JP2001087744A - Waste treating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste treating device which is capable of simultaneously executing the crushing, volume reducing and fluorocarbon recovering of thermal insulating materials which are wastes, is high in safety and may be downsized and suppressed in an equipment cost by integrating plural functions. SOLUTION: The waste treating device 1 which is disposed with a crushing machine 7 for crushing the pulverized goods of the wastes in a material supply section 5 of an extruder 2 is provided with a controller 30 which controls the feed rate of an extrusion material in the extruder 2 to a constant rate by controlling a drive motor 31 of a screw 4 of the extruder 2 in accordance with the detection signal from a load cell 32 mounted at a revolving shaft 13 of the crushing machine 7 and regulating the rotating speed of the screw 4.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus for crushing and treating waste such as household appliances such as refrigerators.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, an old refrigerator manufactured in the past,
Freon is used as a refrigerant in home electric appliances such as freezers. Further, a foam material such as polyurethane foam used as a heat insulating material in a refrigerator or a freezer contains a large amount of Freon gas, for example, about four times as large as Freon used as a refrigerant. Therefore, when crushing and treating waste such as home electric appliances such as refrigerators, there is a problem that CFCs contained in the foamed material of the heat insulating material flow out to the outside and are released into the atmosphere.

[0003] For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5-147039 discloses a processing apparatus for simultaneously recovering Freon gas released when processing waste such as home electric appliances such as refrigerators. Here, waste such as household appliances such as refrigerators is crushed at room temperature, and the foamed material in the crushed pieces is collected by wind power separation. It is designed to be crushed. At this time, the gas component is separated and released from the solid resin portion in the finely crushed foam cell, and the Freon gas released here is collected. Further, the foamed material powder from which the chlorofluorocarbon gas has been separated is taken out in a compacted and compacted state by a separate extruder.

Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-147039 discloses an apparatus in which foamed polyurethane heated to a predetermined temperature before pulverization is sent to a pulverizer by a screw conveyor device and pulverized by the pulverizer. I have. here,
By heating to a predetermined temperature before pulverization, the fluorocarbon contained in the foamed polyurethane foam is changed into a gaseous state and the pressure in the foam is increased, and in a state where the foam is easily broken,
By crushing, the chlorofluorocarbon gas in the bubbles is separated from the crushed foamed polyurethane powder. In this apparatus, the separated Freon gas is recovered by a Freon recovery apparatus, and the remaining polyurethane powder is stored in a powder storage tank as it is.

[0005]

In the above-mentioned conventional waste treatment system, the crushed pieces of polyurethane foam are finely pulverized into ultrafine powder, thereby crushing the freon foam cells, thereby reducing the internal freon. Is taken out in an open system, so that ultra-fine urethane powder flutters in the pulverizer, which is filled with Freon gas, and there is a risk of dust explosion. For this reason, it is necessary to fill the crushing device with nonflammable nitrogen gas or the like or to make the peripheral device have an explosion-proof structure, which causes a problem that the equipment cost of the entire system of the waste treatment device is increased.

Further, in the conventional waste treatment apparatus, all functions such as a waste crushing apparatus, a foam material crushing apparatus, a CFC gas recovery apparatus, and an extruder for removing foam material powder are separated. Therefore, there is also a problem that the entire system of the waste disposal apparatus becomes large, and the equipment cost is further increased.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to simultaneously crush and reduce the volume of a heat insulating agent (polyurethane foam) of waste such as home appliances such as refrigerators and collect Freon. It is another object of the present invention to provide a waste treatment apparatus which is highly safe, has a plurality of functions integrated, can be reduced in size, and can reduce equipment costs.

