JP5576362B2 - 乳癌を治療するための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
乳癌を治療するための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5576362B2 JP5576362B2 JP2011507559A JP2011507559A JP5576362B2 JP 5576362 B2 JP5576362 B2 JP 5576362B2 JP 2011507559 A JP2011507559 A JP 2011507559A JP 2011507559 A JP2011507559 A JP 2011507559A JP 5576362 B2 JP5576362 B2 JP 5576362B2
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- progesterone
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Description
この出願は、2008年4月28日に出願された米国仮出願No.61/048452の利益を主張し、その内容は参照により本明細書に援用される。
本発明は、乳癌治療のための組成物および方法に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、乳癌を治療するための低グルココルチコイド活性を有する1つまたは複数の選択的プロゲステロン受容体モジュレーターを含む組成物に関する。
2007年には、約200,000人の米国人女性が乳癌と診断されるだろう。最近のデータは、プロゲステロンが本疾患の発症において役割を果たすことを示唆する。
用語「有効用量」は、特定の症状を治療するために十分な組成物の活性成分の量を意味する。
Xは、たとえば、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、水素、ハロ、モノアルキルアミノまたはN,N-ジメチルアミノなどのジアルキルアミノアミノであってもよく;
R1は、たとえば、O、NOHまたはNO-メチルであってもよく;
R2は、たとえば、水素またはアセチルであってもよく;および
R3は、たとえば、メンチルオキシ、ホルミルオキシ、アセトキシ、アシロキシ、S-アルコキシ、アセチルテオニル、グリシメート、ビニルエーテル、アセチルオキシメチル、炭酸メチル、ハロゲン、メチル、ヒドロキシおよびエチルオキシであってもよい。
1. 以下の構造式を有するCDB-4247(21-プロピオニルオキシ-17α-アセトキシ-11β-(4N,N-ジメチルアミノフェニル)-19-ノルプレグナ-4,9-ジエン-3,20-ジオン):
本発明を実施するための錠剤を得るために、以下の成分を錠剤成形機で一緒に圧縮することができる:
10.0 mg CDB-4124
140.5 mg ラクトース
69.5 mg コーンスターチ
2.5 mg ポリ-N-ビニルピロリドン
2.0 mg アエロジル
0.5 mg ステアリン酸マグネシウム
20.0 mg タモキシフェン
50.0 mg CDB-4124
105.0 mg ラクトース
40.0 mg コーンスターチ
2.5 mg ポリ-N-ビニルピロリドン 25
2.0 mg アエロジル
0.5 mg ステアリン酸マグネシウム
10.0 mg ラロキシフェン
30.0 mg CDB-4124
125.0 mg ラクトース
50.0 mg コーンスターチ
2.5 mg ポリ-N-ビニルピロリドン 25
2.0 mg アエロジル
0.5 mg ステアリン酸マグネシウム
100.0 mg CDB-4124
343.4 mg ヒマシ油
608.6 mg 安息香酸ベンジル
一定のある抗プロゲスチンを、ウサギプロゲステロン受容体(rbPR)および糖質コルチコイド受容体(rbGR)の結合能力に関して受容体-結合アッセイで試験した。簡潔には、PRまたはGRを含むサイトゾルを、エストラジオール感作された未成熟のウサギの子宮または胸腺から、それぞれ、TEGMD緩衝液(10mM Tris、pH 7.2、1.5mM EDTA、0.2mMモリブデン酸ナトリウム、10%のグリセロール、1mM DTT)中に調製した。PR結合については、サイトゾルを6nM 1,2-[3H]プロゲステロン(50.0Ci/mmole)と共にインキュベートし、競合物質を2から100nMの濃度で添加した。GRに対する結合については、サイトゾルを6nM 6,7-[3H]-デキサメサゾン(40Ci/mmol)と共にインキュベートし、試験化合物を20から100nMまでの濃度で添加した。4℃で一晩インキュベーションした後、結合および非結合[3H]ステロイドを、デキストラン被覆活性炭の添加して、4℃にて15分間2100×gの遠心分離により分離した。[3H]-ステロイド受容体複合体を含む上清を、4mlのOptifluor(Packard Instrument Co.)を含むバイアルにデカントし、ボルテックスし、30分間液体シンチレーション計数器において平衡化して、次いで2分間計数した。計数データを4パラメーターS字形コンピュータープログラム(RiaSmart(登録商標) Immunoassay Data Reduction Program, Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, Conn.)に入力することによって、各標準曲線および各化合物曲線に関するEC50(有効濃度)を決定した。以下の方程式を使用して各化合物の相対結合親和性(RBA)を算出した:標準のEC50/試験化合物のEC50 x 100。PRおよびGRアッセイに関する標準は、それぞれ非標識プロゲステロンおよびデキサメタゾンであった。これらの実験の結果は、rbPRおよびrbGR受容体に対する各化合物の相対結合親和性の比率(rbPR/rbGR)として、表1に要約してある。この差異は、2つの受容体および必要な転写補因子を有する細胞または組織中の化合物の相対活量を反映する。
乳房の腫瘍を誘導するために、Sprague-Dawley雌ラットに、50日齢にて10mg/kgのDMBAを投与した。14匹のラットの1群(第2群)には、DMBAなしの対照として、DMBAの代わりに50日齢にてゴマ油を投与した。動物は、病変または膨張の何らかの兆候を発見すべく、毎週計量し、また乳腺に沿って触診した。腫瘍小結節を確認し、毎週測径器で計測した。腫瘍が、いずれかの寸法において10-12mmのサイズに増大したとき、個々の動物を無作為に14群の1つに分けた。腫瘍は、強制飼養の39日後すぐに、遅くとも194日で出現した(後者の個体は研究に含めなかった)。腫瘍出現の潜伏期間の平均は106±30日であった。DMBA投与群の間に潜伏に関して差はなかった(p=0.545、Kruskal-Wallis検定)。
動物は28日の治療期間終了の3-5日後に屠殺し、採血し、そして腫瘍を除去し、計量し、計測し、検査し、および一部を組織病理のために凍結および/または10%のリン酸緩衝ホルマリンに入れた。組織試料は、切断して、ヘマトキシリン‐エオジンで染色して、組織病理学的分類を評価した。
CDB-4124、RU486およびプロゲステロンの腫瘍増殖および進行に対するプロゲステロンの作用を評価するために、増殖動態および腫瘍サイズを治療期間の間測定した。試験における腫瘍を有する動物からの個々の腫瘍は、毎週測径器を用いて二次元で測定した。これらの実験の結果は、図1に要約される。データは、非悪性のFA/AF腫瘍型を除外するために修正される。28日の検査期間にわたって少なくとも最低33%まで断面積において増加した腫瘍は、増殖していると考えられる(図1、黒四角)。およそ33%まで減少したものは、退行していると考えられる(図1、白四角)。その他は、静止していると考えられる(図1、灰色四角)。図1に示したように、プロゲステロン処置は増殖している乳房腫瘍を増加させた。
表3は、腫瘍サイズの中央値および動物あたりの全腫瘍重量の合計(腫瘍組織量)に及ぼすプロゲステロン、RU486およびCDB-4124の作用を示す。表3における結果はACA、PCAおよび混合したACA/PCAに対するものであるが、FAまたはAF腫瘍は除外される。
対照動物の体重は、よりよく毒性を評価するため、特にCDB-4124のために、ホルモン療法を受けているものと比較した。動物は、27週の試験期間の間毎週計量した。実験終了時において、処置動物の体重は対照動物に対して有意差は見られず、このことは高用量レベルでさえ、CDB-4124が毒性でないことを示す。
細胞増殖に対するプロゲスチンおよび抗プロゲスチンの作用を評価するために、処置した対照動物からの46の個々のラット腫瘍由来の組織切片を、Ki-67抗体(NeoMarkers, Fremont, CA)を使用する増殖マーカーKi-67の発現測定および免疫組織化学により評価した。第3群および第6群における多くの腫瘍のサイズの減少並びに第3群および第6群における次の処置は、これらを再切断できないほど小さくしたのに対し、第1、3、4、6および11群由来の7-12のASAは再切断された。増殖実験の結果は表4に要約され、増殖はKi-67を発現する細胞のパーセントとして測定された。
増殖およびアポトーシスについて評価された腫瘍は、免疫組織化学(IHC)によって、エストロゲンおよびプロゲステロン受容体の発現についてまた評価された。ERおよびPR陽性の細胞の割合を決定して解析した。腫瘍は、4つの異なるカテゴリーにグループ化した:ER発現細胞が0%の腫瘍、ER発現細胞が10%の腫瘍、ER発現細胞が15〜30%の腫瘍およびER発現細胞が30-50%の腫瘍。一般に、未処置の腫瘍はERを一貫して発現していた。解析された12の腫瘍中、12全てがERを発現していた。これらの12の腫瘍中4つは、30-50%のER陽性細胞を含んでいた。未処置の対照腫瘍とは対照的に、解析されたCDB-4124処置腫瘍の7つのうち3つはER発現細胞を含まず、1つの試料のみが30-50%のER陽性細胞を含んでいた。したがって、Ru 486またはCDB-4124処置は、ER発現細胞の数を減少させた。
