JP5738898B2 - 二酸化マンガンを含む触媒電極を有する電気化学電池を製造する方法 - Google Patents
二酸化マンガンを含む触媒電極を有する電気化学電池を製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5738898B2 JP5738898B2 JP2012551260A JP2012551260A JP5738898B2 JP 5738898 B2 JP5738898 B2 JP 5738898B2 JP 2012551260 A JP2012551260 A JP 2012551260A JP 2012551260 A JP2012551260 A JP 2012551260A JP 5738898 B2 JP5738898 B2 JP 5738898B2
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- catalyst
- electrode
- oxygen
- manganese
- reaction
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 188
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 47
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 47
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 manganese (II) compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 46
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 8
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- JYLNVJYYQQXNEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(CN)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 JYLNVJYYQQXNEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910018337 Mn(C2 H3 O2)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011530 conductive current collector Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- MSJMDZAOKORVFC-SEPHDYHBSA-L disodium fumarate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O MSJMDZAOKORVFC-SEPHDYHBSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019294 sodium fumarate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 5-[(1r)-1-hydroxy-2-[4-[(2r)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-1-oxo-3h-2-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-4-methyl-3h-2-benzofuran-1-one Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OCC2=C(C)C([C@@H](O)CN2CCN(CC2)C[C@H](O)C2=CC=C3C(=O)OCC3=C2C)=C1 OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003855 Adhesive Lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004812 Fluorinated ethylene propylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese(2+) Chemical class [Mn+2] WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001656823 Ornithostaphylos Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].OOO Chemical compound [Ni].OOO OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOPYZMJAIPBUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[Mn+4] Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Mn+4] GOPYZMJAIPBUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- OZOAXHQNOFIFGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Mn+2].[Mn+2] OZOAXHQNOFIFGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000483 nickel oxide hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920009441 perflouroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009824 pressure lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8875—Methods for shaping the electrode into free-standing bodies, like sheets, films or grids, e.g. moulding, hot-pressing, casting without support, extrusion without support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
- C01P2002/54—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants one element only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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Description
(a)水を含む溶媒と、そのカチオンが反応において還元されない酸化剤と、そのアニオンが反応において酸化又は還元されない還元剤との混合物中で65℃未満での酸化還元反応を通じて酸素還元触媒を調製する段階であって、酸化剤が、この溶媒に不溶な成分を含まず、還元剤が、この溶媒に不溶な成分を含まず、かつ酸化剤と還元剤とのうちの少なくとも1つが、マンガンを含む前記酸素還元触媒を調製する段階と、
(b)触媒を沈殿させる段階と、
(c)触媒を含有する触媒混合物を調製する段階と、
(d)触媒混合物を触媒層に形成する段階と、
(e)触媒層を含む触媒電極を調製する段階と、
(f)酸素流入ポートを有するハウジング内で触媒電極と対極及び電解質とを触媒電極の触媒層と対極の間にセパレータを有して組み合わせる段階であって、触媒電極が、空気流入ポートを通じて電池に流入する空気に対してアクセス可能である前記組み合わせる段階と、
を含む。
・反応が45℃未満、好ましくは35℃未満、より好ましくは30℃未満の温度で行われる。
・反応が0℃よりも高く、好ましくは15℃よりも高い温度で行われる。
・反応が20℃から25℃で起こる。
・酸化剤が、水溶性過マンガン酸塩化合物、好ましくは、過マンガンカリウム及び過マンガン酸ナトリウムの少なくとも一方、より好ましくは、過マンガン酸カリウムを含む。
・還元剤が、水溶性マンガン(II)化合物、好ましくは、硫酸マンガン、塩化マンガン、及び酢酸マンガンのうちの少なくとも1つを含む。
・触媒混合物の生成の前に酸中和が行われる。
・触媒混合物の生成の前に酸中和が行われない。
・触媒を調製する段階が、反応混合物の加熱なしに行われる。
・触媒を調製する段階が、反応混合物の冷却を含む。
・触媒を調製する段階が、反応混合物の加熱を含む。
・触媒が、KxMnyOzの分子式を有するマンガン酸化物を含み、式中、x:yが0:1よりも大きく1:4までであり、y:zが1:2から1:4である。
・マンガン酸化物が、水和マンガン酸化物である。
・触媒が、アモルファス構造でもなく基本的にクリプトメレン構造でもない構造を有するマンガン酸化物である。
・マンガン酸化物が、1つが約56の2シータ値を中心とし、1つが約107の2シータ値を中心とする2つの広いX線回折ピークを有する。
・触媒粒子の大部分が、約1:1から2:1のアスペクト比を有し、かつ20nm未満及び好ましくは10nm未満のX線回折から計算した結晶サイズを有する。
・触媒が、マンガン酸化物を含み、基本的に金属を含まない。
・触媒混合物を調製する段階が、触媒を導電材料と混合する段階を含む。
・導電材料が、好ましくは触媒炭素である炭素を含む。
・電気化学電池が、金属空気電池である。
・酸素が、触媒電極で還元される電気化学活物質であり、対極が、電気化学活物質として亜鉛を含む負極であり、電解質が、アルカリ水溶液電解質である。
・電気化学電池が、触媒電極で還元される電気化学活物質として酸素を使用し、対極のための電気化学活物質として別の気体を使用する燃料電池である。
・触媒電極が、酸素透過性かつ電解質不透過性の障壁層を更に含み、障壁層が、触媒層と酸素流入ポートの間に配置される。
(a)0.1グラムの試料を2口フラスコ内に入れ、引き続き1mlのイソプロピルアルコール、次に、1mlの33重量パーセントKOH水溶液、次に、60mlの蒸留水を入れた。
(b)フラスコの1つの口がセプタムで密封され、他の口が、フラスコからの気体によって置換されたオイルの量を測定するためのオイルを収容した目盛付き容器の上部に接続するチューブを取付けた栓で閉止された。
(c)200μlのH2O2が、シリンジを用いてセプタムを通じてフラスコ内に分注された。
(d)置換されたオイルの容積が、置換されたオイル容積での更に別の変化がなくなるまで間隔的に記録された。過酸化水素分解試験の結果は、実施例3A、実施例3B、実施例4、及び実施例7(反応時間24時間)に対して表1に要約されている。実施例1、実施例2、実施例3A(反応時間24時間)、実施例4、実施例5(反応時間24時間)、実施例6(反応時間24時間)、及び実施例7(反応時間24時間)に関する結果は図3に示されており、この図は、秒での時間の関数としての生成酸素のcm3での容積のプロットである。
Claims (13)
- 電気化学電池を製造する方法であって、
(a)水を含む溶媒と、そのカチオンが反応において還元されない酸化剤と、そのアニオンが反応において酸化又は還元されない還元剤とを有する反応混合物中で45℃未満での酸化還元反応を通じて酸素還元触媒を調製する段階であって、該酸素還元触媒は、x:yが、0:1よりも大きく1:4までであり、y:zが、1:2から1:4までである場合にKxMnyOzの分子式を構成するマンガン酸化物と、前記酸素還元触媒の重量を基準として1重量パーセント未満のクリプトメレン型二酸化マンガンとを含む酸素還元触媒を調製する段階であって、該酸化剤が、該溶媒に不溶な成分を含まず、該還元剤が、該溶媒に不溶な成分を含まず、かつ該酸化剤と該還元剤の少なくとも一方がマンガンを含む前記酸素還元触媒を調製する段階、
(b)前記触媒を沈殿させる段階、
(c)前記触媒から触媒混合物を調製する段階、
(d)前記触媒混合物を触媒層に形成する段階、
(e)前記触媒層を含む触媒電極を調製する段階、及び
(f)酸素流入ポートを含むハウジング内で前記触媒電極の前記触媒層と対極との間にセパレータを備えて該触媒電極を該対極及び電解質と組み合わせる段階であって、該触媒電極が、該酸素流入ポートを通って電池に流入する空気に対してアクセス可能である前記組み合わせる段階、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記反応は、35℃未満で起こることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記反応は、0℃よりも高い温度で起こることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化剤は、水溶性過マンガン酸塩化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記還元剤は、水溶性マンガン(II)化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記マンガン酸化物は、1つが56の2シータ値を中心とし、1つが107の2シータ値を中心とする2つの広いX線回折ピークを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒粒子の大部分が、1:1から2:1のアスペクト比を有し、かつX線回折から計算した時に20nm未満の結晶サイズを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒は、マンガン酸化物を含み、かつ金属を含まないことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒混合物を調製する前記段階は、前記触媒を炭素を含む導電材料と混合する段階を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記炭素は、触媒炭素を含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記電気化学電池が、金属空気電池であり、
酸素が、前記触媒電極において還元される電気化学活物質であり、前記対極は、電気化学活物質として亜鉛を含む負極であり、前記電解質は、アルカリ水溶液電解質であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記電気化学電池は、前記触媒電極において還元される電気化学活物質として酸素及び前記対極のための電気化学活物質として別の気体を使用する燃料電池であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化還元触媒は、クリプトメレン型二酸化マンガンを含有しないことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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CN1901261A (zh) * | 2006-07-20 | 2007-01-24 | 复旦大学 | 一种新型的高性能碱性燃料电池 |
ATE518267T1 (de) | 2006-12-27 | 2011-08-15 | Eveready Battery Inc | Verfahren zur herstellung einer elektrochemische zelle mit einer katalytischen elektrode |
JP2008270181A (ja) * | 2007-03-28 | 2008-11-06 | Univ Nagoya | 電極、電極触媒組成物および燃料電池 |
US20090214911A1 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2009-08-27 | Fujikura Ltd. | Direct alcohol fuel cell |
GB2458667A (en) | 2008-03-25 | 2009-09-30 | Nanotecture Ltd | Mesoporous alpha-manganese dioxide |
JP5320819B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-26 | 2013-10-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 空気電池 |
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2011
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CN102742054A (zh) | 2012-10-17 |
US20110189590A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
EP2529435B1 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
EP2529435A1 (en) | 2012-12-05 |
KR20120114383A (ko) | 2012-10-16 |
US8652685B2 (en) | 2014-02-18 |
CN102742054B (zh) | 2014-08-13 |
JP2013518395A (ja) | 2013-05-20 |
WO2011094295A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
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