[0008]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waste treatment apparatus in which a crusher for crushing crushed waste is provided in a material supply section of an extruder. Control means for adjusting the screw rotation speed of the extruder according to the supply pressure state of the crushed material supplied to the material supply unit and controlling the feed rate of the extruded material in the extruder to be constant is provided. Waste treatment equipment. According to the first aspect of the present invention, the crusher is arranged in the material supply section of the extruder, the crusher and the extruder are integrated, and the crusher and the extruding screw are brought close to each other, so that the crushed pieces by the crusher are removed. The extruded screw is filled with crushed pieces by the feeding force. At this time, the crushing machine supplies a crushing material into which a foam material, a metal piece such as an iron plate, a plastic sheet such as ABS, an aluminum foil, an electric wire of a motor, and the like are mixed. Then, by adjusting the screw rotation speed of the extruder according to the supply pressure state of the crushed material and controlling the feed amount of the extruded material in the extruder to be constant, the bulk density of the extruded material in the screw is increased, The supply of the extruded material can be stabilized.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waste treatment apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the crusher is attached to a plurality of rotating shafts arranged in parallel with each other and a crushing device for each rotating shaft. A drive means for driving each of the extruders, and an adjusting means for adjusting the screw rotation speed of the extruder based on a detection signal from a load cell for shaft load detection attached to the rotating shaft. It is configured. According to the second aspect of the present invention, during the operation of the crusher, the screw rotation speed of the extruder is adjusted by the adjusting means based on a detection signal from a load cell for detecting a shaft load attached to the rotating shaft of the crusher. Thus, the feed amount of the extruded material in the extruder is controlled to be constant.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a barrel groove extending along the rotation axis direction of the screw is formed on an inner peripheral surface of a barrel hole of the extruder of the waste treatment apparatus according to the first aspect. The configuration is as follows. According to the third aspect of the present invention, when the crushed material crushed by the crusher is supplied to the material supply section of the extruder, the crushed material is rotated by the rotation of the screw of the extruder rotating in the barrel hole of the barrel of the extruder. The crushed material passes through the space between the screw and the inner peripheral surface of the barrel hole and is sequentially extruded downstream. At this time, part of the crushed material is inserted into the barrel groove on the inner peripheral surface of the barrel hole of the barrel of the extruder,
The crushed material is shredded between the screw and the barrel groove on the inner peripheral surface of the barrel hole, thereby increasing the material feeding efficiency and stabilizing the material. Further, the foaming cell is broken by a part of the foaming material in the crushed material by the compressing action and the kneading action in the extruder, and the gas component is separated and released from the solid resin portion in the foaming cell.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the extruder of the waste disposal apparatus according to the first aspect is disposed in the middle of a conveying path of an extruded material extruded by rotation of a screw driven to rotate in a barrel. The first vent port is connected to a second vent port disposed on the opposite side to the first vent port with respect to the material supply unit along the conveying path of the extruded material, and the extrusion is performed. The apparatus is provided with a gas component collecting means for collecting gas components emitted from the extruded material supplied into the machine. According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the extruded material extruded from the extruder undergoes a compression action and a kneading action as the screw of the extruder rotates. As a result, the foam cell of the foam material in the extruded material is destroyed, the gas component is separated and released from the solid resin portion in the foam cell, and the remaining extruded material is compressed and reduced in volume downstream. Extruded to the side. At this time, a gas component released from the extruded material extruded by the rotation of the screw rotationally driven in the barrel of the extruder is supplied to a first vent port provided in the middle of the extruded material conveying path; Suction to the outside from the second vent port disposed on the side opposite to the first vent port with respect to the supply unit, and gas component recovery from the first vent port and the second vent port It is intended to be collected by means.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the gas component collecting means of the waste treatment apparatus according to the fourth aspect is constituted by a CFC gas collecting means for collecting CFCs discharged from the extruded material supplied into the extruder. It was done. And
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the foaming cell is destroyed by the compression action and the kneading action in the extruder, and the CFC gas separated and released from the solid resin portion in the foaming cell is distributed in the middle of the extruded material conveying path. The first vent port provided and the second vent port disposed on the side opposite to the first vent port with respect to the material supply unit are respectively suctioned to the outside, and these first vent ports are sucked.
And the second vent port collects the gas component in the gas component collecting means.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the extruder of the waste disposal apparatus according to the fourth aspect is arranged such that a direction of a screw thread in the screw is provided at a portion between the first vent port and the material supply section. The positive screw part in the forward rotation direction is disposed on the material supply part side, the reverse screw part in the direction of the screw thread in the reverse rotation direction on the screw is disposed on the first vent port side, and the forward screw part and the A stagnation preventing portion formed by a smooth ring having no thread is provided between the reverse screw portion and the reverse screw portion. According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the extruded material supplied from the material supply unit into the extruder undergoes a compression action and a kneading action by rotation of the screw in the barrel of the extruder. At this time, the extruded material is gradually compressed to a high pressure state when passing through the positive screw section on the material supply section side, and reaches the maximum pressure state immediately before the smooth ring of the stagnation prevention section. Furthermore, when the extruded material compressed to a high pressure state is extruded from the main screw portion to the reverse screw portion side of the first vent port side via the stagnation preventing portion, the pressure is released. As a result, the gas component in the extruded material that has been compressed to a high pressure state expands rapidly, breaks the foam cells of the foam material in the extruded material, and is separated and released from the solid resin portion in the foam cells. . At this time, the metal material etc. in the extruded material stays at the boundary between the forward screw section and the reverse screw section due to the smooth ring having no thread of the stagnation prevention section between the forward screw section and the reverse screw section. Thus, the flow of the extruded material is prevented from being blocked.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 (A), 1 (B) and 5. FIG. 1A and 1B show a waste treatment apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment. A single-screw extruder 2 is provided in the waste treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment.

