JP5689599B2 - １，４−シクロヘキサンジメタノールを含むポリエステルを製造する方法 - Google Patents
１，４−シクロヘキサンジメタノールを含むポリエステルを製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5689599B2 JP5689599B2 JP2009507729A JP2009507729A JP5689599B2 JP 5689599 B2 JP5689599 B2 JP 5689599B2 JP 2009507729 A JP2009507729 A JP 2009507729A JP 2009507729 A JP2009507729 A JP 2009507729A JP 5689599 B2 JP5689599 B2 JP 5689599B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- dibasic acid
- component
- diol
- acid component
- mole percent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 title claims description 122
- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 83
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 251
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 231
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 150
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 143
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 126
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 77
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 71
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 70
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 65
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 29
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- -1 sheet Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC(C(O)=O)CC1 PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006085 branching agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LUSFFPXRDZKBMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCCC(CO)C1 LUSFFPXRDZKBMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001142 dicarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl terephthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JCTXKRPTIMZBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4-trimethylpentane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)CO JCTXKRPTIMZBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- DYLIWHYUXAJDOJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-4-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)but-2-en-1-ol Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2C\C=C\CO DYLIWHYUXAJDOJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QRMPKOFEUHIBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCC(C)CC1 QRMPKOFEUHIBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZVMAGJJPTALGQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(carboxymethoxy)phenoxy]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=CC(OCC(O)=O)=C1 ZVMAGJJPTALGQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZTJKOLMWJNVFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1S(O)(=O)=O YZTJKOLMWJNVFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HSSYVKMJJLDTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylphthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(O)=O HSSYVKMJJLDTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTDMBRAUHKUOON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-carboxyphenyl)methyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 VTDMBRAUHKUOON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBBQDUFLZGOASY-OWOJBTEDSA-N 4-[(e)-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 SBBQDUFLZGOASY-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)COCC(O)=O QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEUCQOBUZPQUMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolone Chemical compound COC1=C(CC=C(C)C)C(=O)NC2=C1C=CC=C2OC XEUCQOBUZPQUMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UWIULCYKVGIOPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolone Natural products CCOC1=C(CC=CC)C(=O)N(C)c2c(O)cccc12 UWIULCYKVGIOPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1(CO)CCCCC1 ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012974 tin catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-dichlorophosphoryloxybenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1OP(Cl)(Cl)=O VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUVMSYUGOKEMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC(C)C[O-].CC(C)C[O-].CC(C)C[O-].CC(C)C[O-] QUVMSYUGOKEMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVDRSXGPQWNUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-carboxyphenoxy)benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 WVDRSXGPQWNUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090248 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BVFSYZFXJYAPQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(oxo)tin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn]=O BVFSYZFXJYAPQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005708 carbonyloxy group Chemical group [*:2]OC([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNGOYPQMJFJDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OC)=C1 VNGOYPQMJFJDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006081 fluorescent whitening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L isophthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC(C([O-])=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)O UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033458 reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012748 slip agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08G63/18—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
