CN108481621B

CN108481621B - Plastic crushing device

Info

Publication number: CN108481621B
Application number: CN201810265378.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 申天玖
Original assignee: Jiangsu Jingtu New Material Co Ltd
Current assignee: Jiangsu Jingtu New Material Co., Ltd
Priority date: 2018-03-28
Filing date: 2018-03-28
Publication date: 2020-04-28
Anticipated expiration: 2038-03-28
Also published as: CN108481621A

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of plastics, and particularly discloses a plastic crushing device; the crushing device comprises a rack, a crushing mechanism, a blowing mechanism and a crushing chamber fixed on the rack, wherein a discharge port and a closable feed port are arranged at the upper part of the crushing chamber; the crushing mechanism comprises a motor, a rotating shaft, a friction block and a plurality of crushing knives, the motor is fixed on the rack and can drive the rotating shaft to rotate, and the crushing knives and the friction block are fixed on the rotating shaft; the blowing mechanism comprises a fan, an air inlet pipe and a heating element, the fan is fixed on the frame, an air inlet cavity and an air inlet hole for communicating the air inlet cavity with the inner cavity of the crushing chamber are arranged in the side wall of the crushing chamber, two ends of the air inlet pipe are communicated with the fan and the air inlet cavity respectively, and the heating element is fixed in the air inlet pipe. This scheme can smash plastic foam.

Description

Plastic crushing device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of plastics, in particular to the field of plastic recycling.

Background

Plastic foam is a kind of high molecular material formed by dispersing a large amount of gas micropores in solid plastic, has the characteristics of light weight, heat insulation, sound absorption, shock absorption, corrosion resistance and the like, is easy to form, has good water resistance and very low price, is widely applied to the fields of packaging, heat preservation, water prevention, heat insulation, shock absorption and the like, and is one of the most widely applied plastics in the world today.

In order to prolong the service life of the plastic foam, some antioxidant agents are required to be added in the production process of the plastic foam made of polystyrene, so the produced plastic foam has the characteristics of ageing resistance and corrosion resistance, after the plastic foam product is used, the plastic foam product is not easy to rot in nature and is not easy to degrade by microorganisms, and even if the plastic foam product is deeply buried, underground water sources can be polluted, the soil structure is damaged, and the yield of grain crops is reduced. If the plastic foam is simply incinerated, the air and the atmospheric environment are seriously polluted, and the continuous abandonment of the plastic foam also greatly wastes resources, so that the plastic foam needs to be recycled to reduce the environmental pollution and the resource waste.

After the plastic foam is recovered, a plurality of reagents are required to be added, so that the characteristics of the plastic foam are changed, the recovered plastic foam has larger volume, and under the condition of the same mass, the plastic foam with the large volume has small contact surface area with the reagents, so the reaction speed is slower, and the recovery efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a plastic crushing device for crushing plastic foam so as to improve the reaction speed with a reagent.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a plastic crushing device comprises a frame, a crushing mechanism, an air blowing mechanism and a crushing chamber fixed on the frame, wherein a discharge port and a closable feed port are arranged at the upper part of the crushing chamber; the crushing mechanism comprises a motor, a rotating shaft, a friction block and a plurality of crushing knives, the motor is fixed on the rack and can drive the rotating shaft to rotate, and the crushing knives and the friction block are both positioned in the crushing chamber and are both fixed on the rotating shaft; the blowing mechanism comprises a fan, an air inlet pipe and a heating element, the fan is fixed on the frame, an air inlet cavity and an air inlet hole for communicating the air inlet cavity with the inner cavity of the crushing chamber are arranged in the side wall of the crushing chamber, two ends of the air inlet pipe are communicated with the fan and the air inlet cavity respectively, and the heating element is fixed in the air inlet pipe.