FIG. 2 shows the internal structure of the single screw extruder 2. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 3 denotes a barrel of the single-screw extruder 2 according to the present embodiment, and reference numeral 4 denotes a single-screw screw provided in the screw insertion hole 3a of the barrel 3.
Here, a material supply section 5 is arranged on one end side of the barrel 3 and a discharge section 6 for extruded products is arranged on the other end side.
A crusher 7 for crushing the crushed waste is provided in the material supply section 5 of the single-screw extruder 2 of the present embodiment, and a pelletizer 8 is provided in the discharge section 6.

FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of the crusher 7.
FIG. 3B is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part showing a connecting portion between the material supply unit 5 and the crusher 7 of the extruder 2, and FIG.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV. The crusher 7 is provided with a hopper 9 into which pulverized products obtained by pulverizing waste such as household appliances such as refrigerators, and a crushing mechanism 10 disposed below the hopper 9 are provided. I have. Here, the crushing mechanism 1
Numeral 0 is integrally attached to the material supply section 5 of the extruder 2.

The crushing mechanism 10 includes a housing 11.
Inside, two rotating shafts 12 and 13 are arranged in parallel.
These rotating shafts 12 and 13 are rotatably supported by bearings 14 respectively.

Further, each of the rotating shafts 12 and 13 has a structure shown in FIG.
As shown in (A) and (B), a large number of crushers 15 are arranged in the axial direction of each of the rotating shafts 12 and 13. Each crushing tool 15
As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of, in this embodiment, eight rotary blades 15b are juxtaposed at equal intervals on the outer peripheral surface of a disk-shaped base member 15a. Here, the two rotating shafts 12 and 13
The crushing tools 15 are arranged such that the rotary blades 15b of the crushing tools 15 mesh with each other.

As shown in FIG. 1A, a drive motor (drive means) 16 for the crusher 7 is disposed near the single screw extruder 2. The driving force of the driving motor 16 is transmitted to the crusher 7 via a power transmission mechanism such as a belt mechanism, and the two rotating shafts 12 and 13 are moved in opposite directions, for example, as shown by arrows in FIG. The left rotating shaft 12 is driven to rotate clockwise, and the right rotating shaft 13 is driven to rotate counterclockwise. When the crushing machine 7 is driven, crushed products obtained by crushing waste such as household appliances such as refrigerators are put into the hopper 9, and the crushing tools 15 that rotate together with the rotary shafts 12 and 13 rotate. The waste pulverized product is further finely crushed and compulsorily packed into the material supply section 5 of the extruder 2.

In the barrel 3 of the single-screw extruder 2, a first vent is provided in the conveying path of the extruded material extruded by the rotation of the screw 4 between the material supply section 5 and the extruded product discharge section 6. A mouth 17 is provided. Further, the first side of the material supply unit 5 is provided on the upstream side of the conveying path of the extruded material in the barrel 3.
A second vent port (rear vent port) 18 disposed on the opposite side of the vent port 17 is provided.

The first vent port 17 and the second vent port 18 are connected to each other via a connection pipe 19 for suction. Further, one end of a suction pipe 20 is connected to the connection pipe 19. The other end of the suction pipe 20 is connected to a gas recovery device (Freon gas recovery means) 21 which is a gas component recovery means for recovering gas components such as CFCs discharged from the extruded material supplied into the extruder 2. ing.

In the screw 4 of the single-screw extruder 2 of this embodiment, the direction of the screw thread (screw flight) 4a of the screw 4 in the forward rotation direction is on the upstream side and the downstream side of the conveying path of the extruded material. Screw parts 22 and 23 are arranged, respectively. Here, the screw groove 4b on the upstream side of the main screw part 22 disposed on the material supply part 5 side is set to be large enough to carry the crushed product (extruded material) finely crushed by the crusher 7. Have been.

Further, just before the downstream positive screw portion 23, a screw thread (screw flight) 4 of the screw 4 is formed.
A reverse screw portion 24 in which the direction a is in the reverse rotation direction is arranged.

Here, the upstream front screw portion 22 and the reverse screw portion 24 are connected to the first vent port 1 in the barrel 3.
7 and a portion corresponding to a portion between the material supply unit 5. Further, between the upstream front screw portion 22 and the reverse screw portion 24, a stagnation prevention portion 25 formed of a smooth ring having no screw thread (screw flight) is provided.

