JP5697078B2 - リチウム二次電池用活物質、リチウム二次電池用負極、およびリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用活物質、リチウム二次電池用負極、およびリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5697078B2 JP5697078B2 JP2010232941A JP2010232941A JP5697078B2 JP 5697078 B2 JP5697078 B2 JP 5697078B2 JP 2010232941 A JP2010232941 A JP 2010232941A JP 2010232941 A JP2010232941 A JP 2010232941A JP 5697078 B2 JP5697078 B2 JP 5697078B2
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- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 title claims description 89
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 89
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 88
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 silicon ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical group [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910003902 SiCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002409 silicon-based active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Si] Chemical compound [Li].[Si] ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021424 microcrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/66—Electroplating: Baths therefor from melts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
- C25D15/02—Combined electrolytic and electrophoretic processes with charged materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D9/00—Electrolytic coating other than with metals
- C25D9/04—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials
- C25D9/08—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials by cathodic processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/54—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of metals not provided for in groups C25D3/04 - C25D3/50
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Description
図1に示すように、リチウム電池10は、例えば、集電体11上に形成された活物質12を有する負極13と、正極14と、負極13と正極14との間に配置されて貯留領域17を形成するセパレータ15と、貯留領域17中に充填される電解溶液16と、封止構造部18と、を有する。すなわち、リチウム電池10の基本構成要素は、負極13と、正極14と、電解溶液16と、である。
図2に示すように、実施形態の活物質12は、リチウムイオンを有する電解溶液24を用いて、電気化学的成膜法である電気めっき法により作製される。電析装置20は、白金線23を陽極とし、銅箔22を陰極としている。銅箔22は集電体11であり、負極13の一部となる。
図4に負極13の破断面の走査型電子顕微鏡写真を示す。活物質12の表面は平滑であり、膜厚は約2μmであった。別途、エネルギー分散型蛍光X線分析装置(EDX)を用い、活物質12を構成する元素の面内分布(マッピング)を測定したところ、SiとOとCとが均一に分散していた。
O : 45.9at%
C : 18.5at%
O/Si=1.29
以上のXPSおよびGDOESによる解析結果が示すように、活物質12のSi/Oは、SiOx(X=1.29)の状態であった。なお、より厳密には、活物質12は大量の炭素を含有していることから、「Si−Ox−CY(X=1.29、Y:未測定)の状態である。
次に、リチウム電池10の特性評価について説明する。
なお、負極13の活物質12に含有されている炭素が、準安定相であるSiOxの発現に大きな影響を及ぼしているため、以下の反応とみなすこともできる。
すなわち、活物質12のSiO(-C)は、最初のリチウム合金反応において、Li2O(-C)を含有する活物質12Aに変化する。そして以降の充放電においては、活物質12AのSi(-C)が、可逆変化を繰り返している。なお、Li2O(-C)は、充放電のときに変化しない不可逆成分である。
次に、作製条件を変えた場合の活物質の特性等について説明する。記載した条件以外は既に説明した活物質12(12A)、負極13(13A)、およびリチウム電池10(10A)と同じである。
(A) GDOESによる組成
Si : 39.1at%
O : 43.9at%
C : 17.0at%
O/Si=1.12
(B) サイクル試験結果
初期容量:691mAh/g
5サイクル後の容量変化率:94%
2.電流密度が3mA/cm2の場合(析出電位:1.145V)
(A) GDOESによる組成
Si : 38.1at%
O : 33.8at%
C : 28.1at%
O/Si=0.89
(B) サイクル試験結果
初期容量:628mAh/g
5サイクル後の容量変化率:80%
さらに、電流密度等の作製条件を変えた試料について、評価を行ったところ、以下の結果を得た。
Claims (3)
- シリコンイオンと、酸素と、炭素とを含有する電解液から、電気化学的成膜法により作製されたアモルファス物質に、電気化学的手法によって予め酸化リチウムを生成させたリチウム二次電池用活物質であって、前記アモルファス物質は、シリコンと、酸素と、10at%以上30at%以下の炭素とを含有し、シリコンと酸素との組成比がSiOx(0.5≦X≦1.5)であることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用活物質。
- 請求項1に記載の活物質、を有することを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 請求項2に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極を具備することを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2010232941A JP5697078B2 (ja) | 2010-10-15 | 2010-10-15 | リチウム二次電池用活物質、リチウム二次電池用負極、およびリチウム二次電池 |
PCT/JP2011/073505 WO2012050155A1 (ja) | 2010-10-15 | 2011-10-13 | 電析物、リチウム二次電池用活物質、およびリチウム二次電池 |
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JP2010232941A JP5697078B2 (ja) | 2010-10-15 | 2010-10-15 | リチウム二次電池用活物質、リチウム二次電池用負極、およびリチウム二次電池 |
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JP5697078B2 true JP5697078B2 (ja) | 2015-04-08 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
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JP2012204195A (ja) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-10-22 | Waseda Univ | リチウム二次電池用活物質、リチウム二次電池用負極、およびリチウム二次電池 |
EP2858071A4 (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2015-12-30 | Idea Res Ltd | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AMBIENT TEMPERATURE FUSION REACTION |
JP6057208B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-12 | 2017-01-11 | 学校法人早稲田大学 | 電気めっき液、リチウム二次電池用活物質の製造方法、及びリチウム二次電池 |
JP6090778B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-11 | 2017-03-08 | 学校法人早稲田大学 | リチウム二次電池の電極の製造方法、及び、リチウム二次電池の製造方法 |
JP6474548B2 (ja) * | 2014-01-16 | 2019-02-27 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用負極材及び負極活物質粒子の製造方法 |
CN106848198B (zh) * | 2017-02-22 | 2018-08-17 | 深圳市沃特玛电池有限公司 | 一种锂电池负极极片的制备方法 |
WO2023090325A1 (ja) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-05-25 | 株式会社クラレ | 電極および蓄電素子 |
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JP3633557B2 (ja) * | 2001-12-27 | 2005-03-30 | 株式会社東芝 | 非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質、その製造方法、および非水電解質二次電池 |
JP4344874B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-06 | 2009-10-14 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 非水溶媒メッキ法によるリチウムイオン二次電池負極用箔帯の製造方法 |
JP2007184252A (ja) * | 2005-12-05 | 2007-07-19 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 非水電解質二次電池用電極材の製造方法、非水電解質二次電池用電極及びその製造方法、非水電解質二次電池用電極集電体の製造方法、並びに非水電解質二次電池 |
JP5003877B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-27 | 2012-08-15 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | SiCO−Li系複合体の製造方法 |
JP5056224B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-11 | 2012-10-24 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 薄膜又は粉末製造方法、薄膜又は粉末製造装置、及び非水電解質二次電池用電極材の製造方法 |
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