- C08G63/199—Acids or hydroxy compounds containing cycloaliphatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08G63/18—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
- C08G63/181—Acids containing aromatic rings
- C08G63/183—Terephthalic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/414,466 US7211634B1 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2006-04-28 | Process for the preparation of polyesters containing 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol |
| US11/414,466 | 2006-04-28 | ||
| PCT/US2007/009484 WO2007127117A2 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2007-04-18 | Process for the preparation of polyesters containing 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2009535450A JP2009535450A (ja) | 2009-10-01 |
| JP2009535450A5 JP2009535450A5 (enExample) | 2010-04-22 |
| JP5689599B2 true JP5689599B2 (ja) | 2015-03-25 |
Family
ID=37991420
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009507729A Expired - Fee Related JP5689599B2 (ja) | 2006-04-28 | 2007-04-18 | １，４−シクロヘキサンジメタノールを含むポリエステルを製造する方法 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7211634B1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP2013260B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP5689599B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR101389255B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN101466760B (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2007127117A2 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8586701B2 (en) | 2005-10-28 | 2013-11-19 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for the preparation of copolyesters based on 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol |
| EP2225084B1 (en) | 2007-11-21 | 2013-05-29 | Eastman Chemical Company | Plastic baby bottles, other blow molded articles, and processes for their manufacture |
| CN103270555B (zh) * | 2010-10-13 | 2016-03-02 | 帝人株式会社 | 电线被覆用树脂组合物及使用其的绝缘电线 |
| US20130029068A1 (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2013-01-31 | Eastman Chemical Company | Extrusion blow molded articles |
| RU2480486C1 (ru) * | 2011-12-16 | 2013-04-27 | Учреждение Российской академии наук Институт катализа им. Г.К. Борескова Сибирского отделения РАН | Способ получения алифатических и алифатически-ароматических полиэфиров |
| KR20140018468A (ko) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-02-13 | 삼성정밀화학 주식회사 | 방향족 디카르복실산 화합물의 분할 투입에 의한 생분해성 폴리에스테르 공중합체의 제조방법 |
| CN107922598B (zh) * | 2015-09-04 | 2020-01-21 | Dic株式会社 | 聚酯树脂、聚酯树脂的制造方法、树脂组合物、带树脂的布帛及带树脂的布帛的制造方法 |
| IT201600078950A1 (it) * | 2016-07-27 | 2018-01-27 | Versalis Spa | Metodo di sintesi regioselettiva di poliesteri da dioli asimmetrici. |
| CN116987252A (zh) * | 2018-12-17 | 2023-11-03 | 伊士曼化工公司 | 含有低二乙二醇的来自对苯二甲酸的共聚酯 |
| KR20230008065A (ko) * | 2020-04-15 | 2023-01-13 | 도요보 가부시키가이샤 | 공중합 폴리에스테르 수지, 성형품, 열수축성 필름 및 섬유 |
| TWI803384B (zh) * | 2022-07-08 | 2023-05-21 | 南亞塑膠工業股份有限公司 | 透明pet材料及其製造方法以及pet產品 |
Family Cites Families (48)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE592181A (enExample) | 1955-12-22 | |||
| US3070575A (en) | 1958-01-27 | 1962-12-25 | Du Pont | Process for the preparation of polyesters from dicarboxylic acids and bis (hydroxy-alkyl) esters |
| BE624580A (enExample) | 1961-11-10 | |||
| AT289391B (de) | 1966-12-30 | 1971-04-26 | Alpine Chemische Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyestern und Copolyestern |
| US3487049A (en) | 1967-01-04 | 1969-12-30 | Du Pont | Process for producing polyethylene terephthalate |
| US4020049A (en) | 1967-09-14 | 1977-04-26 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Process for preparing polyester resin |
| US3551386A (en) | 1968-06-26 | 1970-12-29 | Monsanto Co | Polyester polymerization process,prepolymer and product |
| US3787370A (en) | 1971-03-19 | 1974-01-22 | Teijin Ltd | Process for the preparation of substan-tially linear polyesters of low free carboxyl group content |
| US3984379A (en) | 1971-12-06 | 1976-10-05 | Teijin Limited | Process for preparation of polyesters |
| JPS49117378A (enExample) | 1973-03-13 | 1974-11-09 | ||
| JPS539278B2 (enExample) * | 1973-06-07 | 1978-04-04 | ||
| US4205157A (en) | 1979-04-02 | 1980-05-27 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Method for production of high molecular weight polyester with low catalyst level and low carboxyl content |