The barrel 3 of the single-screw extruder 2 of this embodiment is provided with a grooved barrel 26 at a position near the material supply section 5. As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of barrel grooves 27 extend in the grooved barrel 26 along the axial direction of the screw 4 on the inner peripheral surface of a barrel hole 26a for accommodating the screw 4. Here, the plurality of barrel grooves 27 are formed in the barrel hole 2.
6a are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface.

Further, a water cooling jacket 28 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the grooved barrel 26. Then, by flowing cooling water through the water cooling jacket 28, the extruded material that is constantly cooled and is supplied to the material supply unit 5 while preventing heat generation in the material supply unit 5 of the extruder 2 is supplied to the material supply unit 5. Melting is prevented at the part.

A barrel heater 29 for adjusting the temperature and the like are mounted on the downstream side of the barrel 3 of the extruder 2. During the operation of the extruder 2, temperature control is performed to control the temperature inside the extruder 2 to be constant at about 150 to 250 ° C. in consideration of the thermosetting urethane foam which is a part of the feed material. It has become.

Further, in the waste treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the rotation speed of the screw 4 of the extruder 2 is adjusted according to the supply pressure state of the crushed material supplied from the crusher 7 to the material supply section 5. A controller (control means) 30 shown in FIG. 5 for controlling the feed amount of the extruded material in the extruder 2 to be constant is provided. The drive motor 31 of the screw 4 of the extruder 2 is connected to the controller 30.

Further, a load cell 32 for detecting a shaft load is attached to one rotating shaft 13 of the crusher 7. The load cell 32 is connected to the controller 30. The controller 30 controls the drive motor 3 of the screw 4 based on the detection signal from the load cell 32.
By controlling 1, the rotation speed of the screw 4 of the extruder 2 is adjusted, and the feed amount of the extruded material in the extruder 2 is controlled to be constant.

Next, the operation of the above configuration will be described.
During operation of the waste treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the crusher 7
A crushed product obtained by crushing waste such as household appliances such as a refrigerator is put into the hopper 9. Here, the pulverized product of the waste to be input is selected in advance by air. In this wind selection operation, when a constant-speed wind is sent from below to the waste pulverized product, a heavy pulverized product that falls and a light pulverized product that does not fall are sorted and collected. Then, the lightly pulverized product selected here is put into the hopper 9 of the crusher 7 of the present embodiment.

In addition, among the lightly pulverized products selected in the wind, foamed materials such as polyurethane foam which is a thermosetting resin, ABS sheets and PS sheets which are thermoplastic resins, and metal sheets such as iron plates are included. Pieces, aluminum foil, motor wires, wires, etc. are mixed. Here, the crushed pieces of the polyurethane foam have a small bulk density ρ of about 0.03. Then, the crushed product of the waste put into the hopper 9 of the crusher 7 is guided to the crushing mechanism 10 below the hopper 9.

When the crusher 7 is driven, the crushing mechanism 1
The two rotating shafts 12 and 13 are driven to rotate in opposite directions, for example, as shown by arrows in FIG. 4, the left rotating shaft 12 rotates clockwise and the right rotating shaft 13 rotates counterclockwise. Is done. Then, with the rotation of each crushing tool 15 that rotates together with each of the rotating shafts 12 and 13, the crushed waste product is further finely crushed and forcibly packed into the material supply unit 5 of the extruder 2. During the crushing of the crushed waste product by the crusher 7, a part of the foaming cells of the foaming material in the extruded material is destroyed, and the fluorocarbon gas, which is a gas component, is separated and released from the solid resin part in the foaming cells. You. This Freon gas is sucked and collected by the second vent port 18 side.

Further, the extruded material of the fine crushed product sent from the crusher 7 to the material supply section 5 of the extruder 2 is supplied into the barrel 3. Here, the extruded material supplied to the inside of the barrel 3 is screwed (screw flight) in the positive screw portion 22 of the screw 4 as the screw 4 rotates.
Screw groove 4b between barrel 4a and screw insertion hole 3 of barrel 3
a through the space surrounded by the inner peripheral surface of the screw 4, the stagnation prevention portion 25 on the downstream side from the normal screw portion 22 of the screw 4,
It is sequentially transferred to the reverse screw part 24 and the forward screw part 23 side.

The extruded material is gradually compressed in the process of being transferred from the main screw section 22 of the material supply section 5 to the stagnation preventing section 25, and during this time, the barrel 3 is heated from the outside and the screw 4 is heated. The mixture is kneaded in a state of being heated by internal heat generated by a shearing action due to rotation. At this time, the urethane foam of the foamed material in the extruded material is compressed as it is because it is difficult to melt with the thermosetting resin. At this time, the remaining extruded material other than the foamed material is also extruded downstream in a compressed state.