The principle of the scheme is as follows:

the plastic foam that the blocking needs to be retrieved can be put into the inner chamber of smashing the room from the feed inlet, and the motor can drive the pivot and rotate, smashes the sword and can rotate along with the pivot, cuts the plastic foam that is located in smashing indoor chamber. When the friction block rotates along with the rotating shaft, the plastic foam in the crushing chamber can be pushed to slide relative to the inner cavity of the crushing chamber, and when the convex edges move relative to the plastic foam, the plastic foam is crushed to form granular plastic foam with small granularity. The fan during operation can aerify in the chamber of admitting air, makes the pressure increase of the intracavity of admitting air, makes the air in the chamber of admitting air then get into crushing room inner chamber from the inlet port, will adhere to the plastic foam blow-off on crushing room inner chamber lateral wall, increases the pressure in the crushing room inner chamber simultaneously, makes the air discharge from the discharge gate. When the air is discharged, because the mass is small, the granular plastic foam generated by cutting or friction with the cam moves to the discharge port along with the air, and finally the plastic foam with small granularity passes through the holes on the screen to finish the discharge.

The scheme has the following beneficial effects:

the crushing knife can cut the plastic foam entering the crushing chamber into particles with small particle size, and the surface area of the plastic foam with the same mass is increased, so that the contact area with a reagent during subsequent reaction can be increased, and the reaction speed is increased.

And (II) the friction block can push the plastic foam to move relative to the inner wall of the crushing chamber, the convex edges increase the friction force between the inner wall of the crushing chamber and the plastic foam, the abrasion of the plastic foam is increased, the plastic foam is made into particles with smaller particle size, and the crushing efficiency of the plastic foam is improved.

Thirdly, because stains are generally attached to the surfaces of the recycled plastic foams, the plastic foams are cleaned before being crushed, and water is attached to the cleaned plastic foams; the fan during operation can form the air that gets into crushing room inner chamber, and the heating-up member heats the air, so get into crushing room inner chamber at last for hot-air, hot-air can dry the plastic foam who puts into crushing room.

(IV) air gets into crushing indoor chamber from the inlet port, can blow off the foam attached to crushing indoor wall, avoids foam to attach to on the bead, weakens the effect that the bead made foam wearing and tearing, further guarantees that foam can be worn and torn by the bead, improves crushing efficiency.

And (V) after the pressure in the crushing chamber is increased and the feed inlet is closed, the air in the crushing chamber can only be discharged from the discharge outlet, because bubbles exist in the plastic foam, the density of the plastic foam is lower, the plastic foam can move to the discharge outlet along with the air, the plastic foam with small granularity can pass through the holes on the screen mesh and is discharged from the discharge outlet, and therefore the effect of separating the plastic foam with small granularity can be achieved.

Preferably, as a further improvement to the basic solution, an L-shaped groove is provided at one end of the friction block facing the inner wall of the crushing chamber, and the plastic foam can be snapped into the groove. The clutch blocks move relative to the plastic foam along with the rotating shaft in the moving process, the plastic foam can be clamped into the grooves, the grooves can prevent the plastic foam from moving relative to the clutch blocks along with the sliding of the clutch blocks relative to the crushing chamber inner wall, the plastic foam is prevented from falling down between the clutch blocks and the crushing chamber inner wall, the sliding distance of the crushing chamber inner wall can be increased, the abrasion of the plastic foam is further increased, and the crushing efficiency is improved.

Preferably, as a further improvement of the first basic embodiment, the crushing knife is arc-shaped. The cutting edge of the crushing cutter is also increased, and the plastic foam which can be cut by the crushing cutter is increased in the same time under the condition that the rotating speed of the rotating shaft is not changed, so that the crushing efficiency of the plastic foam is further improved.

In a third preferred embodiment, as a further improvement of the second preferred embodiment, the cutting edge of the crushing blade is serrated. When the plastic foam slides relative to the crushing knife, the saw-toothed blade edges have tips, so that the contact area of the saw-toothed blade edges and the plastic foam is reduced under the same pressure, the pressure of the saw-toothed blade edges and the plastic foam is increased, and the plastic foam can be cut more easily.

Preferably, as a further improvement to the basic solution, a plurality of crushing knives are axially distributed along the rotating shaft. Can smash the plastic foam who is located crushing room different positions, further improve crushing efficiency.

Preferably, the fifth scheme is further improved on the basic scheme, the discharge port is positioned at the top of the crushing chamber, and a push plate which can pass through the discharge port and is attached to the screen is fixed on the rotating shaft. The push pedal pastes with the screen cloth mutually when the discharge gate, will adhere to the plastic foam on the screen cloth and push away from, avoids the hole on the screen cloth to be blockked up, makes the plastic foam that the granularity is littleer can pass through, guarantees going on smoothly of ejection of compact.

Preferably scheme six, as the further improvement to basic scheme, be equipped with the cavity in the crushing room diapire, the cavity also communicates with the intake pipe, and the cavity lateral wall is equipped with the through-hole with cavity and crushing room inner chamber intercommunication. The hot air can enter from the bottom of the inner cavity of the crushing chamber and blow the plastic foam upwards to promote the plastic foam to move towards the upper part of the crushing chamber and discharge from the discharge port.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a plastic pulverizing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a plan view of the rotating shaft and the crushing blades in fig. 1.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:

the reference signs are: the crushing chamber 1, a feed port cover 11, a discharge port 12, a screen 13, a rib 14, an air inlet cavity 2, an air inlet 21, a cavity 3, a through hole 31, a motor 4, a rotating gear 41, a rotating shaft 42, a limiting block 43, a crushing knife 44, a friction block 45, a push plate 46, a fan 5, an air inlet pipe 51 and a heating element 52.

A plastic crushing apparatus, as shown in FIG. 1, comprises a frame (not shown), a crushing chamber 1, a crushing mechanism for crushing plastic foam, and a blowing mechanism for moving the plastic foam toward a discharge port 12. Smash room 1 top and be equipped with feed inlet and feed inlet lid 11, feed inlet lid 11 can seal the feed inlet and with feed inlet screw-thread fit, cubic foam gets into and smashes room 1 from the feed inlet.

The crushing mechanism comprises a motor 4, a rotating shaft 42, two friction blocks 45 and three crushing blades 44, the motor 4 is fixed on the rack through bolts, the rotating shaft 42 is arranged along the vertical direction, the upper part of the rotating shaft 42 penetrates through the top wall of the crushing chamber 1, the rotating shaft 42 can rotate relative to the rack, a limiting block 43 is integrally formed on the rotating shaft 42 and located above the top wall of the crushing chamber 1, and when the rotating shaft 42 rotates, the limiting block 43 can rotate relative to the top wall of the crushing chamber 1. The upper end of the rotating shaft 42 is welded with a rotating gear 41, the output shaft of the motor 4 is welded with a driving gear meshed with the rotating gear 41, and the motor 4 can drive the rotating shaft 42 to rotate.

The crushing cutter 44 and the friction block 45 are both welded on the rotating shaft 42, the friction block 45 is symmetrical along the center line of the rotating shaft 42, as shown in fig. 2, taking the friction block 45 on the left side as an example, a groove is arranged at the left end of the friction block 45, when the friction block 45 moves along with the rotating shaft 42, the plastic foam can be clamped in the groove, the friction block 45 can enable the plastic foam to move relative to the inner wall of the crushing chamber 1, a plurality of convex ribs 14 are integrally formed on the inner wall of the crushing chamber 1, and the convex ribs 14 can enable the plastic foam to be worn to form particles with smaller particle size. The crushing blades 44 are axially distributed along the rotating shaft 42, the crushing blades 44 are arc-shaped, the cutting edges of the crushing blades 44 are radially distributed along the rotating shaft 42, the cutting edges of the crushing blades 44 are serrated, and when the crushing blades 44 move along with the rotating shaft 42, the cutting edges can cut the plastic foam.

The rotating shaft 42 is also welded with a push plate 46, the push plate 46 can pass through the discharge port 12 and is attached to the lower surface of the screen 13, and when the push plate 46 passes through the screen 13, the plastic foam attached to the screen 13 can be pushed away, so that the plastic foam is prevented from blocking the screen 13.

Blowing mechanism includes fan 5, intake pipe 51 and heating member 52, and fan 5 passes through the bolt fastening in the frame, is equipped with air intake chamber 2 and cavity 3 in crushing room 1 lateral wall and the diapire respectively, and the glue joint is on fan 5 and crushing room 1 lateral wall respectively in intake pipe 51 both ends, intake pipe 51 with air intake chamber 2 intercommunication to through pipeline and cavity 3 intercommunication, fan 5 can aerify in to air intake chamber 2 and cavity 3 through intake pipe 51. The heating element 52 is glued in the air inlet pipe 51, the heating element 52 in this embodiment is a heating resistance wire net, and the heating element 52 can heat the air passing through the air inlet pipe 51.