| US4238593B1 (en) | 1979-06-12 | 1994-03-22 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Method for production of a high molecular weight polyester prepared from a prepolymer polyester having an optional carboxyl content |
| US4442269A (en) | 1982-12-15 | 1984-04-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company | Staged copolymerization of polyesters |
| US4480086A (en) * | 1983-09-09 | 1984-10-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Radiation-resistant copolyesters |
| US4578453A (en) * | 1984-11-23 | 1986-03-25 | Eastman Kodak Company | High molecular weight polyesters |
| US5039717A (en) | 1985-07-25 | 1991-08-13 | Amoco Corporation | Copolyesters |
| US5239018A (en) | 1989-09-06 | 1993-08-24 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Liquid polymer and polyol compositions, and process for preparing phenol-functional polymer |
| US5034263A (en) * | 1989-11-27 | 1991-07-23 | Eastman Kodak Company | Film laminate |
| US4983711A (en) | 1989-12-04 | 1991-01-08 | Eastman Kodak Company | Copolyesters and articles extrusion blow-molded therefrom |
| DE4137842A1 (de) * | 1991-11-16 | 1993-05-19 | Zimmer Ag | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen polykondensation von terephthalsaeure und 1,4-bis-(hydroxymethyl)-cyclohexan |
| DE4137841C2 (de) | 1991-11-16 | 2003-08-28 | Zimmer Ag | Diskontinuierliches Verfahren zur Polykondensation von Terephthalsäure und 1,4-Bis-(hydroxymethyl)-cyclohexan |
| US5385773A (en) | 1993-04-27 | 1995-01-31 | Eastman Chemical Company | Copolyester of cyclohexanenedimethanol and process for producing such polyester |
| US5340907A (en) | 1993-06-28 | 1994-08-23 | Eastman Chemical Company | Copolyester of cyclohexanedimethanol and process for producing such polyester |
| US5616404A (en) * | 1995-10-10 | 1997-04-01 | Eastman Chemical Company | Orientable, heat setable semi-crystalline copolyesters |
| US5608031A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-03-04 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polyesters modified with 1,4-cyclohexaned imethanol having high clarity prepared utilizing an antimony containing catalyst/stabilizer system |
| TW381104B (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2000-02-01 | Eastman Chem Co | Process for preparing copolyesters of terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol, and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol |
| US5656715A (en) * | 1996-06-26 | 1997-08-12 | Eastman Chemical Company | Copolyesters based on 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol having improved stability |
| US6103859A (en) * | 1997-04-09 | 2000-08-15 | Eastman Chemical Company | Late addition of supplemental ethylene glycol in the preparation of copolyesters |
| JP2001514336A (ja) * | 1997-08-28 | 2001-09-11 | イーストマン ケミカル カンパニー | 改良されたコポリマーバインダー繊維 |
| US5986040A (en) | 1998-09-03 | 1999-11-16 | General Electric Company | Crystalline polyester resins and process for their preparation |
| JP3693831B2 (ja) | 1998-12-18 | 2005-09-14 | 三菱化学株式会社 | ポリシクロヘキサンジメチレンテレフタレートの製造方法 |
| JP3696741B2 (ja) | 1998-12-18 | 2005-09-21 | 三菱化学株式会社 | ポリシクロヘキサンジメチレンテレフタレート |
| IT1304797B1 (it) | 1998-12-23 | 2001-03-29 | Sinco Ricerche Spa | Procedimento per la preparazione di resine poliestere (mg33). |
| US6084055A (en) * | 1999-03-30 | 2000-07-04 | General Electric Company | Method for preparing poly(1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylates) |
| AU764147B2 (en) | 1999-10-19 | 2003-08-14 | Pet Rebirth Co., Ltd. | Method of polymerizing deionized bis-beta-hydroxyethyl terephthalate |
| KR100366483B1 (ko) | 1999-12-17 | 2003-01-14 | 주식회사 이래화학 | 코폴리에스테르 수지 조성물 및 그 제조방법 |
| TWI235754B (en) | 1999-12-27 | 2005-07-11 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Composition and process for preparing a high molecular weight polyester |
| JP3209336B1 (ja) * | 2000-05-17 | 2001-09-17 | エスケー ケミカルズ カンパニー リミテッド | １，４−シクロヘキサンジメタノールが共重合されたポリエステル樹脂の製造方法 |
| JP4649709B2 (ja) | 2000-07-25 | 2011-03-16 | 東亞合成株式会社 | 共重合ポリエステルの製造方法 |
| JP2004517980A (ja) | 2000-09-21 | 2004-06-17 | ローム アンド ハース カンパニー | 極性モノマーと多価カチオンとに関わる方法および組成物 |
| US6458915B1 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2002-10-01 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for producing poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) and the reactor grade polyester therefrom |
| US6455664B1 (en) | 2000-11-20 | 2002-09-24 | General Electric Company | Crystalline polyester resins and process for their preparation |
| US6429278B1 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2002-08-06 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for manufacture of polyesters based on 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and isophthalic acid |