Further, a part of the extruded material passing through the front screw portion 22 of the screw 4 is inserted into the barrel groove 27 on the inner peripheral surface of the barrel hole 26a of the grooved barrel 26 of the extruder 2, and the screw 4 and the barrel hole 26a are formed. The extruded material is cut between the inner peripheral surface and the barrel groove 27. Thereby, the feeding efficiency of the extruded material can be increased, and the feeding operation of the extruded material can be stabilized. At this time, the destruction of the foam cells is promoted by a part of the foam material in the extruded material, and the CFC gas is slightly separated and released.

The extruded material extruded downstream from the front screw portion 22 on the upstream side of the screw 4 is retained by the stagnation preventing portion 25.
And is sent to the reverse screw portion 24 side. At this time,
The extruded material passing through the positive screw portion 22 of the screw 4 is gradually compressed to a high pressure state, and reaches a maximum pressure state immediately before the smooth ring of the stagnation prevention section 25. Here, the CFCs in the foamed cells of the urethane foam of the foamed material in the compressed extruded material are also compressed.

As for the urethane foam which is a thermosetting resin, a compressed one and a urethane foam which is sent in a state of being supplied to the material supply unit 5 without being compressed are mixed, resulting in a state of warping. ing. Then, the urethane foam, the thermoplastic resin, and the like are extruded downstream in a kneaded state.

At this time, a resin seal is formed by a smooth ring having no thread of the stagnation preventing portion 25 between the forward screw portion 22 and the reverse screw portion 24, and the foamed material in a warped state is directly compressed without being compressed. It is prevented from being sent to the reverse screw portion 24 side without being compressed.

Further, the extruded material which has been compressed to a high pressure state in the downstream portion of the main screw portion 22 is extruded from the main screw portion 22 through the stagnation prevention portion 25 to the reverse screw portion 24 side of the first vent port 17 side. Pressure is released. As a result, the CFC, which is a gas component remaining in the foam cells of the foam material in the extruded material that has been compressed to a high pressure, rapidly expands and breaks out of the foam cells of the foam material, jumps out, and solids in the foam cells. Is separated and released from the resin part. This Freon gas is sucked into the first vent port 17 and collected.

The forward screw portion 22 and the reverse screw portion 2
The metal material in the extruded material stays at the boundary between the forward screw portion 24 and the reverse screw portion 25 by the smooth ring having no thread of the stay preventing portion 25 between the extruded material and the flow of the extruded material. Blocking is prevented.

The Freon gas sucked and collected by the first vent port 17 is collected together with the Freon gas sucked and collected by the second vent port 18 together with the suction connecting pipe 1.
9. The liquid is sequentially sent to the gas recovery device 21 via the suction pipe 20 and liquefied and recovered. Thus, the first vent port 17
By joining the vacuum system on the side of the second vent port 18 with the vacuum system on the side of the second vent port 18, it is possible to collect approximately 100% of CFC gas in a completely closed system.

The gas recovery device 21 sucks Freon gas by a vacuum pump, and is a liquefaction device (not shown) installed in the middle of the suction line 20 to cool the gas to about -20 ° or less and collect and coagulate it. ing. Furthermore, a vacuum cold trap is used for this condensation and recovery system, and high-concentration saline solution or dry ice is put into ethyl alcohol or the like as a refrigerant, kept at -20 ° C or lower, and condenses Freon gas to form a liquid. The method of collecting is adopted.

The extruded material having passed through the reverse screw portion 24 flows into the downstream front screw portion 23. In this positive screw portion 23, the solid resin portion in the foam cell of the foam material from which the chlorofluorocarbon gas has been removed is extruded downstream while being compressed together with the remaining extruded material other than the foam material. At this time, the thermoplastic resin in the extruded material is melted and kneaded with other components of the extruded material. As a result, the extruded material is further compressed in the main screw portion 23 and extruded downstream in a reduced volume state. Then, the rod-shaped RDF is supplied from the discharge unit 6 to the pelletizer 8 and is a solid fuel for a thermal power plant as an extruded product. here,
According to the waste treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the CFC content of the crushed product can be reduced to 0.1%, and the bulk density ρ of the crushed product before processing the foamed material such as polyurethane foam is ρ = From about 0.03, the bulk density ρ can be reduced to about 0.9.