未処置の腫瘍は、PRを一貫して発現した(12/12腫瘍)。一般に、未処置の腫瘍はERおよびPRの両受容体を発現し、したがって、多くの悪性腫瘍がこれら2つの転写因子のエクスプレッサーである可能性がある。Ru 486処置はPRにについてはっきりしないようにみえ、CDB-4124はPR発現のレベルを低下させた。興味深いことに、3つの腫瘍において、Ru 486はERを減少させたが、PRの低陽性レベルを保持した。プロゲステロンはPR発現を上昇させる傾向があった。CDB-4124とプロゲステロンの組み合わせは、CDB-4124単独のものと、より似たパターンを生む傾向があった;これは10mg/kgのCDB-4124+10mg/kgプロゲステロンの組み合わせの、腫瘍数、成長パターンおよび腫瘍重量に対する効果と再び一致している。一般に、CDB-4124の長期治療は腫瘍におけるPRのレベルを低下させる傾向があり、一方、プロゲステロンは反対の方向に作用する傾向がある。したがって、腫瘍は、プロゲステロンの存在下においてプロゲステロン反応性を維持する。
ステロイドホルモンの濃度は、試験の間3回測定した:処置開始前、処置の21日後、および最終的には最後の皮下注射後2-4日時点の屠殺時の処置後。全試料は、心臓穿刺によって摂取した。血清を取得し、−40℃にて凍結保持した。ステロイドホルモンのレベルはELISAによって決定した。
Ru 486がヒトおよび霊長類における強力な抗糖質コルチコイド特性を有するため、いくつかの異なる実験系はRu 486がコルチゾールを増加させるという結論を支持する。
コルチコステロンは、ラットにおいて最も大量の糖質コルチコイドである。コルチゾールに対するSPRMの作用は、コルチコステロンに対する最強の効果に次ぎ得る。さらにこの現象を探索するために、コルチコステロンレベルを群において測定したところ、たとえば20mg/kgまたは10mg/kgのCDB-4124で処置した群など、コルチゾールレベルにおいて最強の変化を示した。比較のために、以下の群も分析した:20mg/kg CDB-4124+10mg/kgプロゲステロン投与群、10mg/kg CDB-4124+10mg/kgプロゲステロン投与群、10mg/kg Ru 486投与群、10mg/kgプロゲステロン単独投与群、対照群およびDMBA無投与で腫瘍を有しない群。コルチコステロンレベルは、コルチゾールレベルより10-40倍高かった。しかし、平均コルチコステロンレベルについてはほとんど差がみられなかった。8群間に、治療前(p = 0.43、Kruskal-Wallis検定)、処置の21日後(p = 0.57、Kruskal-Wallis検定)または処置の28日後および屠殺時(p = 0.061、Kruskal-Wallis検定)差はなかった。腫瘍を有する動物と腫瘍のない動物の間に、21日(p = 0.94、t検定、両側)または屠殺時(p = 0.37、t検定、両側)のいずれでも、有意差はなかった。
2つの細胞株を用いた:MCF-7(抗エストロゲン、タモキシフェン感受性細胞株)およびLY-2(タモキシフェン耐性のMCF-7変異体)。増殖は、96ウェルマイクロタイタープレートで測定した。5x103細胞を各ウェルに添加する。培養液および薬液を、Perkin Elmer Cetus Pro/PETTEでウェルに添加する。培養液は5%ウシ胎児血清添加IMEMである。8つの薬剤濃度を、二重に0.078μMから10μMまで試験する。試料は、タモキシフェン単独、本願発明の各化合物とタモキシフェンの組み合わせを含む。
アロマターゼ阻害は、ステロイド受容体陽性の乳癌患者にとって第一選択の治療となった。インビトロでのアロマターゼ阻害薬の有効性の決定は、公知の乳癌細胞がごくわずかなアロマターゼ活性しか発現していないため、困難であった。したがって、アロマターゼを過剰発現するT47D細胞株を、哺乳動物発現ベクターpcDNA3.1にヒト胎盤cDNA由来アロマターゼ遺伝子(hCYP19A1)をクローニングし、対照として空のベクターを保持するT47D乳癌細胞に安定にトランスフェクトして構築した。hCYP19A1を持つ組換えpcDNA3.1のシーケンシングデータは、hCYP19A1 ORF領域に対して100%のBlastヒットを示した。アロマターゼトランスフェクト細胞は、アロマターゼ活性タンパク質の過剰発現についてスクリーニングして選択した。単細胞クローン(T47Darom)のアロマターゼ発現は、RT-PCR、ウエスタンブロット、エストロンELISAおよび細胞増殖アッセイによって確認した。RT-PCRは親T47D細胞と比較してT47DaromにおいてアロマターゼmRNAのおよそ32倍より高い発現を示し、テストステロン誘導の有無にかかわらずアロマターゼmRNAの高発現を明示した。58kdのアロマターゼタンパク質の発現は、マウスモノクローナル抗アロマターゼ抗体を使用して、ウエスタンブロット解析によって確認した。アロマターゼ発現は、T47D対照細胞では検出されなかった。T47Darom細胞における高アロマターゼ活性は、エストロンELISAキットによって確認した。簡潔には、高レベルのエストロンが、T47D対照細胞と比較して、24時間の10nMアンドロステロンでの処置で検出された。エストロンELISAは、T47D対照細胞と比較して、T47Darom細胞において450nMにてより少ない吸収を示す。
Claims (10)
- 乳癌組織増殖を抑制する用量の、CDB-4124(21-メトキシ-17α-アセトキシ-11β-(4N,N-ジメチルアミノフェニル)-19-ノルプレグナ-4,9-ジエン-3,20-ジオン)及びCDB-4059(21-アセトキシ-17α-アセトキシ-11β-(4N,N-ジメチルアミノフェニル)-19-ノルプレグナ-4,9-ジエン-3,20-ジオン)からなる群から選択される化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物と、
有効な量の、アナストロゾール、レトロゾールおよびDL-アミノグルテチミドからなる群より選択されるアロマターゼ阻害薬とを組み合わせたことを特徴とする、それを必要とする女性における乳癌を治療するための医薬であって、ここで前記乳癌は、アロマターゼを過剰発現する細胞を含む、前記医薬。 - 前記化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物と、前記アロマターゼ阻害薬とが、前記女性に同時投与される、請求項1の医薬。
- 前記化合物がCDB-4124である、請求項1の医薬。
- 前記化合物が0.5mg/kg〜500mg/kgの投薬量で投与される、請求項1の医薬。
- 前記女性がホルモン置換療法を受けている女性である、請求項1の医薬。
- 前記女性は、エストロゲン療法を受けている女性である、請求項1の医薬。
- 前記化合物および前記アロマターゼ阻害薬が同時に投与される、請求項1又は2の医薬。
- 乳癌組織増殖を抑制する用量の、CDB-4124及びCDB-4059からなる群から選択される化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物と、
有効な量の、アナストロゾール、レトロゾールおよびDL-アミノグルテチミドからなる群より選択されるアロマターゼ阻害薬とを組み合わせたことを特徴とする、乳癌組織の増殖を阻害するための医薬であって、ここで前記乳癌組織は、アロマターゼを過剰発現する細胞を含む、前記医薬。 - 前記化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物と、前記アロマターゼ阻害薬とが、前記乳癌組織に同時に接触する、請求項8の医薬。
- 前記化合物がCDB-4124である、請求項8又は9の医薬。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CL2009001011A1 (es) | 2009-09-25 |
CA2722637A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
IL208845A0 (en) | 2011-01-31 |
MY161549A (en) | 2017-04-28 |
ME01122B (me) | 2013-03-20 |
ZA201007648B (en) | 2011-07-27 |
EA201071250A1 (ru) | 2011-04-29 |
KR20110003553A (ko) | 2011-01-12 |
US20110053900A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
TW201002330A (en) | 2010-01-16 |
AU2009241360A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
CN102099040A (zh) | 2011-06-15 |
CN102099040B (zh) | 2013-06-19 |
MX2010011273A (es) | 2010-12-21 |
US20140343022A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
HK1155084A1 (en) | 2012-05-11 |
IL208845A (en) | 2016-08-31 |
CA2722637C (en) | 2015-03-10 |
UA101192C2 (uk) | 2013-03-11 |
WO2009134723A9 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
EA019224B1 (ru) | 2014-02-28 |
IL247093A0 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
TWI539953B (zh) | 2016-07-01 |
EP2293798A1 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
AR071419A1 (es) | 2010-06-16 |
NI201000184A (es) | 2011-08-10 |
AU2009241360B2 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
KR101349737B1 (ko) | 2014-02-07 |
BRPI0911112A2 (pt) | 2015-10-06 |
WO2009134723A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
JP2011518883A (ja) | 2011-06-30 |
EP2974772A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
NZ589534A (en) | 2012-08-31 |
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