The side wall of the air inlet cavity 2 is provided with an air inlet 21 which is used for communicating the air inlet cavity 2 with the inner cavity of the crushing chamber 1, and hot air in the air inlet cavity 2 can enter the crushing chamber 1 from the air inlet 21 to blow away plastic foam attached to the inner wall of the crushing chamber 1. The side wall of the cavity 3 is provided with a through hole 31 which communicates the cavity 3 with the inner cavity of the crushing chamber 1, and hot air in the cavity 3 enters the inner cavity of the crushing chamber 1 from the through hole 31 to blow the plastic foam upwards. The top of the crushing chamber 1 is provided with a discharge port 12, and the crushed plastic foam can be discharged from the discharge port 12. The discharge port 12 is provided with a screen 13, the screen 13 in this embodiment is 5 meshes, and the crushed plastic foam needs to pass through the holes on the screen 13 when being discharged from the discharge port 12.

The operation process of this embodiment is as follows:

firstly, the cleaned plastic foam with water is put into the crushing chamber 1 from the feeding hole, and then the feeding hole cover 11 is covered on the feeding hole. Then the motor 4, the fan 5 and the heating element 52 are turned on, the motor 4 drives the rotating shaft 42 to rotate, the crushing knife 44 cuts the plastic foam, the friction block 45 rotates along with the rotating shaft 42, the blocky plastic foam is clamped into the groove, the plastic foam moves along with the friction block 45, and the plastic foam is abraded by the convex ribs 14 at the moment to form particles with smaller particle sizes.

The fan 5 charges air into the air inlet cavity 2 and the cavity 3, and the heating element 52 heats the air passing through the air inlet pipe 51, so that the hot air enters the air inlet cavity 2 and the cavity 3. After the hot air enters the inner cavity of the crushing chamber 1, the plastic foam attached to the inner wall of the crushing chamber 1 is blown away, the plastic foam in the inner cavity of the crushing chamber 1 is blown upwards, and meanwhile, the plastic foam is dried, so that the evaporation of water attached to the plastic foam is promoted.

The pressure in the inner cavity of the crushing chamber 1 is increased, the air mixed with the plastic foam with smaller granularity moves to the discharge port 12, and finally the plastic foam with smaller granularity, the air and the steam pass through the holes on the screen 13 and are discharged from the discharge port 12 to finish the discharge. And continuously repeating the steps to crush the plastic foam.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various changes and modifications without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these should be construed as the scope of protection of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent. The techniques, shapes, and structural parts, which are omitted from the description of the present invention, are all known techniques.

Claims

1. A plastic crushing device is characterized by comprising a rack, a crushing mechanism, an air blowing mechanism and a crushing chamber fixed on the rack, wherein a discharge port and a closable feed port are formed in the upper part of the crushing chamber; the crushing mechanism comprises a motor, a rotating shaft, a friction block and a plurality of crushing knives, the motor is fixed on the rack and can drive the rotating shaft to rotate, and the crushing knives and the friction block are both positioned in the crushing chamber and are both fixed on the rotating shaft; the blowing mechanism comprises a fan, an air inlet pipe and a heating element, the fan is fixed on the rack, an air inlet cavity and an air inlet hole for communicating the air inlet cavity with the inner cavity of the crushing chamber are formed in the side wall of the crushing chamber, two ends of the air inlet pipe are communicated with the fan and the air inlet cavity respectively, and the heating element is fixed in the air inlet pipe.

2. A plastics comminution apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the friction block is provided with an L-shaped recess at the end facing the inner wall of the comminution chamber into which the plastics material foam can be snapped.

3. The plastic shredding device of claim 1 wherein the shredding knife is arcuate.

4. A plastics comminution device as claimed in claim 3 in which the cutting edges of the comminution blades are serrated.

5. A plastics comminution apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the comminution knives are axially spaced about the shaft.

6. The plastic crushing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the discharge port is located at the top of the crushing chamber, and a push plate which can pass through the discharge port and is attached to the screen is fixed on the rotating shaft.

7. A plastics crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a cavity is provided in the bottom wall of the crushing chamber, the cavity also communicating with the inlet pipe, and the side wall of the cavity being provided with a through hole communicating the cavity with the inner cavity of the crushing chamber.