In the present embodiment, the waste treatment apparatus 1
During the operation of, the detection signal from the load cell 32 for detecting the axial load attached to the rotating shaft 13 of the crusher 15 of the crusher 7 is input to the controller 30. The drive motor 31 of the screw 4 of the extruder 2 is controlled by the controller 30 based on the detection signal from the load cell 32,
The rotation speed of the screw 4 of the extruder 2 is adjusted.

Therefore, the above configuration has the following effects. That is, in the waste treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the crusher 7 is disposed in the material supply section 5 of the extruder 2 and the crusher 7 and the extruder 2 are integrated.
And the extrusion screw 4 of the extruder 2 can be arranged close to each other. Therefore, a foaming material such as polyurethane foam which is a thermosetting resin and A which is a thermoplastic resin are formed in the extrusion screw 4 of the extruder 2 by a feed force of the crushed pieces by the crushing machine 7.
In addition to plastic sheets such as BS sheets and PS pieces, metal pieces such as iron plates, aluminum foil, motor wires, wires and other crushed pieces mixed with wire can be filled,
The bulk density in the screw 4 can be increased, and the supply of the extruded material can be stabilized.

Further, in this embodiment, during operation of the waste treatment apparatus 1, a detection signal from a load cell 32 for detecting a shaft load attached to the rotating shaft 13 of the crushing tool 15 of the crusher 7 is input to the controller 30. The controller 30 controls the drive motor 31 of the screw 4 of the extruder 2 based on the detection signal from the load cell 32 to adjust the rotation speed of the screw 4 of the extruder 2. For this reason, the above-mentioned extruded material, which was conventionally difficult to be supplied into the extruding screw 4 of the extruder 2, is stably supplied to the extruder 2 of the waste treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, and a thermosetting resin is used. Since the process of recovering CFCs from foam materials such as polyurethane foam can be performed stably in large quantities,
It is not necessary to fill the non-combustible nitrogen gas or the like in the pulverizing apparatus as in the related art, and it is not necessary to make peripheral devices have an explosion-proof structure.

In this embodiment, since the grooved barrel 26 is provided in the barrel 3 of the single-screw extruder 2 in the vicinity of the material supply section 5, one of the extruded materials passing through the front screw section 22 of the screw 4 can be used. The extruded material is inserted into the barrel groove 27 on the inner peripheral surface of the barrel hole 26a of the grooved barrel 26 of the extruder 2, and the extruded material is drawn between the screw 4 and the barrel groove 27 on the inner peripheral surface of the barrel hole 26a. Can be cut. As a result, a part of the foam material in the extruded material promotes the destruction of the foam cells, and the fluorocarbon gas in the foam material can be slightly separated and released, while increasing the material feeding efficiency and stabilizing the feeding. Bring about.

In the screw 4 of the single-screw extruder 2 of this embodiment, the direction of the screw thread (screw flight) 4a of the screw 4 in the forward rotation direction is on the upstream side and the downstream side of the extruded material conveying path. The screw parts 22 and 23 are respectively arranged, and the screw 4 is disposed immediately before the downstream positive screw part 23.
In this example, the reverse screw portion 24 having the reverse rotation direction of the screw thread (screw flight) 4a is arranged, and there is no screw thread (screw flight) between the upstream normal screw portion 22 and the reverse screw portion 24. A stagnation preventing portion 25 formed by a simple ring is provided. Then, after the extruded material passing through the positive screw portion 22 of the screw 4 is gradually compressed to a high pressure state, the extruded material that has been compressed to a high pressure state passes through the first screw portion 22 via the stagnation preventing portion 25 and the first material.
Is a gas component remaining in the foam cell of the foam material in the extruded material that has been compressed to a high pressure state by releasing the pressure when the material is extruded to the reverse screw portion 24 side of the vent port 17 side. The freon gas can be rapidly expanded to break the foamed cells of the foamed material and cause the foamed cells to fly out. Therefore, due to the change in pressure of the extruded material, the fluorocarbon gas can be reliably separated and released from the solid resin portion in the foam cell of the foam material, and the fluorocarbon gas can be effectively recovered.

Further, a boundary between the forward screw portion 24 and the reverse screw portion 25 is formed on the boundary between the forward screw portion 24 and the reverse screw portion 25 by a smooth ring having no thread of the stagnation preventing portion 25 between the forward screw portion 22 and the reverse screw portion 24. Of the extruded material can be prevented from being blocked by the stagnation of the metal material. If there is no smooth ring of the stagnation preventing portion 25 at the boundary between the forward screw portion 24 and the reverse screw portion 25, the boundary between the forward screw portion 24 and the reverse screw portion 25 has The metal material or the like stays and accumulates, and the flow of the extruded material is completely blocked with the passage of time. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the flow of the extruded material can be smoothly held by the smooth ring of the stagnation preventing portion 25 at the boundary between the forward screw portion 24 and the reverse screw portion 25, and the single-screw extruder 2 Can be operated stably.

