JP5596088B2 - 電極束 - Google Patents
電極束 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5596088B2 JP5596088B2 JP2012178078A JP2012178078A JP5596088B2 JP 5596088 B2 JP5596088 B2 JP 5596088B2 JP 2012178078 A JP2012178078 A JP 2012178078A JP 2012178078 A JP2012178078 A JP 2012178078A JP 5596088 B2 JP5596088 B2 JP 5596088B2
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Description
本発明の電極束の好ましい実施形態。図1〜5は傘電極1の形の本発明の電極束の第1の実施形態を示している。傘電極1は電極2、2’、2’’、2’’’、2’’’’、2’’’’’、2’’’’’’等の12の同様の電極を含む。電極2は、その一つ(前端部)の端部で先端4を有している円筒型の導電性電極棒3含む。一体的な固定部材又はその自由端で先端6を有している羽枝5は、電極棒3の尖ってない遠位末端の方向に、先端4に近い電極棒3の部分から斜め後方の方式で延びていて、該遠位末端に薄い絶縁線11がハンダ10によって取り付けられている。電極棒3と羽枝5はプラチナ、銀、金、銅、それらの合金及び他の適切な金属や合金のような良導体からできている;炭素繊維や導電性ポリマーの繊維が使用されても良い。電極部材3と羽枝5も、金属のような導電体によって覆われているガラス又はポリマーのような、非導電体のコアから作ることもできる。電極部材3と羽枝5が金属のような導電性材料の層によって覆われた非電導性材料のコアを有している場合は、それらの好ましい直径は導線からできている電極の直径と同じである。電極部材3と羽枝5が金属線でできている場合、それらの直径は望ましくは約10−4mから10−7mである。特に望ましい直径は1×10−6mから25×10−6mである。それらの先端4,6を除けば、電極部材3と羽枝5は円筒型である。折り畳まれていない状態で(図1〜4)それらの軸(示されてない)は約10°の鋭角αを備えている。羽枝5と電極棒3の接合の地点では前者の直径が狭く、羽枝5を、蝶番の機能を与えるようにその地点で他の場所よりもより曲げ易くさせている。その先端6を除けば、羽枝5と電極棒3はテフロン又はポリエチレンの様なポリマーの薄層又はラッカーによって絶縁される。これは図示されてない;非絶縁の先端6はそれに沿って延びている点線Sによって表示されている。絶縁性のコーティングは羽枝5の固定特性を改善する為に、粗面(図示されてない)を有することができる。
組織への電極束の位置づけ。電極の最適な性能にとって、電極を標的組織に、とりわけ神経組織に高精度に取り付けることは重要な意味を持つ。脳や脊髄の大きさや、それらの種々の部位の相対的大きさ及び位置は個々の間で大幅に異なるので、協調的な、案内された挿入は余り正確ではない。好ましくは、’追跡’手順が、関心のある脳又は脊髄の部位の座標を位置付ける為に使用される。この手順では、正しい座標は、単独の電極を用いた多重記録/刺激追跡によって決められる。それらは又、図6及び7の実施形態の案内電極21のような案内電極を用いた追跡によっても決められる。一度正しい座標が決定したら、それらは脳への電極束の挿入を案内する為に使用できる。電極束は、その後端又は近位端又はその近くでそれらを一時的に保持することができる極微操作装置を用いて組織に導入できる。電極束は極微操作装置と協力するために取付け手段を備えていてもよい。例えば、取付け手段は、電極束のベース又はサポートに一つ又は幾つかの穴を含み、それに、極微操作装置の前端又は遠位端に配置されている、相当する数の棒が挿入される。もう一つの方法として、電極束のスリーブ又はサポートは、挿入中、極微操作装置のアームによって固定され、そして好ましい深さに置くと解放される。その後極微操作装置は引き抜かれる。
電極束による電気信号の電気的制御/記録。信号の記録目的を意図した本発明の電極に対しては、電極部材は、増幅回路や、任意的に、制御装置との無線接続用の送信機を具備している信号増幅装置に電気的に接続されている。信号強度の損失を避ける為に、送信機が付いた増幅装置は電極束の近くに配置される。約20cmまでのような短距離の送信に対しては、小型の第一送信機を束の後端部、つまり、神経細胞又は脳組織から延びていて、受信機及び第二送信機を具備している転送装置に信号を送っている部分、に取り付け得る。転送装置は軟組織に埋め込んでもよく、無線充電式電池を含む。
応用分野。本発明の電極束は、主として、痛み、けが又は脳及び/又は脊髄の変性を持つ患者(動物も)の治療を対象とする;神経回路網の機能及び神経系統の柔軟性、発達及び老化の研究においての研究用具として;人工器官制御又は骨格筋の制御を可能にする脳−コンピュータ通信の接点として;及び内分泌及び外分泌器官機能の制御の為に使用される。
2:電極
3:電極部材(電極棒)
5:羽枝
20:電極束
31:サポート
31’、31’’: サポートの表面
32、33、34、35、36、37:L字形のリード線
46,47,48,49,50,51:固定部材
Claims (7)
- 平行して整列されている二つ以上の電極を含む、軟組織に挿入する事によって埋め込まれる電極束であって、該電極の前の部分は該束の前端部を形成しそして該電極の後の部分は該束の後端部を形成し、各電極は、
(a)前端部と後端部とを有する細長い 導電性電極部材、及び
(b)先が尖っているか又はそうでない自由端と、前記電極部材にその前記前端部で又はその前記前端部とその前記後端部との間の中間部分で結合されている端部とを有する固定部材であって、前記電極部材と0°から60°の角度αを形成し、その前記後端部の方向に延びている前記固定部材
を含み、
複数の前記電極は(c)平らな非導電性支柱の一方の面に配置されることにより束ねられており、そして複数の前記電極は、前記固定部材の先端部分を除いて、絶縁被膜で覆われている、電極束。 - 複数の前記電極部材が、前記支柱の前記一方の面の平行な向かい合う縁部に平行して配置されている、請求項1に記載の電極束。
- 前記固定部材が前記縁部に対し中心にある軸に対して鏡映の様式で配置されている、請求項1に記載の電極束。
- 追加の電極が前記支柱の他方の面に、同様に配置されている、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に記載の電極束。
- 前記電極束の間に配置されている間隔部材を含む、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の二つ以上の電極束の積み重ね物。
- 前記積み重ね物の隣接した電極束間に配置されている電気遮蔽手段を含む、請求項5に記載の積み重ね物。
- 前記遮蔽手段が、絶縁電極を持つ前記支柱の面上及び前記電極上に配置されている金属シート又は金属ネット又は金属層から選ばれる、請求項6に記載の積み重ね物。
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