, a casing for accommodating the die and the extrusion means, a supply passage for supplying the material to the extrusion means side of the die, and a discharge portion for discharging the molded product formed by extruding the material from the molding hole of the die from the casing In a granulating apparatus comprising:
A material supply side suction means for sucking a gas to which a material is supplied with respect to the die and forming a gas flow in a direction opposite to a direction in which the material is supplied;
It comprises a molded product discharge side suction means for sucking a gas on the side where the molded product is discharged with respect to the die and forming a gas flow in a direction opposite to the direction in which the molded product is discharged.

  According to the above configuration, the material supplied to the extrusion means side of the die through the supply passage is pressed toward the molding hole of the die by the extrusion means, and the material is extruded from the molding hole of the die to form a molded product. . Here, the material supply side suction means sucks the gas on the side to which the material is supplied with respect to the die, and a gas flow in a direction opposite to the material supply direction is formed. The flow in the direction opposite to the direction in which the material is supplied can increase the gas flow rate in contact with the material located on the material supply side with respect to the die and effectively separate the additive from the material. At the same time, the molded product discharge side suction means sucks the gas on the molded product discharge side with respect to the die, and a gas flow in the direction opposite to the discharge direction of the molded product is formed. The flow in the direction opposite to the direction in which the molded product is discharged can increase the gas flow rate in contact with the molded product located on the molded product discharge side of the die to effectively separate the additive from the molded product. it can. By the material supply side suction means and the molded product discharge side suction means, a gas flow is formed separately on the material supply side and the molded product discharge side with respect to the die on which the material molding operation is performed. The released additive and the additive released from the molded material can each be collected effectively. As a result, additives can be collected quickly, and flammable additives can be effectively prevented from being flammable. In addition, additives with high environmental impact, harmful or toxic additives, and odorous additives Can be effectively prevented.

  In addition, the gas on the material supply side of the die is sucked by the material supply side suction means, and the gas on the mold discharge side of the die is sucked by the mold discharge side suction means, so that the atmospheric pressure in the casing and the supply passage is atmospheric pressure. Is kept lower. Therefore, the additive released from the material in the supply process or the molding process can be collected without leaking from the casing and the supply passage to the periphery. Also, the particles of material can be collected without leaking out of the casing and supply passage to the periphery. As a result, the working environment around the granulator can be kept clean.

  In addition, the material supply side suction means sucks the gas on the material supply side of the die, and the molded article discharge side suction means sucks the gas on the die discharge side of the die, so that the material supply side suction means and the molding discharge side By adjusting the suction amount of the suction means, it is possible to prevent a difference in atmospheric pressure between the material supply side of the die and the molding discharge side. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the movement of the extrusion direction from being hindered or the movement of the extrusion direction to be accelerated with respect to the material whose molding hole is extruded by the extrusion means. As a result, an appropriate compressive force can be applied to the material from which the molding hole is extruded by the extrusion means, and a molded product having an appropriate specific gravity can be manufactured.

  In the granulating apparatus of the present invention, the additive separated and collected from the material may be subjected to a decomposition or combustion treatment or may be released to the atmosphere depending on the characteristics of the additive. . If the additive is harmful or toxic, the additive is trapped and removed with a filter, absorbent, or adsorbent from the gas sucked by the material supply side suction means and molding discharge side suction means. Thereafter, it is preferable to release the gas from which the additive has been removed.

  In one embodiment of the granulation apparatus, the material supply side suction means is configured to suck gas through a material supply side suction passage communicating with the material supply side of the die.

  According to the above embodiment, the gas containing the additive separated from the material can be efficiently sucked from the material supply side of the die through the material supply side suction passage.

  In one embodiment of the granulation apparatus, the supply passage also serves as the material supply side suction passage.

  According to the said embodiment, an additive can be efficiently isolate | separated from the material which passes along this supply path by attracting | sucking gas from the material supply side of die | dye through a supply path.

  The granulation apparatus of one embodiment is provided with a material supply side air supply unit that supplies air to the material supply side of the die.

  According to the embodiment, the material that has passed through the supply passage is supplied to the material supply side of the die in a state where air is supplied to the material supply side of the die by the material supply side air supply unit. The air supplied from the material supply side air supply section separates the additive from the material, and effectively releases the additive released from the material when the extrusion action is performed by the die and the extrusion means. Can be shed.

  The granulation apparatus of one embodiment is configured such that the molded product discharge side suction means sucks gas through a molded product discharge side suction passage communicating with the molded product discharge side of the die.

  According to the above embodiment, the gas containing the additive separated in the process of molding the material through the molded product discharge side suction passage and the additive separated from the molded product after molding is sent from the molded product discharge side of the die. Efficient suction is possible.

  In the granulation apparatus of one embodiment, the casing serves also as a molded product discharge side suction means.

  According to the above embodiment, by sucking the gas from the die discharge side of the die through the casing, the gas flow can be brought into contact with the molding pushed out of the die in the casing and directed to the discharge portion. Can be effectively separated from the additive.

  The granulation apparatus of one embodiment includes a molded product discharge side air supply unit that supplies air to the molded product discharge side of the die in the casing.

  According to the above embodiment, in a state where air is supplied to the molded product discharge side of the die by the molded product discharge side air supply unit, the molded product molded by the die in the casing discharges the molded product discharge side of the die. Move towards. The air supplied from the molded product discharge side air supply part separates the additive from the molded product and effectively molds the additive released from the material when the extrusion action is applied by the die and the extrusion means. Can flow to the waste discharge side.

  In the granulating apparatus of one embodiment, the discharge part of the molded product also serves as the molded product discharge side air supply unit.

  According to the above embodiment, the molded product is discharged from the discharge unit, and air is supplied from the discharge unit to the molded product discharge side of the die, so that the molded product is molded by the die and discharged from the discharge unit. In the meantime, it is possible to effectively separate the additive from the molded product by bringing it into contact with the air flowing in the direction opposite to the discharge direction of the molded product.

  The granulation apparatus of one embodiment is provided with feeding means for directly applying a force to the material and feeding it to the material supply side of the die in the supply passage.

  According to the above embodiment, by applying a force directly to the material by the feeding means, a material having a relatively small bulk specific gravity can be reliably sent to the material supply side of the die, and the additive contained in the material can be added. It can be separated effectively. Here, when the supply passage also serves as the material supply side suction passage, the material can be reliably sent to the material supply side of the die against the gas flow in the direction opposite to the material supply direction. By sending the material in the opposite direction of the gas flow, the material can be brought into contact with a large amount of gas to effectively separate the additive from the material.

  In the granulating apparatus of one embodiment, the material is a heat insulating material, a sound absorbing material, a shock absorbing material, or a container material.

  According to the said embodiment, the additive contained in a heat insulating material, a sound-absorbing material, a shock absorbing material, or a container material can be effectively isolate | separated and collected at a shaping | molding process. Therefore, recycling of the heat insulating material, the sound absorbing material, the buffer material or the container material can be promoted. Here, as the heat insulating material, for example, those used for home appliances and those used for buildings are applicable, and as the sound absorbing material, for example, those used for acoustic equipment and buildings are applicable. What is used for packing corresponds, and examples of the container material include those used for foods, daily necessities and pharmaceuticals, but the heat insulating material, the sound absorbing material, the shock absorbing material or the container processed by the granulating apparatus of the present invention. The use of the material is not particularly limited.

  In one embodiment of the granulating apparatus, the additive of the material is a flammable gas, a greenhouse gas, a harmful gas, a toxic gas, or a malodorous gas.

  According to the above embodiment, when the additive is a flammable gas, the additive can be collected separately from the material while preventing ignition. In addition, when the additive is a greenhouse gas, a harmful gas, a toxic gas, or a malodorous gas, the additive can be collected separately from the material while preventing the additive from leaking out. At the same time, a material from which the additive has been separated can be molded. Therefore, a material containing flammable gas, greenhouse gas, harmful gas, toxic gas, or malodorous gas as an additive can be used for recycling while ensuring safety and environmental conservation.

  In one embodiment of the granulation apparatus, the material is a foamable resin, and the additive is a foaming agent.

  According to the above embodiment, the foaming agent used in the foamable resin as a material is collected separately from the material while preventing inconvenience of ignition and leakage to the outside, and the foaming property is obtained by separating the foaming agent. Resin can be molded. Therefore, the foamable resin can be used for recycling while ensuring safety and environmental conservation.

  In one embodiment, the foaming agent of the foamable resin is cyclopentane or chlorofluorocarbon.

  According to the embodiment, the foaming resin containing cyclopentane, which is becoming popular as a foaming agent instead of chlorofluorocarbon, can be collected as a material while separating cyclopentane from the material while preventing ignition, and cyclopentane. It is possible to mold the separated material. Therefore, the waste material of the foamable resin using cyclopentane as a foaming agent can be used for recycling while ensuring safety.

  In addition, according to the above-described embodiment, using a foamable resin containing chlorofluorocarbon as a material, the chlorofluorocarbon can be separated and collected from the material while preventing leakage of the chlorofluorocarbon to the outside, and the material from which chlorofluorocarbon is separated is molded. be able to. Accordingly, the foamable resin waste material using chlorofluorocarbon as a foaming agent can be used for recycling while preventing the influence on the environment.

  In one embodiment of the granulation apparatus, the die is a ring die in which a roller as an extruding means is accommodated in an inner peripheral surface so as to be relatively rollable, and in an opening formed on an end surface of the ring die, The supply port of the supply passage and the opening of the material supply side air supply unit are arranged close to each other.

  According to the above embodiment, in the ring die type granulation apparatus provided with a ring die and a roller, the material supplied to the inside through the opening of the ring die from the supply port of the supply passage is opened to the material supply side air supply unit The gas supplied from can be effectively brought into contact, and the additive can be effectively collected from the material.

In one embodiment, the granulation apparatus comprises a supply means for supplying a material to the supply passage,
A concentration meter for measuring the concentration of the additive in at least one of the gas sucked by the material supply side suction means and the gas sucked by the molded product discharge side suction means;
A supply means controller connected to the supply means and the densitometer, and for controlling the amount of material supplied by the supply means based on the measurement value of the densitometer;

  According to the above embodiment, the material is supplied to the supply passage by the supply means, and the supplied material is guided to the material supply side of the die through the supply passage. The concentration meter measures the concentration of the additive in at least one of the gas sucked by the material supply side suction means and the gas sucked by the molded product discharge side suction means. Based on the measured value by the densitometer, the supply amount of the material by the supply unit is controlled by the supply unit control unit, and thereby the amount of the additive separated by the granulator is controlled. For example, the amount of additive that separates from the material supplied to the material supply side of the die increases, or the amount of additive that separates from the material extruded from the die molding hole increases, or the molded product of the die. If the measured value of the additive concentration measured by the densitometer exceeds the predetermined reference value due to an increase in the amount of additive separated from the molded product discharged to the discharge side, the supply means control unit supplies it. The operation of the means is controlled to reduce the amount of material supplied to the supply passage. As a result, the amount of the additive separated by the granulator decreases, so the additive ignites in the granulator or the additive that exceeds the suction capacity of the suction means leaks to the outside and loads on the environment. Can prevent inconvenience. If the measured value of the additive concentration measured by the densitometer falls below a predetermined reference value after reducing the supply amount of the material to the supply passage, the supply means control unit performs the operation of the supply means. The amount of material supplied to the supply passage may be increased. Here, the supply means control unit may control the supply amount of the material by the supply means so as to be an amount corresponding to the measured value of the concentration, or when the measured value of the concentration exceeds a threshold value. You may stop supply of the material by a supply means.

The granulation apparatus of one embodiment comprises a densitometer that measures the concentration of the additive in at least one of the gas sucked by the material supply side suction means and the gas sucked by the molded product discharge side suction means,
A suction unit control unit connected to the supply unit and the concentration meter, and configured to control a gas suction amount of the material supply side suction unit or the molded product discharge side suction unit based on a measurement value by the concentration meter;

  According to the embodiment, the concentration of the additive in at least one of the gas sucked by the material supply side suction means and the gas sucked by the molded product discharge side suction means is measured by the densitometer. Based on the measured value by the densitometer, the suction amount of the gas of the material supply side suction means or the molded product discharge side suction means is controlled by the suction means control unit, and thereby the air containing the additive from the granulator The amount of suction is controlled. For example, the amount of additive that separates from the material supplied to the material supply side of the die increases, or the amount of additive that separates from the material extruded from the die molding hole increases, or the molded product of the die. If the measured value of the additive concentration measured by the densitometer exceeds a predetermined reference value due to an increase in the amount of the additive separated from the molded product discharged to the discharge side, the suction means control unit The operation of the supply side suction means or the molded product discharge side suction means is controlled so as to increase the amount of air sucked from the material supply side or the molded product discharge side in the granulation apparatus. As a result, the concentration of the additive in the granulator decreases, so that the additive ignites in the granulator or the additive that exceeds the suction capability of the suction means leaks to the outside and places a burden on the environment. Inconvenience can be prevented.

The granulation apparatus of one embodiment comprises a densitometer that measures the concentration of the additive in at least one of the gas sucked by the material supply side suction means and the gas sucked by the molded product discharge side suction means,
A warning unit that is connected to the supply means and the densitometer and that performs a warning operation based on a measurement value obtained by the densitometer;

  According to the embodiment, the concentration of the additive in at least one of the gas sucked by the material supply side suction means and the gas sucked by the molded product discharge side suction means is measured by the densitometer. Based on the measured value by the densitometer, the warning unit performs a warning operation. For example, the amount of additive that separates from the material supplied to the material supply side of the die increases, or the amount of additive that separates from the material extruded from the die molding hole increases, or the molded product of the die. When the amount of additive separated from the molded product discharged to the discharge side increases and the measured value of the additive concentration measured by the densitometer exceeds a predetermined reference value, the warning unit performs a warning operation. . The warning unit may sound a warning sound, emit warning light, or output warning information as a warning operation. When the warning unit performs a warning operation, it is possible to quickly notify the operator or administrator that the concentration of the additive in the granulator has increased, so the additive can ignite or suck in the granulator. It is possible to prevent the inconvenience that the additive exceeding the suction ability by the means leaks to the outside and causes a load on the environment. The warning unit, for example, emits a warning sound having a different tone color or volume, emits a warning light having a different color, pattern, or blinking, or has a different content depending on the concentration measured by the densitometer. Different warning operations corresponding to the measured concentration may be performed, such as outputting warning information.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the granulation apparatus of embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the pellet mill which comprises a granulation apparatus. It is a cross-sectional view which shows the inside of the casing of a pellet mill. It is a figure which shows the edge part of the supply duct connected to a pellet mill. It is a schematic diagram explaining the basic operation | movement of a pellet mill. It is a schematic diagram which shows the granulation apparatus of other embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  Drawing 1 is a mimetic diagram showing the granulation device of an embodiment. The granulating apparatus 1 of the embodiment is an apparatus for producing pellets as a molded product using a foamable resin using a combustible foaming agent as an additive as a material. In this embodiment, a heat-insulating material containing urethane foam in which cyclopentane is used as a foaming agent is used as a material, which is a crushed piece crushed to a size of 3 mm to 10 mm by a crusher (not shown). The granulating apparatus 1 includes a pellet mill 2 that performs a granulating operation, a quantitative feeder 3 that supplies the material to the pellet mill 2, and air from the material supply passage to the pellet mill 2 through the first cyclone separator 4. A first suction blower 5 as a material supply side suction means for sucking air, and a second suction as a molded product discharge side suction means for sucking air from the pellet discharge path from the pellet mill 2 through the second cyclone separator 6. A blower 7 is provided.

  The pellet mill 2 is a ring die type granulator, and forms a drive section casing 21 containing a ring die drive mechanism, a die casing 22 containing a ring die, and a material supply passage to the ring die. As shown by the arrow P2 from the supply duct 23 and the die casing 22, it has the discharge port 24 which forms the discharge part which discharges | emits a pellet. As will be described in detail later, the discharge port 24 also serves as a molded product discharge side air supply unit.

  The fixed-quantity feeder 3 is formed as a substantially rectangular parallelepiped box-shaped body and serves as supply means for temporarily storing the material, and a supply means that is provided at the lower end of the container part 31 and sends the material to the supply duct 23 of the pellet mill 2. A screw conveyor 32 is provided. The screw conveyor 32 has a cylindrical casing and a screw body that is accommodated in the casing and has a spiral blade fixed to the outer periphery of the drive shaft. A drive motor 33 is connected to the drive shaft of the screw body. . The operation of the drive motor 33 is controlled by a control unit 52 described later. The control unit 52 is configured by a microcomputer including a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like.

  The first cyclone separator 4 is configured to separate particles of the material contained in the air guided from the supply duct 23, and the particles separated by the first cyclone separator 4 are transferred to the container unit 31 of the quantitative supply machine 3. It is configured to return. The first suction blower 5 sucks the air in the supply duct 23 as shown by an arrow A14 through a suction pipe connected to the upper end of the supply duct 23, and introduces the sucked air into the first cyclone separator 4 The first cyclone separator 4 is configured to perform a particle separation operation. The air after the particles are separated by the first cyclone separator 4 passes through the discharge port of the first suction blower 5 and is discharged to the atmosphere as indicated by an arrow E1.

  The second cyclone separator 6 is configured to separate the particles of the material contained in the air guided from the die casing 22, and the particles separated by the second cyclone separator 6 enter the container portion 31 of the quantitative feeder 3. It is configured to return. The second suction blower 7 sucks air in the die casing 22 as shown by an arrow A24 through a suction pipe connected to the upper portion of the die casing 22, and introduces the sucked air into the second cyclone separator 6. The second cyclone separator 6 is configured to perform a particle separation operation. The air after the particles are separated by the second cyclone separator 6 passes through the discharge port of the second suction blower 7 and is discharged to the atmosphere as indicated by an arrow E2.

  The first and second cyclone separators 4 and 6 can adopt a known structure, for example, a substantially conical separation chamber that is reduced in diameter downward, and a central axis that is arranged in the separation chamber so that the first axis is aligned. One having an exhaust pipe connected to the suction ports of the first and second suction blowers 5 and 7 can be used. By the suction operation of the first and second suction blowers 5 and 7, the air in the pellet mill 2 is introduced from the upper part of the separation chamber to form a swirl flow in the separation chamber, and the particles of the material are aired by the centrifugal force of this swirl flow. And is discharged from the lower end of the separation chamber. The air from which the particles of material are separated is sucked into the first and second suction blowers 5 and 7 from the exhaust pipe and discharged to the atmosphere.

  In the suction pipe between the supply duct 23 and the first cyclone separator 4, a densitometer 51 that measures the concentration of cyclopentane as a blowing agent contained in the air sucked into the first cyclone separator 4 from the supply duct 23. Is connected. A concentration meter 50 for measuring the concentration of cyclopentane as a blowing agent contained in the air sucked from the casing 22 to the second cyclone separator 6 is provided in the suction pipe between the casing 22 and the second cyclone separator 6. Is connected. These densitometers 50 and 51 are connected to the control unit 52. When the measured value of the concentration of cyclopentane measured by the densitometers 50 and 51 exceeds 15% of the lower explosion limit concentration, The operation of the screw conveyor 32 is set to be stopped.

  2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the pellet mill 2, FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view showing the inside of the die casing 22, and FIG. 4 is a view showing an end portion of the supply duct.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a cylindrical ring die 25 is accommodated in the die casing 22 with the rotation axis in the horizontal direction. The ring die 25 has a bottomed cylindrical shape in which the front side of the die casing 22 (the right side of the drawing in FIG. 2) is open, and a drive shaft 34 is fixed to the bottom. The ring die 25 includes an annular frame member 252 that is located at an end portion on the front side and has an opening formed inside, and a disk-shaped bottom member that is located at an end portion on the back side and is connected to the drive shaft 34. 253. A sleeve-shaped die body 251 is fixed between the reinforcing member 252 and the bottom member 253. The die main body 251 is provided with a plurality of molding holes 25a, 25a, 25a... Over the entire circumferential surface, and the diameters of these molding holes 25a are reduced toward the outer diameter side. A taper is provided. The drive shaft 34 fixed to the bottom member 253 of the ring die 25 has a substantially conical shape with a diameter decreasing toward the back side. A pulley is provided at the tip on the back side of the drive shaft 34, and drive belts 35 and 37 are hung between the pulley 36 of the motor M1. Two motors M1 are arranged above the left and right sides of the drive shaft 34 in a front view, and are supported in a state in which the drive shaft 34 is suspended by belts 35 and 37 hung on the pulleys 36 of the motors M1. Has been.

  Inside the ring die 25, as shown in FIG. 3, rollers 38, 38 serving as two pushing means supported rotatably on a support shaft 39 are accommodated. These rollers 38, 38 are configured to follow and roll as indicated by arrow R2 as the ring die 25 is driven to rotate as indicated by arrow R1. By relatively rolling with the inner peripheral surface of the ring die 25 and the outer peripheral surfaces of the rollers 38 and 38 being close to each other, a material is sandwiched between the ring die 25 and the rollers 38 and 38, and the rollers 38 and 38 make a ring. A material is pushed into the molding hole 25a of the die 25 and pushed out to the outer diameter side of the ring die 25 to perform a molding operation. As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of grooves having a rectangular cross section extending in the axial direction are provided on the outer peripheral surfaces of the rollers 38 and 38.

  On the other hand, on the outside of the ring die 25, cutters 40, 40 are disposed at positions corresponding to the rollers 38, 38 in proximity to the outer peripheral surface of the ring die 25. The cutter 40 is configured to form pellets 41 and 41 by cutting the material extruded from the outer peripheral surface of the ring die 25 by a roller 38 into a predetermined length. The distance between the outer peripheral surface of the ring die 25 and the cutting edge of the cutter 40 is configured to be adjustable, and the length of the pellet 41 can be adjusted according to the distance between the outer peripheral surface of the ring die 25 and the cutting edge of the cutter 40. It has become. The pellets 41 and 41 formed by cutting with the cutter 40 move downward in the die casing 22 and are discharged to the outside from the discharge port 24 provided at the lower end of the die casing 22 as indicated by an arrow P2. It is comprised so that.

  A supply duct 23 is provided on the front side of the die casing 22 to supply the material toward the inside of the ring die 25. The supply duct 23 has a vertical portion 231 that extends in the vertical direction and has a rectangular cross section, and a horizontal throwing portion 232 that extends in the horizontal direction continuously to the lower end of the vertical portion 231. The screw conveyor 32 of the quantitative feeder 3 is connected to the side surface of the upper end portion of the vertical portion 231. At the upper end of the vertical part 231, a duct exhaust part 28 for exhausting the air in the supply duct 23 is provided. The horizontal throwing portion 232 is fixed through the front of the die casing 22. In this state, the opening 23 b at the tip of the horizontal throwing portion 232 is inserted into the opening inside the frame member 252 of the ring die 25. Yes. A push screw 29 as a pressure feeding means is provided in the front side of the horizontal throwing portion 232 so as to be positioned at a connection portion between the vertical portion 231 and the horizontal throwing portion 232. As shown in FIG. 4, the push screw 29 includes a rotating shaft 291 that is rotationally driven by a motor M <b> 2 and a plurality of screws 292, 292, and 292 fixed to the rotating shaft 292. The pushing screw 29 applies a striking force in the horizontal direction to the material that has been dropped onto the upper end portion of the vertical portion 231 by the screw conveyor 32 by the rotating screw 292. As a result, the material is discharged from the opening 23 b of the horizontal charging portion 232 and is pumped toward the inside of the ring die 25.

  The supply duct 23 incorporates an air supply pipe 27 as a material supply side air supply unit that guides external air into the ring die 25. The air supply pipe 27 is formed with a partition plate fixed inside the supply duct 23, and a suction port 27 a for sucking air opens at a lower portion of the horizontal charging unit 232 on the die casing 22 side, and the horizontal charging unit 232. An air outlet 27b that blows out air sucked from the air inlet 27a is opened inside the opening 23b. As the first suction blower 5 performs the suction operation, the air supply pipe 27 sucks air from the suction port 27a and blows the sucked air from the blowout port 27b to the inside of the ring die 25. Thus, by supplying air to the inside of the ring die 25 on the die material supply side through the air supply pipe 27, as shown by the arrow A12, the horizontal introduction portion of the supply duct 23 from the inside of the ring die 25 is provided. An air flow toward the direction opposite to the material supply direction indicated by the arrow D <b> 2 is formed toward 232. Then, as indicated by an arrow A13, a vertically upward air flow is formed in the vertical portion 231 of the supply duct 23 connected to the horizontal charging portion 232 in the direction opposite to the material charging direction indicated by the arrow D1. The air that has reached the upper end of the vertical portion 231 of the supply duct 23 passes through the duct exhaust portion 28 and is guided to the first suction blower 5 through the first cyclone separator 4. As described above, the first suction blower 5 serving as the material supply side suction means causes the material to reach the inside of the ring die 25 that is the material supply side of the ring die 25 and the horizontal charging portion 232 and the vertical portion 231 of the supply duct 23. It is formed so as to form an air flow in a direction opposite to the supplied direction.

  A casing exhaust pipe 26 for discharging the air in the die casing 22 is provided on the upper side of the die casing 22 on the right side when viewed from the front. The casing exhaust pipe 26 is connected to the second cyclone separator 6. As the second suction blower 7 performs a suction operation, air is sucked from the discharge port 24 that also serves as a molded product discharge side air supply unit, and the sucked air passes through the outside of the ring die 25 in the die casing 22. It is formed so as to be discharged from the casing exhaust pipe 26. Specifically, as indicated by an arrow A2, air flows into the die casing 22 from the discharge port 24 in the direction opposite to the direction of the arrow P2 from which the pellets are discharged. As indicated by arrow A21, the air flowing into the die casing 22 is formed between the inner wall surface of the die casing 22 and the outer surface of the ring die 25 so that the pellet 41 molded by the ring die 25 is indicated by the arrow P1. Flows in a direction opposite to the direction toward the discharge port 24. At a position above the position at which the pellet 41 of the ring die 25 is molded, air flows along the outer peripheral surface of the ring die 25 as indicated by an arrow A22. Thus, the air flowing in the opposite direction to the pellet discharging direction in the die casing 22 and flowing along the outer peripheral surface of the ring die 25 flows into the casing exhaust pipe 26 from the die casing 22 as indicated by an arrow A23. , As indicated by an arrow A24, is guided to the second cyclone separator 6 and finally to the second suction blower 7. As described above, the second suction blower 7 serving as the molded product discharge side suction means causes the discharge port 24 between the outer peripheral surface of the ring die 25 on the molded product discharge side of the ring die 25 and the inner wall surface of the die casing 22. Further, it is formed so as to form an air flow in the direction opposite to the direction in which the pellets as the molded product are discharged.