In this embodiment, the main screw portion 22
Since the resin feed is braked by a smooth ring having no thread of the stagnation preventing portion 25 between the screw portion 24 and the reverse screw portion 24 and a resin seal is formed, the foamed material in a loose state is compressed without being compressed. It is prevented from being fed to the reverse screw part 24 side without being performed. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the foam material in a loose state without being compressed from being sucked into the first vent port 17 side without being compressed as it is, thereby preventing the recovery of the CFC gas from being hindered.

Further, in this embodiment, the crusher 7 and the extruder 2 are integrated into a waste treatment apparatus 1 to crush a foam material (polyurethane foam) which is a heat insulating agent for waste such as household appliances such as refrigerators. Since the volume reduction and the CFC recovery can be performed at the same time, a plurality of functions can be integrated to reduce the size of the entire system of the waste disposal apparatus 1 and reduce the equipment cost.

In the present embodiment, since the temperature of the extruder 2 is adjusted, the temperature inside the extruder 2 is set to 150 ° C.
It can be controlled at a temperature in an appropriate range of about 250 ° C. Therefore, the decomposition of the urethane foam proceeds as in the case where the temperature rises above the appropriate range, and the generation of gases such as hydrogen chloride, cyan, and ammonia can be prevented, and the temperature is kept at a low temperature within the appropriate range. It is possible to prevent a situation in which it is difficult to recover a sufficient amount of CFC gas as in the case.

FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the configuration of the waste disposal apparatus 1 of the first embodiment (see FIGS. 1A, 1B and 5) is changed as follows.

That is, in this embodiment, a pressure sensor 41 is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the grooved barrel 26 in the material supply section 5 of the extruder 2, and the first pressure sensor 41 is provided based on a detection signal detected by the pressure sensor 41. By controlling the drive motor 31 of the screw 4 by the controller 30 in the same manner as in the embodiment, the rotation speed of the screw 4 of the extruder 2 is adjusted, and the feed amount of the extruded material in the extruder 2 is controlled to be constant. It was done.

Therefore, in this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, a foaming material such as polyurethane foam, which is a thermosetting resin, is placed in the extrusion screw 4 of the extruder 2 by the feed force of the crushed pieces by the crusher 7. In addition to plastic sheets such as ABS sheets and PS pieces which are thermoplastic resins, metal pieces such as iron plates, aluminum foil, motor wires, wires and the like, can be filled with crushed pieces. The bulk density in the inside can be increased, and the supply of the extruded material can be stabilized.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, waste treatment including a foaming material such as urethane foam containing gaseous gases other than CFCs can be performed. Further, it goes without saying that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0057]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a crusher for crushing a crushed waste product is supplied from the crusher of the waste treatment apparatus provided in the material supply section of the extruder to the material supply section. Control means for controlling the screw rotation speed of the extruder in accordance with the supply pressure of the crushed material to control the feed rate of the extruded material in the extruder to a constant value. Simultaneous crushing, volume reduction, and chlorofluorocarbon recovery of heat insulating agent (polyurethane foam), high safety, and miniaturization by integrating multiple functions.
Equipment costs can be reduced.

