JP5588003B2 - 高粘度ポリα−オレフィンの二段階形成方法及びシステム - Google Patents
高粘度ポリα−オレフィンの二段階形成方法及びシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5588003B2 JP5588003B2 JP2012526801A JP2012526801A JP5588003B2 JP 5588003 B2 JP5588003 B2 JP 5588003B2 JP 2012526801 A JP2012526801 A JP 2012526801A JP 2012526801 A JP2012526801 A JP 2012526801A JP 5588003 B2 JP5588003 B2 JP 5588003B2
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- reaction zone
- catalyst
- olefin monomer
- viscosity
- monomer
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 81
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 135
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 121
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 55
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- HLVFKOKELQSXIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)CBr HLVFKOKELQSXIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- XONPDZSGENTBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular hydrogen;sodium Chemical compound [Na].[H][H] XONPDZSGENTBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RKSOPLXZQNSWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl bromide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)Br RKSOPLXZQNSWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylalumane Chemical compound CCCC[Al](CCCC)CCCC SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylalumane Chemical compound CCC[Al](CCC)CCC CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/52—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides selected from boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium or rare earths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F10/14—Monomers containing five or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/001—Multistage polymerisation processes characterised by a change in reactor conditions without deactivating the intermediate polymer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/14—Monomers containing five or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type
- C08F297/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/14—Monomers containing five or more carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2500/00—Characteristics or properties of obtained polyolefins; Use thereof
- C08F2500/17—Viscosity
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
Description
上述の通り、第一オレフィンモノマーは第一反応帯に向けられ、第二オレフィンモノマーは第二反応帯に向けられる。好ましくは、第一及び第二オレフィンモノマーは、α−オレフィンモノマーである。適切なα−オレフィンモノマーすなわちα−モノマーとして、線形又は分岐モノオレフィンが挙げられ、それらの二重結合は、モノオレフィンの炭素鎖のα−位である。この様なα−モノマーは、2〜20個の炭素原子、例えば、6〜14個の炭素原子、好ましくは、8〜12個の炭素原子を含有するα−モノマーである。炭素鎖は、線形、環状、又は芳香環であってよい。このようなα−モノマーの例として、エチレン、プロピレン、2−メチルプロペン、1−ブテン、3−メチル−l−ブテン、1−ペンテン、4−メチル−1−ペンテン、1−ヘキセン、4−メチル−l−ヘキセン、1−ヘプテン、3−メチル−l−ヘプテン、1−オクテン、3−メチル−1−オクテン、1−ノネン、3−メチル−l−ノネン、1−デセン、1−ウンデセン、1−ドデセン、1−トリデセン、1−テトラデセン、1−ペンタデセン、1−ヘキサデセン、1−ヘプタデセン、1−オクタデセン、1−ノナデセン及び1−エイコセン、並びに、スチレン及びα−メチルスチレン等のビニル芳香族モノマーが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。一の態様において、好ましいα−モノマーは、単一のモノマーであり、即ち混合物ではなく、かつ、1−ヘキセン、1−オクテン、1−デセン及び1−ドデセンから選択され、最も好ましくは、1−デセンである。本発明方法のPAOの製造の両段階で使用されるα−オレフィンモノマーは、実質的に一つの型、即ち1分子あたりの炭素原子数が同じ、を含有できる。理想的には、第一及び第二オレフィンモノマーは、組成的には同じ物質であり、しかし、それぞれ、第一及び第二反応帯に、別個に向けられる。
R1−X
を有するものが挙げられ、ここで、R1は、線形及び分岐のC1〜C100アルキル基、線形又は分岐のC2〜C100アルケニル、及び置換又は無置換のC5〜C100シクロアルキル基から成る群から選択される。一の態様において、R1は、線形及び分岐のC4〜C10アルキル基、線形又は分岐のC2〜C10アルケニル、及び置換又は無置換のC5〜C10シクロアルキル基から成る群から選択される。Xは、ハロゲンから選択され、F、Cl、Br、及びIが挙げられる。好ましいハロゲン化アルキル化合物は、臭化エチル、n−臭化ブチル、tert−臭化ブチル、臭化イソブチル、塩化イソブチル、沃化イソブチル、弗化ビニル、塩化ビニル、臭化ビニルを包含し、又は1,2−ジブロモブタン等のジハロアルカンを包含する。
R2−Al−R4
|
R3
を有するものが挙げられ、ここで、R2、R3及びR4は、水素、線形及び分岐のC1〜C40アルキル基、線形又は分岐のC2〜C40アルケニル、及び置換又は無置換のC5〜C40シクロアルキル基から成る群から、独立に選択される。一の態様において、R2、R3又はR4の少なくとも他は、水素ではなく、より好ましくは、R2、R3又はR4のいずれも水素ではない。一の態様において、R2、R3及びR4は、線形及び分岐のC4〜C10アルキル基、線形又は分岐のC2〜C10アルケニル、及び置換又は無置換のC5〜C10シクロアルキル基から成る群から、独立に選択される。好ましいアルキル−アルミニウム化合物として、トリメチルアルミニウム、トリエチルアルミニウム、トリプロピルアルミニウム、トリイソプロピルアルミニウム、及びトリブチルアルミニウムが挙げられる。最も好ましくは、本発明の触媒系において、トリエチルアルミニウム(TEA)が使用される。ハロゲン化アルキル(例えば臭化イソブチル(IBB))対アルキルアルキル−アルミニウム化合物(例えばTEA)のモル比は、随意に、4:1〜8:1、例えば、4:1〜5:1、又は約4.5:1である。
所望の粘度特性−例えば、Kv100が約40cSt又は約100cStである−を有する最終ポリマー生成物を形成する本発明の方法に立ち返って、工程100は、図1Aに示すように、第一オレフィンモノマー、好ましくは、第一α−オレフィンモノマー、及び触媒系を第一反応帯に充填することを包含する。第一オレフィンモノマーは、第一重合工程102において、触媒系の存在下、重合条件の下に重合して第一ポリマーを形成し、これは、第一ポリマーを含む流出物において第一反応帯からもたらされる。活性化された触媒も、重合プロセスにおいて形成され、かつ使用され、並びに、好ましくは、流出物において第一反応帯からもたらされる。典型的には、流出物は、連続的方法において一旦定常状態が得られると、形成される。
本発明に関する例示的反応システム300を図3に示す。示したように、システム300は、直列に接続された二個の反応容器(反応装置)308、310を包含する。第一反応容器308は、α−モノマー容器302からα−モノマーを、ハロゲン化アルキル容器304からハロゲン化アルキルを、及びアルキル−アルミニウム容器306からアルキル−アルミニウムを、受け取る。一の態様において、α−モノマー容器302からのα−モノマーは、ハロゲン化アルキル容器304からのハロゲン化アルキルと組み合わされ、そして、第一反応容器308に共に供給される。更に、又は、その代わりに、α−モノマー容器302からのα−モノマーは、アルキル−アルミニウム容器306からのアルキル−アルミニウムと組み合わされ、そして、第一反応容器308中に共に供給されてよい。一の態様において、α−モノマー容器302は、湿潤α−モノマー、又は乾燥α−モノマーのいずれかを保持する。随意に、反応システムは、一個は湿潤α−モノマーを保持するため、一個は乾燥α−モノマーを保持するため、二個のα−モノマー容器302を含む。このシステムは、湿潤α−モノマーを乾燥するための乾燥ユニット、例えば、分子篩カラムも包含してよい。随意に、種ポリマー流314を、特に反応システムの起動の間、第一反応容器308に供給して、重合を促進する。
具体化された本発明のシステム及び方法によって形成された最終ポリマー生成物は、潤滑油組成物に対するベースストックとして使用可能である。特に、本ベースストックは、APIグループIVベースストックとして適切である。適切な潤滑油組成物は、米国特許第7,390,928号、第7,375,061号、第7,329,772号、第7,229,951号、及び第7,145,038号に記載されており、これらの全内容を、引用により本明細書に援用する。潤滑油組成物は、一以上の他の物質、例えば、洗浄剤、防蝕剤、酸化阻害剤、分散剤、流動点分散剤、耐泡剤、耐摩耗剤、他の粘度調整剤、摩擦調整剤等も、周知の慣行に合わせ、通常のレベルで、含有してよい。他の物質、それぞれ、金属フェネート又はスルフォネート、重合体スクシンイミド、非金属又は金属ホスホロジチオエート等によって例示される極圧剤、低温性質調整剤等も、周知の慣行に合わせ、通常のレベルで、使用できる。これらの物質は、この発明の組成物の価値を損なうことはなく、むしろ、これらを含有する特定の組成物に、これらの通例の特性を分け与えることに寄与する。
全ての例の実行において、図3に類似する反応システムを使用した。反応装置及び全ての溶液を、僅かに正圧の窒素ブランケット下に保持した。
これは、流速を増したことを除き、比較例Aと同様であった。例Bは、単なる流速の増加は、生産性を増大させるが、滞留時間がより短いことにより、粘度が低減したことを実証している。重合条件及び結果を下の表2に示す。
これは、流速を更に増したことを除き、比較例A及びBと同様であった。相対的生産性は増大し続けたが、粘度は更に低減した。重合条件及び結果を下の表2に示す。比較例A〜Cでの相対的触媒使用量は、1.0であった。
第一オレフィンモノマー、具体的には乾燥1−デセンを、CSTRシステムにおける2基の反応装置中で重合させた。第一反応装置において、IBB/乾燥デセンの混合物を含む流れを0.53g/分で充填した。この流れのIBB濃度は、第一反応装置に添加した流れの全重量の4.75重量%であった。25%TEA/乾燥デセンの混合物の流れも、0.53g/分で充填し、25%−TEA濃度は、流れの全重量の3.48重量%であった。25%−TEAは、純粋なTEAとデセンの、希釈25/75混合物であった。第一反応装置の反応質量は610グラムであり、斯くして、第一反応装置の滞留時間は、9.59時間(610/(0.53+0.53)/60であった。第一反応装置における合計触媒濃度は、(4.75)(0.53)/(0.53+0.53)+(0.25)(3.48)(0.53)/(0.53+0.53)=2.81重量%であった。
このプロセスは、下の表2に示した値を伴い、例1由来の直列CSTRに類似であった。例1と比べて、第一反応帯における流速は増大され、滞留時間は低減された。これは、例1において形成された第一ポリマーと比較して、第一反応帯のポリマーに関して、粘度の減少をもたらした。第二反応帯の容積も減らし、デセンの流速は第二反応帯に対して増加し、これはそこでの滞留時間を低減させ、この結果、PAO−100生成物の生産は、生産性が1.02で相対的触媒低減が28%であった。図6は、第一反応帯において形成された第一ポリマー(ポリデセン)に関して、ゲル透過クロマトグラフで決定された分子量分布曲線602、及び第二反応帯において形成された最終ポリマー生成物に関する分子量分布曲線604を示すグラフである。
このプロセスは、下の表2に示した値を伴い、例1由来の直列CSTRに類似であった。流速は更に増大し、結果として、例2を超えて、第一反応帯における滞留時間が減少し、かつ触媒濃度が増大して、粘度がより高いポリマーが形成された。第二反応帯に向かってデセンの流速が増大し、かつ第二帯の容積が増大し、滞留時間は例1と2の中間であった。例3は、生産性の増大と触媒使用量の低減の両方を示した。
このプロセスは、下の表2に示した値を伴って、例1由来の直列CSTRに類似であった。流速は更に増大し、結果として、例1〜3を超えて、第一反応帯における滞留時間が減少した。第二反応帯に向かう1−デセンの流速は、この場合も、例3に対して増大し、結果として、滞留時間が短縮された。例4では、触媒使用量を低減させながら、生産性は倍増した。
このプロセスは、下の表2に示した値を伴って、例1由来の直列CSTRに類似であった。両反応帯への非常に高い流速は、結果として、滞留時間を短縮し、これは、普通なら、非常に低粘度のPAOを生成したであろう。しかしながら、第一帯における高触媒濃度は粘度に対するこの影響を阻止し、また、二段階システムは高い触媒使用量を阻止した。PAO−212生成物は、例5において形成された。例5に関する相対的な触媒使用量は、PAO−100に対して普通必要とされる触媒の量と同じであった。単一の段階においてPAO−212ベースストックを生成するには、1.4の相対的触媒使用量と1.35の生産性が要求されるであろう。斯くして、1.0の相対的触媒使用量及び2.95の生産性の値は、PAO−212の生成に関し、単一の段階のプロセスに対して、顕著な、かつ予期しない改良を示している。
このプロセスは、下の表3に示した重合条件の下、例1由来の直列CSTRに類似であった。この工程は、PAO−40生成物を生成した。比較例Dの単一段階反応と比較したとき、相対的生産性は大きく増大し、及び触媒使用量はそこそこに増大した。一般的に、要求される触媒は、PAO−100の作成よりPAO−40の作成の方が少なかった。
第一反応装置がより小さかった(150グラム)ことを除き、例1に類似するCSTRの二個の反応容器において、乾燥1−デセンを重合させた。第一反応装置において、IBB濃度が7.56重量%である、IBB/乾燥1−デセン混合物を含む流れを、0.63g/分で充填した。25%−TEA濃度が5.53重量%である、TEA/乾燥1−デセンの混合物を含む流れも、0.63g/分で充填した。第一反応装置の滞留時間は、1.98時間であった。この滞留時間は、例1より顕著に短かった。
第一反応帯がより大きい(270グラム)ことを除き、例7に類似するCSTRの二個の反応容器において、乾燥デセンを重合させた。触媒濃度を同じに保ちながら、IBB/デセン、及びTEA/デセンの流速を、1.25g/分と倍増させた。第一反応帯に、種ポリデセン270グラムを添加し、ここで滞留時間は1.80時間であった。第二反応帯(620グラム)において、滞留時間は2.32時間であった。第一ポリマーのKv100は171.4cStであり、最終ポリマー生成物のKv100は94.3cStであった。例8において、生産性は2.55へと更に増大し、かつ相対的触媒使用量は、なおも1.0であった。第一反応帯におけるより大きい容積がより高い生産性をもたらした。
Claims (19)
- 最終ポリマー生成物を形成する方法であって、当該方法は、
(a)触媒を含む触媒系の存在下、第一反応帯において第一オレフィンモノマーを重合して、第一粘度を有する第一ポリマー及び活性化された触媒を含む流出物を形成する工程;及び
(b)前記第一流出物又はその一部を、前記第一反応帯から第二反応帯へ向かわせ、かつ、前記第一ポリマー及び前記触媒の存在下、第二反応帯において第二オレフィンモノマーを重合して、第二粘度を有する最終ポリマー生成物を形成する工程、
を含み、
前記第一オレフィンモノマー及び前記第二オレフィンモノマーは、8〜12個の炭素原子を有するα−オレフィンモノマーを含み、
前記触媒系はハロゲン化アルキル及びアルキル−アルミニウムを含み、
前記アルキル−アルミニウムは
R2−Al−R4
|
R3
で表され、ここで、R 2 、R 3 及びR 4 は、水素、線形及び分岐のC 1 〜C 40 アルキル基、線形又は分岐のC 2 〜C 40 アルケニル、及び置換又は無置換のC 5 〜C 40 シクロアルキル基から成る群から、独立に選択される、
方法。 - 前記第一オレフィンモノマー及び前記第二オレフィンモノマーは、1−デセンを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第一オレフィンモノマーと前記第二オレフィンモノマーが同じ組成を有する請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- (c)前記第一反応帯に種組成物を装填して前記触媒を活性化する工程、
を更に含む請求項1又は2に記載の方法であって、
前記種組成物は本方法で形成されるべき最終ポリマー生成物と同じである、
方法。 - 前記第二反応帯において、前記活性化された触媒の存在下、少なくとも一部の前記第一ポリマーを重合させる工程を更に含む請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記第二オレフィンモノマーは、前記流出物中の前記触媒系の存在下、別個の触媒系の添加を伴わずに、重合されるだけである請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記第一ポリマーは、重量平均分子量が500〜10,000である請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記最終ポリマーは、重量平均分子量が500〜8,000である請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記最終ポリマー生成物は、重量平均分子量が前記第一ポリマーより少なくとも50%小さい請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 第一ポリマーは、粘度が100℃で測定して20〜500cStである請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 最終ポリマー生成物は、粘度が100℃で測定して20〜60cStである請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 100℃で測定した最終ポリマー生成物の粘度が70〜140cStである請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記第一オレフィンモノマー対前記第二オレフィンモノマーのモル比が4:1〜1:4である請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記第一反応帯は5〜85℃の第一温度に加熱され、及び前記第二反応帯は0〜100℃の第二温度に加熱され、並びに前記第一反応帯における滞留時間は1〜15時間であり、及び前記第二反応帯における滞留時間は0.25〜7時間である請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記第一反応帯は20〜50℃の第一温度に加熱される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記第二反応帯は20〜60℃の第二温度に加熱される、請求項14又は15に記載の方法。
- 前記第一反応帯における滞留時間対前記第二反応帯における滞留時間の比が1:4〜4:1である請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒系は臭化イソブチル及びトリエチルアルミニウムを含む請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は連続方法である請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
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WO2011025636A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
KR20120054602A (ko) | 2012-05-30 |
US20110054126A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
RU2012111831A (ru) | 2013-10-10 |
CN102482365A (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
EP2470571B1 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
EP2470571A1 (en) | 2012-07-04 |
KR101657335B1 (ko) | 2016-09-30 |
JP2013503242A (ja) | 2013-01-31 |
CN102482365B (zh) | 2014-12-17 |
US8080699B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 |
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