  The granulating apparatus 1 having the above-described configuration operates as follows. First, the motor M1 is activated, the driving force is transmitted to the drive shaft 34 via the pulley 36 and the belts 35 and 37, and the ring die 25 fixed to the drive shaft 34 rotates. At the same time, the first and second suction blowers 5 and 7 are activated to suck the air in the supply duct 23 and the ring die 25 through the first cyclone separator 4 and the die casing 22 through the second cyclone separator 6. The suction of the air inside is started. The air suction amount of the first suction blower 5 and the suction amount of the second suction blower 6 are set to values that do not cause a difference in atmospheric pressure between the inside and the outside of the ring die 25. Thereafter, the screw conveyor 32 of the quantitative feeder 3 is operated, and the material stored in the container part 31 is supplied to the supply duct 23. The material supplied to the supply duct 23 falls in the vertical portion 231 of the supply duct 23 as indicated by an arrow D1 in FIG. 2, and is horizontally pumped in the horizontal input portion 232 by the push screw 29 as indicated by an arrow D2. Then, it is discharged from the opening 23 b of the horizontal charging portion 232 and supplied to the inside of the ring die 25. The material supplied to the inside of the ring die 25 is stirred inside the rotating ring die 25 and is sandwiched between the inner peripheral surface of the ring die 25 and the outer peripheral surfaces of the rollers 38 and 38. The sandwiched material is pushed into the molding hole 25a of the ring die 25 by the roller 38, compressed and molded in the process of passing through the molding hole 25a, and pushed out to the outer peripheral side of the ring die 25. The material extruded to the outer peripheral side of the ring die 25 is cut by the cutter 40 into pellets 41, falls between the inner wall surface of the die casing 22 and the outer peripheral surface of the ring die 25 as indicated by the arrow P1, and is discharged. It is discharged from the outlet 24 as shown by the arrow P2.

  While the material is supplied to the ring die 25 through the supply duct 23 and formed into pellets by the ring die 25 and discharged, cyclopentane as a blowing agent contained in the material is discharged into the pellet mill 2.

  Here, with respect to the ring die 25, the material is supplied to the material supply side, that is, the inside of the ring die 25 and the inside of the supply duct 23, and the direction in which the material is supplied by the first suction blower 5. An air flow in the opposite direction is formed. Thereby, a large flow rate of air comes into contact with the material supplied through the supply duct 23, and cyclopentane is effectively separated from the material. Further, the cyclopentane that has been stirred inside the ring die 25 and separated from the material being sandwiched between the rollers 38 is effectively mixed with the air blown from the outlet 27 b of the air supply pipe 27. The cyclopentane thus separated from the material is mixed with air and guided from the supply duct 23 to the first cyclone separator 4 as indicated by arrow A14. After the material particles are separated by the first cyclone separator 4, the first The suction blower 5 discharges it to the atmosphere as indicated by an arrow E1.

  Further, with respect to the ring die 25, the second suction blower 7 is disposed on the molded product discharge side from which the molded pellet 41 is discharged, that is, between the outer peripheral surface of the ring die 25 and the inner wall surface of the die casing 22. As a result, an air flow in the direction opposite to the direction in which the pellets 41 are discharged is formed. As a result, a large amount of air comes into contact with the pellets 41 discharged between the outer peripheral surface of the ring die 25 and the inner wall surface of the die casing 22, and cyclopentane is effectively separated from the pellets 41. The cyclopentane separated from the pellet 41 is mixed with air and guided from the die casing 22 to the second cyclone separator 6 as indicated by an arrow A24. After the material particles are separated by the second cyclone separator 6, the second The suction blower 7 discharges it to the atmosphere as indicated by the arrow E2.

  In this way, by forming an air flow in the direction opposite to the material supply direction and an air flow in the direction opposite to the discharge direction of the pellets 41 on the material supply side and the molded product discharge side with respect to the ring die 25, the material and pellets are formed. Cyclopentane can be quickly and effectively removed from 41 and released to the outside.

  Furthermore, the granulating apparatus 1 of this embodiment stops the manufacturing operation of the pellet 41 when the amount of cyclopentane separated from the material with the manufacture of the pellet 41 exceeds a predetermined amount. That is, if the measured value of the concentration of cyclopentane measured by one of the densitometers 51 and 52 exceeds 15% of the lower explosion limit concentration, the control unit 52 supplies power to the drive motor 33 of the screw conveyor 32. Stop supplying. Thereby, the material supply to the supply duct 23 by the screw conveyor 32 is stopped, and the increase in the concentration of cyclopentane in the granulator 1 is prevented, and as a result, the danger of cyclopentane ignition is effectively prevented. can do.

  Thus, the granulating apparatus 1 of this embodiment removes cyclopentane with the air flow formed on the material supply side and the molded product discharge side with respect to the ring die 25, and is included in the air flow from the granulating apparatus 1. When the amount of cyclopentane exceeds a predetermined amount, the supply of material to the ring die 25 is stopped. Therefore, even if the heat insulating material used in the refrigerator is a material in which the heat insulating material uses cyclopentane as a foaming agent, it can be effectively treated by preventing explosion, and as a result, the heat insulating material can be recycled. Pellets can be manufactured safely. Also, since the air flow is formed separately on the material supply side and the molded product discharge side with respect to the ring die 25, cyclopentane released from the material in the process of supply and molding and cyclopentane released from the molded pellets , Each can be collected effectively. As a result, cyclopentane can be collected quickly and cyclopentane ignition can be effectively prevented.

  Further, since the first suction blower 5 sucks air on the material supply side of the ring die 25 and the second suction blower 7 sucks air on the molded product discharge side of the ring die 25, the die casing 22 and the supply duct 23 are sucked. The internal pressure is kept lower than the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the foaming agent released from the material in the supply process or the molding process can be collected without leaking from the die casing 22 and the supply duct 23 to the periphery. In addition, fine particles of the material can be collected without leaking from the die casing 22 and the supply duct 23 to the periphery. As a result, the working environment around the granulator 1 can be kept clean.

  In addition, the air suction amount of the first suction blower 5 and the suction amount of the second suction blower 6 are set to values that do not cause a difference in atmospheric pressure between the inner side and the outer side of the ring die 25. It is possible to prevent the movement of the extrusion direction from being hindered or the movement of the extrusion direction to be accelerated with respect to the material extruded from the molding hole 25a by the roller 38. As a result, an appropriate compressive force can be applied to the material extruded from the molding hole 25a by the roller 38, and a pellet having an appropriate specific gravity can be manufactured.

  In addition, since the particles of the material contained in the air sucked from the inside of the die casing 22 and the supply duct 23 are separated by the first and second cyclone separators 4 and 6 and returned to the metering feeder 3, the foaming agent is collected. The accompanying material loss can be reduced.

  In the above embodiment, the air supply pipe 27 as the material supply side air supply unit is built in the supply duct 23, but the material supply side air supply unit may not be built in the supply duct 23, and is separate from the supply duct 23. You may comprise by piping provided in. In addition, the molded product discharge side air supply unit is also used as the discharge port 24 of the die casing 22, but the molded product discharge side air supply unit may be provided separately from the discharge port 24.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the control part 52 stopped operation | movement of the screw conveyor 32 when the measured value of the densitometers 50 and 51 exceeded 15% of the explosion lower limit density | concentration, based on another measured value, it is. The operation of the screw conveyor 32 may be stopped. Moreover, the control part 52 may perform the deceleration control which reduces the rotation speed of the drive motor 33 besides performing stop control of the screw conveyor 32. FIG. Further, the operation of the screw conveyor 32 may be restored when the concentration falls below a predetermined threshold. The densitometers 50 and 51 include a casing 22, a supply duct 23, and the like other than the suction pipe between the supply duct 23 and the first cyclone separator 4 and the suction pipe between the casing 22 and the second cyclone separator 6. In other words, if the amount of cyclopentane supplied to the ring die 25 and separated from the material to be molded or the cyclopentane separated from the pellet formed by the ring die 25 can be measured. Good.

  Further, the control unit 52 may control operations of the first and second suction blowers 5 and 7 in addition to the screw conveyor 32. In this case, when the measured values of the densitometers 50 and 51 exceed a predetermined value, the suction amounts of the first and second suction blowers 5 and 7 are increased. Thereby, when the density | concentration of the cyclopentane in the granulator 1 increases, cyclopentane can be discharged | emitted rapidly outside and an ignition can be prevented effectively. Moreover, you may provide the warning part which performs a warning operation, when the measured value of the densitometers 50 and 51 exceeds a predetermined value. The warning unit promptly notifies the operator or administrator that the concentration of cyclopentane has increased by sound, light, or information output. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent inconvenience that cyclopentane is ignited in the granulating apparatus or cyclopentane exceeding the suction capability of the suction means leaks to the outside.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the pellet mill 2 was a ring die type provided with the cylindrical ring die 25, you may use the pellet mill provided with the flat die. As a pellet mill having a flat die, for example, a roller that rolls around a central axis of a donut or a reciprocating motion while a roller rolls on a rectangular die. The present invention can be applied to anything.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the granulator 1 discharge | released the cyclopentane collected from the material and the pellet to air | atmosphere, you may perform processes, such as decomposition | disassembly and combustion, to cyclopentane.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the material which manufactures the pellet 41 was formed with the foaming urethane which used the cyclopentane as a combustible foaming agent, other combustible foaming agents, such as propane, butane, and pentane, are used. The foamed resin may be treated. The material may be foamed urethane or other foamed resin such as polystyrene foam.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although air was supplied in the die casing 22 and the supply duct 23, and the foaming agent was mixed and sucked into the supplied air, inert gas, such as nitrogen, for example, is supplied to the die casing 22 and / or supply. The inert gas mixed with the foaming agent may be sucked by supplying it into the duct 23 and mixing the foaming agent.

  Moreover, although the granulation apparatus 1 of the said embodiment collect | recovered cyclopentane as a combustible foaming agent, it can also collect | recover the foaming agents with large environmental loads, such as a Freon, for example. If the granulator 1 collects chlorofluorocarbon, the gas discharged from the discharge ports of the first suction blower 5 and the second suction blower 7 is guided to the chlorofluorocarbon recovery device to separate and recover the chlorofluorocarbon. Good. Further, the discharge ports of the first suction blower 5 and the second suction blower 7 are configured to be switchable between the atmosphere opening and the chlorofluorocarbon recovery device, and the recovered foaming agent is processed according to the foaming agent contained in the material. It may be possible to select either air release or recovery. In this way, by configuring the air release and recovery so as to be selectable according to the type of foaming agent, it is possible to process a material containing multiple types of foaming agent with a single device.

Moreover, although the granulator 1 of the said embodiment processed the material containing a cyclopentane as an additive, when processing the material containing a harmful additive and a toxic additive, it is 1st from the pellet mill 2. In addition, it is preferable that the additive is captured by the absorbent, the adsorbent, or the filter from the air sucked by the second suction blowers 5 and 7. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a granulating apparatus 12 for processing a material containing harmful or toxic additives, and the granulating apparatus 12 shown in FIG. 2 has the same function as the granulating apparatus 1 of FIG. Parts are given the same reference numbers as those in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the granulating device 12 of this embodiment has a filter device 61 and an adsorbing device 62 connected to the suction pipe connected to the upper end of the supply duct 23 of the pellet mill 2, and connected to the downstream thereof. One suction blower 5 is configured to guide the air in the supply duct 23 to the filter device 61 and the adsorption device 62. Further, the filter device 63 and the suction device 64 are connected to the suction pipe connected to the upper portion of the die casing 22 of the pellet mill 2, the second suction blower 7 is connected downstream thereof, and the air in the die casing 22 is filtered. 63 and the suction device 64. As the filter devices 61 and 63, a pre-filter, a HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter, a ULPA (Ultra
Low Penetration Air Filter) filters, electrostatic filters, chemical filters and the like including simple substances or combinations can be used. As the adsorption devices 62 and 64, a dry adsorption device using activated carbon, zeolite, or the like, a wet adsorption device using a chemical solution, or the like can be used. The filter devices 61 and 63 are configured to mainly separate the particles of the material and return the separated particles of the material to the container unit 31 of the metering feeder 3. The adsorbing devices 62 and 64 adsorb and remove harmful components and toxic components from the air from which the material particles are separated by the filter devices 61 and 63, and the harmless air from which the harmful components and toxic components have been removed is opened to the atmosphere. It is configured. According to this granulating apparatus 12, it is possible to perform molding on a material containing harmful or toxic additives while effectively collecting harmful components and toxic components to prevent leakage.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the granulation apparatus 1 processed the heat insulating material of the refrigerator, it can also process the heat insulating material used for not only a refrigerator but another apparatus and building. In addition to the heat insulating material, a sound absorbing material, a shock absorbing material or a container material formed of a foamable resin can also be processed.

  Moreover, the granulation apparatus 1 of this embodiment can process the material containing other additives, such as a resin modifier, a degradation inhibitor, or a refrigerant | coolant other than a foaming agent, and can manufacture a molding. it can. For example, it is possible to collect materials to which harmful gases such as pentane, propane, toluene, xylene, butadiene, etc., toxic gases or odorous gases are added as additives, while preventing ignition and leakage. A molded product of the separated material can be produced.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Granulator 2 Pellet mill 3 Fixed_quantity | feed_rate machine 4 1st cyclone separator 5 1st suction blower 6 2nd cyclone separator 7 2nd suction blower

Claims (17)

A granulation apparatus for producing a molded product by molding a material containing an additive, and a die having one or a plurality of molding holes and extrusion for extruding the material from the molding holes by pressing the material toward the die Means, a casing for accommodating the die and the extrusion means, a supply passage for supplying the material to the extrusion means side of the die, and a discharge portion for discharging the molded product formed by extruding the material from the molding hole of the die from the casing In a granulating apparatus comprising:
Sucking side of the gas material with respect to the die is supplied, to the material to be the feed, the material supply side suction means this material forms a gas flow in contact with the opposite direction as supplied,
Sucking side of the gas molded product is discharged with respect to the die, with respect to the discharged the molded product, the molded product discharge side of the molded product to form a stream of gas in contact in a direction opposite to the direction to be discharged A granulating apparatus comprising a suction means. In the granulating apparatus according to claim 1,
The granulating apparatus, wherein the material supply side suction means is formed so as to suck a gas through a material supply side suction passage communicating with the material supply side of the die. The granulator according to claim 2, wherein
The granulation apparatus, wherein the supply passage also serves as the material supply side suction passage. In the granulating apparatus according to claim 1,
2. A granulating apparatus comprising a material supply side air supply unit for supplying air to the material supply side of the die. In the granulating apparatus according to claim 1,
The granulated apparatus, wherein the molded product discharge side suction means is formed so as to suck a gas through a molded product discharge side suction passage communicating with the molded product discharge side of the die. In the granulating apparatus according to claim 5,
The granulation apparatus, wherein the casing also serves as the molded product discharge side suction passage. In the granulating apparatus according to claim 1,
A granulation apparatus comprising a molded product discharge side air supply section for supplying air to a molded product discharge side of a die in the casing. The granulating apparatus according to claim 7,
The granulating apparatus, wherein the molded product discharge section also serves as the molded product discharge side air supply section. In the granulating apparatus according to claim 1,
A granulating apparatus comprising a feeding means in the supply passage for directly feeding the material to the material supply side of the die. In the granulating apparatus according to claim 1,
The granulating apparatus, wherein the material is a heat insulating material, a sound absorbing material, a buffer material or a container material. In the granulating apparatus according to claim 1,
The granulating apparatus, wherein the additive of the material is a combustible gas, a greenhouse gas, a harmful gas, a toxic gas, or a malodorous gas. In the granulating apparatus according to claim 1,
The granulating apparatus, wherein the material is a foamable resin and the additive is a foaming agent. The granulator according to claim 12, wherein
The granulating apparatus, wherein the foaming agent of the foamable resin is cyclopentane or chlorofluorocarbon. In the granulating apparatus according to claim 1,
The die is a ring die in which a roller as an extruding means is accommodated on an inner peripheral surface so as to be relatively rollable. An opening formed in an end surface of the ring die is provided with a supply port of the supply passage and a material supply A granulator characterized in that the openings of the side air supply parts are arranged close to each other. In the granulating apparatus according to claim 1,
Supply means for supplying material to the supply passage;
A concentration meter for measuring the concentration of the additive in at least one of the gas sucked by the material supply side suction means and the gas sucked by the molded product discharge side suction means;
A granulation apparatus comprising: a supply means controller connected to the supply means and the concentration meter, and controlling a supply amount of the material by the supply means based on a measurement value by the concentration meter. In the granulating apparatus according to claim 1,
A concentration meter for measuring the concentration of the additive in at least one of the gas sucked by the material supply side suction means and the gas sucked by the molded product discharge side suction means;
Is connected to the upper Kiko meter, characterized in that it comprises a based on measurements by the densitometer, suction means control unit for controlling the amount of suction gas in the material supply side suction means or formed product discharge side suction means Granulating equipment. In the granulating apparatus according to claim 1,
A concentration meter for measuring the concentration of the additive in at least one of the gas sucked by the material supply side suction means and the gas sucked by the molded product discharge side suction means;
Is connected to the upper Kiko meter, granulator, characterized in that it comprises a warning unit which issues a warning operation based on measurements by the densitometer.

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