According to the invention of claim 2, during the operation of the crusher, the screw rotation speed of the extruder is adjusted by the adjusting means based on the detection signal from the load cell for detecting the shaft load attached to the rotary shaft of the crusher. By doing so, the feed amount of the extruded material in the extruder can be controlled to be constant.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, when the crushed material crushed by the crusher is supplied to the material supply section of the extruder,
A part of the crushed material is inserted into the barrel groove on the inner peripheral surface of the barrel hole of the extruder barrel, and the crushed material is cut apart between the screw and the barrel groove on the inner peripheral surface of the barrel hole, whereby the material is cut. Feed efficiency and stabilization can be achieved.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the gas component discharged from the extruded material extruded by the rotation of the screw rotationally driven in the barrel of the extruder is disposed in the middle of the extruded material conveying path. The first vent port and the second vent port disposed on the side opposite to the first vent port with respect to the material supply unit are respectively sucked to the outside, and these first vent port and the first vent port are sucked. 2 and can be collected by the gas component collection means.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the foaming cell is destroyed by the compressing action and the kneading action in the extruder, and the CFC gas separated and released from the solid resin portion in the foaming cell is transferred to the extruded material conveying path. A first vent port provided in the middle of the first supply port and a second vent port disposed on the opposite side to the first vent port with respect to the material supply section respectively suck out to the outside. The gas can be recovered by the gas component recovery means from the first vent port and the second vent port.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the extruded material supplied from the material supply unit into the extruder is subjected to a compressing action and a kneading action by the rotation of the screw in the barrel of the extruder, and the extruded material is supplied to the extruder. The pressure is gradually compressed to a high pressure state when passing through the positive screw section on the side, and reaches the maximum pressure state immediately before the smooth ring of the stagnation prevention section. Further, the extruded material that has been compressed to a high pressure state passes through the first screw portion, passes through the stagnation prevention portion, and then enters the first material.
The pressure is released when it is pushed out to the reverse screw part side of the vent port side. As a result, the gas component in the extruded material that has been compressed to a high pressure state expands rapidly, breaks the foam cells of the foam material in the extruded material, and is separated and released from the solid resin portion in the foam cells. . At this time, the metal material etc. in the extruded material stays at the boundary between the forward screw section and the reverse screw section due to the smooth ring having no thread of the stagnation prevention section between the forward screw section and the reverse screw section. Thus, the flow of the extruded material can be prevented from being blocked.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention;
(A) is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of the entire waste treatment apparatus,
(B) is the same side view.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a schematic configuration inside the waste disposal apparatus according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 shows a crusher in the waste treatment apparatus according to the first embodiment, where (A) is a cross-sectional view of the crusher and (B).
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part showing a connection part between a material supply unit of the extruder and a crusher.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a connection state of a controller that adjusts a screw rotation speed of the extruder according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view illustrating a main configuration of a waste disposal apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 Single screw extruder 3 Barrel 4 Screw 5 Material supply section 7 Crusher 30 Controller (control means)

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Kenya Shinozaki 2068-3 Ooka, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka Pref. Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yoshiyuki Sakai 2068-3 Ooka, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka Pref. Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Katsuichi Tanaka 2068-3 Ooka, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka Pref. Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Tomiaki Furuya 8 Shinsugita-cho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Pref. Toshiba Yokohama Works Co., Ltd. 8, Shinsugita-cho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama-shi, Japan Inside the Toshiba Yokohama Office (72) Inventor Yutaka Kawamura 1-1-1, Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Inside the head office of Toshiba Corporation (72) Inventor Toshio Ichihashi Yokohama, Kanagawa 2-4 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Ichiba F-term in Toshiba Keihin Works (reference) 3F040 AA02 BA01 CA01 CA02 CA03 DA00 EA01 4D0 04 AA22 BA06 CA03 CA04 CA50 CB13 CB16 CB28 CB50 DA01 DA02 DA04 4D065 CA12 CB02 CC01 CC08 DD08 EB14 EC07 ED13 ED35 ED50 4F301 AA29 BA21 BE18 BE29 BF02 BF08 BF11 BF16

Claims (6)

[Claims] A crusher for crushing a crushed waste product is a waste treatment device provided in a material supply section of an extruder, wherein a crusher for crushing material supplied to the material supply section from the crusher is provided. A waste treatment apparatus comprising a control means for controlling a screw rotation speed of the extruder in accordance with a supply pressure state to control a feed rate of an extruded material in the extruder to be constant. 2. The crushing machine includes a crushing tool attached to each of a plurality of rotating shafts arranged in parallel, and a driving unit that drives each of the crushing tools on each rotating shaft to rotate. 2. The waste treatment according to claim 1, further comprising adjusting means for adjusting a screw rotation speed of the extruder based on a detection signal from a load cell for shaft load detection attached to the rotating shaft. apparatus. 3. The extruder is characterized in that a barrel groove extending along the rotation axis direction of the screw is formed on an inner peripheral surface of a barrel hole of a barrel accommodating a screw driven to rotate. The waste disposal device according to claim 1, wherein 4. An extruder comprising: a first vent port provided in the middle of a conveying path of an extruded material extruded by rotation of a screw rotationally driven in a barrel; Along with the material supply unit, the first vent port is connected to a second vent port disposed on the opposite side to connect the gas component released from the extruded material supplied into the extruder. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a gas component collecting means for collecting. 5. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the gas component collecting means is a Freon gas collecting means for collecting Freon gas discharged from the extruded material supplied into the extruder. . 6. The extruder further comprises a positive screw part having a screw thread in a forward rotation direction at a part between the first vent port and the material supply part, the screw part having a forward rotation direction. A reverse screw portion in which the direction of the screw thread in the screw is in the reverse rotation direction is arranged on the first vent port side, respectively, and the smooth screw ring having no screw thread between the forward screw portion and the reverse screw portion. The waste treatment device according to claim 4, further comprising a stagnation prevention unit formed by: