JP5714175B2 - 平面状加熱素子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
平面状加熱素子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
- F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
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- H01C—RESISTORS
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- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
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Description
基板表面を有し、基板を加熱するための電気的加熱層を有している少なくとも1つの平面状の基板を供給するステップを含み、前記加熱層は少なくとも前記基板表面の一部に亘って延在し、電圧源に接続するために設けられた少なくとも2つの電極と、当該電極間で加熱電流のための電流路が形成されるように接続され、
1つ以上の有利には線状、とりわけ直線状の分離ゾーンによって前記加熱層を電気的に分割するステップを含み、この場合前記分離ゾーンはそれぞれ少なくとも1つの自由ゾーン端部を有しており、さらに前記分離ゾーンは、前記自由ゾーン端部における電流路がその通流方向を変更するように構成されており、
有利には線状、特に直線状の移行ゾーンを生成するステップを含み、前記移行ゾーンはそれぞれ前記自由ゾーン端部に接続され、それにより前記加熱層の導電率は、とりわけ前記自由ゾーン端部の方へ向かって前記加熱層の層厚さが減少することにより、特に連続的に、例えば線形的に低減されるようになる。
以下では本発明を添付の図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。なおこれらの図面では必ずしも縮尺通りに示されているわけではなく、簡素化されたものもある。
まず図3に基づいて、全体として参照番号101の付された従来方式による平面状加熱素子を説明する。この平面状加熱素子101は、電気的な加熱層103が被着された基板102を含んでいる。この加熱層103は、直線的な分離ゾーン104(分離ライン)によって電気的に遮断されている。この場合前記加熱層103は、蛇行状又はS字状の連続した構造によって形成されており、2つの接続電極106,106′からなる2つの端部において電気的に接触接続されている。そのため前記接続電極106,106′に加熱電流を給電するための蛇行状に屈曲された電流路105が形成される。この加熱電流により、前記平面状加熱素子は加熱される。ここでの分離ゾーン104は、それぞれ、加熱層102内に自由ゾーン端部108を有している。
2 基板
3 加熱層
4 支持体
5 分離ゾーン
6 電流路
7 移行ゾーン
8、8′ 接続電極
9 変更ゾーン
10 自由ゾーン端部
11,11′ 第1の基板縁部
12,12′ 第2の基板縁部
13 基板表面
101 平面状加熱素子
102 基板
103 加熱層
104 分離ゾーン
105 電流路
106,106′ 接続電極
107 変更ゾーン
108 自由ゾーン端部
109 ホットスポット
Claims (11)
- 平面状加熱素子(1)であって、
基板表面(13)を有する少なくとも1つの基板(2)を含み、
前記基板(2)を加熱するために導電性材料(2)からなる電気的加熱層(3)を含み、
前記加熱層(3)は、少なくとも前記基板表面(13)の一部に亘って延在し、電圧源への接続のために設けられた少なくとも2つの電極(8,8′)と、当該電極(8,8′)間で加熱電流のための電流路(6)が形成されるように接続されており、
1つ若しくは複数の分離ゾーン(5)を含み、
前記分離ゾーン(5)は、前記加熱層(3)を電気的に分割されており、前記分離ゾーン(5)はそれぞれ少なくとも1つの自由ゾーン端部(10)を有しており、さらに前記分離ゾーン(5)は、前記自由ゾーン端部(10)における前記電流路(6)の通流方向が変化するように構成されており、ここで前記自由ゾーン端部(10)において前記各分離ゾーン(5)には、それぞれ1つの移行ゾーン(7)が接続されており、前記移行ゾーン(7)は、前記加熱層(3)の導電率が前記自由ゾーン端部(10)の方へ向けて低減するように構成されていることを特徴とする平面状加熱素子(1)。 - 前記移行ゾーン(7)は、前記電流路(6)の延在方向に対して垂直方向で測定される前記電流路(6)幅の少なくとも半分の長さに相当する長さを有している、請求項1記載の平面状加熱素子(1)。