| US6740377B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2004-05-25 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polyester having improved crystallization behavior and extrusion blow molded articles made therefrom |
| ITMI20021293A1 (it) | 2002-06-12 | 2003-12-12 | Gen Electric | Metodo per preparare poli(cicloesan-1,4-dicarbossilato) (i) da acido cicloesan-1,4-bicarbossilico e composizione |
| US6828410B2 (en) | 2002-07-10 | 2004-12-07 | General Electric Company | Method for preparing poly(cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate)s from cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, and composition |
| US6924349B2 (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2005-08-02 | Sk Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Copolyester resin and articles using the same |
-
2006
- 2006-04-28 US US11/414,466 patent/US7211634B1/en active Active
-
2007
- 2007-02-20 US US11/708,244 patent/US20070255020A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-04-18 JP JP2009507729A patent/JP5689599B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-04-18 EP EP07775690.6A patent/EP2013260B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-04-18 CN CN200780021818XA patent/CN101466760B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-04-18 WO PCT/US2007/009484 patent/WO2007127117A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-04-18 KR KR1020087026292A patent/KR101389255B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101466760A (zh) | 2009-06-24 |
| KR101389255B1 (ko) | 2014-04-24 |
| CN101466760B (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
| WO2007127117A3 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
| EP2013260A2 (en) | 2009-01-14 |
| US7211634B1 (en) | 2007-05-01 |
| EP2013260B1 (en) | 2016-04-06 |
| KR20080112341A (ko) | 2008-12-24 |
| US20070255020A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
| JP2009535450A (ja) | 2009-10-01 |
| WO2007127117A2 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5689599B2 (ja) | １，４−シクロヘキサンジメタノールを含むポリエステルを製造する方法 | |
| KR101543043B1 (ko) | 2,2,4,4-테트라메틸-1,3-사이클로뷰탄다이올 및 1,4-사이클로헥산다이메탄올을 기제로 한 코폴리에스터의 제조 방법 | |
| US8586701B2 (en) | Process for the preparation of copolyesters based on 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol | |
| US5959066A (en) | Polyesters including isosorbide as a comonomer and methods for making same | |
| JP4571910B2 (ja) | エステル変性ジカルボキシレートポリマー | |
| US6063464A (en) | Isosorbide containing polyesters and methods for making same | |
| US5681918A (en) | Process for preparing copolyesters of terephthalic acid ethylene glycol and 1 4-cyclohexanedimethanol exhibiting a neutral hue high clarity and increased brightness | |
| JP5711667B2 (ja) | イソソルビドが共重合されたポリエステル樹脂の製造方法 | |
| JP2003501532A (ja) | 高ガラス転移温度、低溶融粘度の非晶質コポリエステル | |
| JP7369178B2 (ja) | ポリエステル樹脂およびその製造方法 | |
| KR101514786B1 (ko) | 바이오 매스 유래 성분을 포함한 폴리에스테르 수지 및 이의 제조 방법 | |
| EP0496404B1 (en) | Process for the preparation of aromatic polyesters | |
| CN115536819B (zh) | 一种高可加工性对苯二甲酸共聚酯及其制备方法 | |
| JPS5921889B2 (ja) | ポリエステルの製造方法 | |
| JP2002293906A (ja) | ポリエステル樹脂の製造方法 | |
| JPH0790066A (ja) | 共重合ポリエステル | |
| JPS62212429A (ja) | コポリエステル | |
| MXPA00010288A (en) | Polyesters including isosorbide as a comonomer and methods for making same | |
| JPH0813880B2 (ja) | 液晶性ブロックコポリエステル | |
| JPH0211623A (ja) | サーモトロピック液晶性コポリエステル | |
| JP2003231756A (ja) | ポリオルガノシロキサン化合物のスラリー化法 | |
| HK1036813B (en) | Polyesters including isosorbide as a comonomer and methods for making same | |
| MXPA98006719A (en) | Process to prepare copolysteres of tereftal acid, ethylenglycol, and 1,4-cyclohexandimethanol that exhibit neutral color, high clarity and brightness increment |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20100303 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20100303 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20120912 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20121002 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20121220 |
|
| A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20121228 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20130401 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20131217 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20140317 |
|
| A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20140325 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20140409 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20140729 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20141121 |
|
| A911 | Transfer to examiner for re-examination before appeal (zenchi) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911 Effective date: 20141202 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20150106 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20150129 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5689599 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |