JP5585992B2 - グリニャール反応を利用した求核付加体の製造方法及び求核付加反応剤 - Google Patents
グリニャール反応を利用した求核付加体の製造方法及び求核付加反応剤 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明の求核付加体の製造方法の一般的手法を以下に示す。窒素置換したシュレンク反応容器に、ZnCl2 (40.8mg,0.30mmol)を加えて、減圧下(<5mmHg)でヒートガンにより溶融乾燥する。次いでLiCl(139.9mg,3.3mmol)を加え、再び減圧下(<5Torr)でヒートガンにより溶融乾燥する。次いでMe3SiCH2MgCl(1M in Et2O,0.60mL,0.60mmol)を加えて室温で15分撹拌する。Me3SiCH2−はTMSCH2またはTMSMと略す。さらにグリニャール反応剤であるハロゲン化アルキルマグネシウムRMgX(0.5−2.0M in THF or Et2O,3.3mmol)を加えて、室温で45分攪拌する。なお、グリニャール反応剤の濃度が1Mを超える場合には、そのグリニャール反応剤を系内で1Mになるように希釈し、濃度が1M以下の場合には、直接使用する。その後、混合液を0℃に冷却し、反応基質(3.0mmol)をシリシンジポンプを用いて1時間掛けて加え、さらに2時間撹拌する。なお、反応基質が固体の場合、前もってTHF(約2mL)に溶かしておく。反応終了をTLCで確認し、飽和塩化アンモニウム水溶液(10mL)を加えて反応を停止する。酢酸エチルで抽出し(10mL×3)、抽出した有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(10mL)で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、ろ過、減圧濃縮する。シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開=ヘキサン/酢酸エチル)にて生成物を分取・精製し、求核付加体を得る。
実施例1〜4−1,比較例1〜5では、上述した一般的手法に準じて、表1に示す製造条件を採用してグリニャール反応を行ない、化合物1を得た。その結果を表1に示す。表1から明らかなように、ZnCl2、TMSCH2MgCl及びLiClのいずれも存在しない系でグリニャール反応を行なった比較例1,2では、還元体やアルドール付加体が多く生成し、求核付加体である化合物1の収率は低かった。また、比較例2にLiClを添加した比較例3では、化合物1の収率が若干向上したが、十分とはいえなかった。一方、比較例1にZnCl2を添加した比較例4では、亜鉛−マグネシウムアート錯体が系内で生成するため化合物1の収率は85%に向上したが、グリニャール反応剤のハロゲンを臭素に代えた比較例5では、化合物1の収率は48%にとどまった。こうしたことから、ZnCl2は、グリニャール反応剤のハロゲンが塩素の場合には化合物1の収率を大幅に向上させる効果があるが、ハロゲンが臭素の場合にはそうした効果はあまりみられないことがわかった。なお、ハロゲンをヨウ素に代えた場合も臭素と同様の結果であった。
ここでは、シプロヘプタジン(セロトニン受容体拮抗体であり抗ヒスタミン作用を有する)の合成中間体を製造した。すなわち、上述した一般的手法に準じて、下記式に示す条件を採用してグリニャール反応を行ない、シプロヘプタジンの合成中間体である第3級アルコール(化合物2)をほぼ定量的に得た。化合物2のスペクトルデータを以下に示す。なお、化合物2は、ギ酸処理(Tetrahedron Lett., 1988, vol.29, p5701)によりシクロヘプタジンに誘導することもできた。
ここでは、多種多様の反応基質(ケトン、エステル、ケトエステル)を用い、それに対応する第3級アルコールの収率を検討した。すなわち、実施例6〜31,比較例6〜31では、反応基質の種類を変え、上述した一般的手法に準じて表2及び表3に示す条件を採用してグリニャール反応を行ない、各種の第3級アルコールを得た。その結果を表2及び表3に示す。実施例6〜31は、ZnCl2、TMSCH2MgCl及びLiClが存在する系でグリニャール反応を行なった例であり、比較例6〜31は、ZnCl2、TMSCH2MgCl及びLiClが存在しない系でグリニャール反応を行なった例である。表2から明らかなように、還元体が生成する比較例に対応する実施例では、還元体の生成が抑制され、目的とする第3級アルコールの収率が向上した。また、還元体の生成がゼロの比較例に対応する実施例では、還元体の生成はゼロのまま、目的とする第3級アルコールの収率が向上した。実施例22−1,22−2はアリール基を有するグリニャール反応剤を使用した例であるが、いずれも目的とする第3級アルコールが高収率で得られた。なお、各実施例で得られた第3級アルコールは、1HNMR、13CNMR、HRMSなどのスペクトルデータにより構造を決定した。
ここでは、反応基質として種々のアルデヒド、アルジミン及びアミドを用い、それに対応する求核付加体の収率を検討した。すなわち、実施例32〜36では、上述した一般的手法に準じて表4に示す条件を採用してグリニャール反応を行ない、各種の求核付加体を得た。その結果を表4に示す。実施例32〜36は、ZnCl2、TMSCH2MgCl及びLiClが存在する系でグリニャール反応を行なった例であり、比較例32〜35は、ZnCl2、TMSCH2MgCl及びLiClが存在しない系でグリニャール反応を行なった例である。
ここでは、種々のダミー基R’を持つマグネシウム化合物(R’MgCl)について検討した。すなわち、実施例37〜40では、反応基質としてベンゾフェノン、グリニャール反応剤としてEtMgClを用い、表5に示す条件を採用してグリニャール反応を行ない、第3級アルコールを得た。その結果を表5に示す。なお、表5には、参考までに比較例17の結果も示した。表5から明らかなように、ダミー基R’として、Si上の置換基がメチル基(アルキル基)、イソプロポキシ基(アルコキシ基)、フェニル基(アリール基)のいずれのものを用いた場合でも、還元体の生成が抑制され、第3級アルコールの収率が向上した。
ここでは、種々のハロゲン化金属について検討した。すなわち、実施例41〜43では、反応基質としてアセトフェノン、グリニャール反応剤としてi−PrMgBrを用い、表6に示す条件を採用してグリニャール反応を行ない、第3級アルコールを得た。参考までに、実施例1,2の結果も表6に示した。一方、実施例44,45では、反応基質としてベンゾフェノン、グリニャール反応剤としてEtMgBrを用い、表6に示す条件を採用してグリニャール反応を行ない、第3級アルコールを得た。参考までに、実施例17の結果も表6に示した。これらの結果から明らかなように、ハロゲン化金属として、LiCl以外にNaClやLiBrを用いた場合でも、還元体の生成が抑制され、第3級アルコールの収率が向上した。
Claims (6)
- カルボニル炭素又はイミノ炭素を含む反応基質の前記カルボニル炭素又は前記イミノ炭素に炭化水素基を付加することにより求核付加体を製造する方法であって、
前記反応基質と前記炭化水素基を有するグリニャール反応剤との求核付加反応を、ZnX1 2(X1は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である)と(R3Si)nCH3-nMgX2又は(R3Si)nCH3-nLi(nは1又は2であり、3つのRは同じであっても異なっていてもよいアルキル基、アルコキシ基又はアリール基であり、X2は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である)とMX3(MはLi、Na又はKであり、X3は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である)との存在下で行う、求核付加体の製造方法。 - ZnX1 2 を前記反応基質に対して1〜20mol%使用し、(R3Si)nCH3-nMgX2又は(R3Si)nCH3-nLiをZnX1 2 に対して0.5〜2倍モル使用する、請求項1に記載の求核付加体の製造方法。
- MX3を前記グリニャール反応剤に対して0.9〜1.1倍モル使用する、請求項1又は2に記載の求核付加体の製造方法。
- 炭化水素基を有するグリニャール試薬と、ZnX1 2(X1は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である)と、(R3Si)nCH3-nMgX2又は(R3Si)nCH3-nLi(nは1又は2であり、3つのRは同じであっても異なっていてもよいアルキル基、アルコキシ基又はアリール基であり、X2は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である)とMX3(MはLi、Na又はKであり、X3は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である)とを含む、カルボニル炭素又はイミノ炭素に対する求核付加反応剤。
- ZnX1 2を前記グリニャール反応剤に対して1〜20mol%含み、(R3Si)nCH3-nMgX2又は(R3Si)nCH3-nLiをZnX1に対して0.5〜2倍モル含む、請求項4に記載の求核付加反応剤。
- MX3を前記グリニャール反応剤に対して0.9〜1.1倍モル含む、請求項4又は5に記載の求核付加反応剤。
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