- 前記移行ゾーン(7)において、前記加熱層(3)の層厚が、前記自由ゾーン端部(10)の方へ向けて減少している、請求項1又は2に記載の平面状加熱素子(1)。
- 前記移行ゾーン(7)において、前記加熱層(3)の多孔率が、前記自由ゾーン端部(10)の方へ向けて増加している、請求項1から3いずれか1項記載の平面状加熱素子(1)。
- 前記加熱層(3)は、導電率を高めるためのドーパントを含んでおり、前記移行ゾーン(7)における前記ドーパントの濃度は、前記自由ゾーン端部(10)の方へ向けて減少している、請求項1から4いずれか1項記載の平面状加熱素子(1)。
- 前記加熱層(3)は、導電率を減少させるためのドーパントを含んでおり、前記移行ゾーン(7)における前記ドーパントの濃度は、前記自由ゾーン端部(10)の方へ向けて増加している、請求項1から4いずれか1項記載の平面状加熱素子(1)。
- 前記基板表面(13)に、前記電気的加熱層(3)を備えた支持体、例えばプラスチックフィルム(4)が被着されている、請求項1から6いずれか1項記載の平面状加熱素子(1)。
- 支持体(4)、例えばプラスチックフィルムであって、
前記支持体(4)の表面の一部に被着された導電性材料からなる少なくとも1つの電気的加熱層(3)と、電圧源に接続するために設けられた少なくとも2つの電極(8,8′)とを有し、
前記電極(8,8′)は、当該電極(8,8′)間で加熱電流のための電流路(6)が形成されるように前記加熱層(3)に接続されており、
前記加熱層(3)は、1つ又は複数の分離ゾーン(5)によって電気的に分割されており、
前記分離ゾーン(5)は、それぞれ少なくとも1つの自由ゾーン端部(10)を有しており、さらに前記分離ゾーン(5)は、前記自由ゾーン端部(10)における前記電流路(6)の通流方向が変化するように構成されており、ここで前記自由ゾーン端部(10)において前記各分離ゾーン(5)には、それぞれ1つの移行ゾーン(7)が接続されており、前記移行ゾーン(7)は、前記加熱層(3)の導電率が前記自由ゾーン端部(10)の方へ向けて低減するように構成されていることを特徴とする支持体(4)。 - 平面状加熱素子(1)を製造する方法であって、
基板表面(13)と、基板(2)を加熱するための導電性材料からなる電気的な加熱層(3)とを有している少なくとも1つの平面状の基板(2)を供給するステップを含んでおり、前記加熱層(3)は、少なくとも前記基板表面(13)の一部に亘って延在し、電圧源への接続のために設けられた少なくとも2つの電極(8,8′)と、当該電極(8,8′)間で加熱電流のための電流路(6)が形成されるように接続されており、
前記加熱層(3)を1つ以上の分離ゾーン(5)によって電気的に分割するステップを含んでおり、前記分離ゾーン(5)は、それぞれ少なくとも1つの自由ゾーン端部(10)を有しており、さらに前記分離ゾーン(5)は、前記自由ゾーン端部(10)における前記電流路(6)の通流方向が変化するように構成されており、
1つ又は複数の移行ゾーン(7)を生成するステップを含んでおり、前記各移行ゾーン(7)は、前記分離ゾーン(5)の前記自由ゾーン端部(10)に接続され、前記加熱層(3)の導電率が、前記自由ゾーン端部(10)の方へ向かって低減されるようにしたことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記基板表面(13)上に、電気的な前記加熱層(3)を備えた支持体(4)、特にプラスチックフィルムが被着される、請求項9記載の方法。
- 請求項1から7いずれか1項記載の平面状加熱素子(1)を、家具、機器、建築物における機能的な個別要素として又は組込み要素として使用し、特に居住空間における暖房用加熱体、例えば壁掛け式加熱体若しくは自立式加熱体として使用し、あるいは、陸上、空中又は水中を移動するための移動手段、特に自動車において、例えばフロントガラス、リアウィンドウ、サイドウィンドウ、及び/又はガラスサンルーフに用いる使用方法。
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PCT/EP2012/055436 WO2012139883A1 (de) | 2011-04-12 | 2012-03-27 | Flächenheizkörper und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
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