JP5543607B2 - 潤滑及び潤滑油組成物 - Google Patents
潤滑及び潤滑油組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5543607B2 JP5543607B2 JP2012536827A JP2012536827A JP5543607B2 JP 5543607 B2 JP5543607 B2 JP 5543607B2 JP 2012536827 A JP2012536827 A JP 2012536827A JP 2012536827 A JP2012536827 A JP 2012536827A JP 5543607 B2 JP5543607 B2 JP 5543607B2
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- lubricating oil
- phenylenediamine
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- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQHSFMJHURNQIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(2-ethylhexyl) silicate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO[Si](OCC(CC)CCCC)(OCC(CC)CCCC)OCC(CC)CCCC MQHSFMJHURNQIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropan-2-yl silicate Chemical compound CC(C)O[Si](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003558 thiocarbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
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- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/061—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings used as base material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/066—Arylene diamines
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
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- C10N2030/45—Ash-less or low ash content
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
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- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
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- C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives
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Description
本発明は、潤滑油組成物用の無灰TBN(Total Base Number:全塩基価)ブースターとして有用なフェニレンジアミン化合物、及びこの化合物を含有する、硫酸塩灰分(Sulfated ash:SASH)濃度が低下した潤滑油組成物、特にクランクケース潤滑油組成物に関する。
米国特許第5,232,614号は、潤滑油組成物用の有効な抗酸化物質として置換パラ−フェニレンジアミンを記載している。英国特許第296592号は、N,N,N’−トリアルキル−N’−アリール−p−フェニレンジアミンを記載しているが、過酸化物−架橋ポリエチレン組成物用の抗酸化物質としてである。アルキル基のうちの2個は、1から4個の炭素原子を有する。
(a)主要量の潤滑剤としての粘性をもつ油中に、少量の請求項1に記載の1種又は複数のN−アリール−N,N’,N’−トリ脂肪族ヒドロカルビルフェニレンジアミンを加え、ASTM D4739で測定したTBNを、SASHを同時に増加することなく、高め、API CJ−4及びACEA E6規格の範囲に入る高温ベンチ腐食試験(ASTM D6594)における銅腐食性能を有し、MB p228.51規格の範囲に入るMB−AK6試験におけるフッ素エラストマーエンジンシール材料適合性能を有する潤滑油組成物を製造するステップ;
(b)前記潤滑油組成物をエンジンクランクケースに提供するステップ;及び
(c)前記エンジンを作動するステップ。
本発明の第4の態様によれば、第1の態様におけるように、高馬力エンジン潤滑剤用のACEA E6、MB p228.51、API CI−4+及びAPI CJ−4規格の1つ又は複数の性能基準を満たす潤滑油組成物が提供される。
「活性成分」又は「(a.i.)」は、希釈剤又は溶媒ではない添加物質を指し;
「含む(comprising)」又は任意の同系用語は、記載された特徴、ステップ、又は整数又は成分が存在することを明らかにするものであり、しかし、1種又は複数の他の特徴、ステップ、整数、成分又はそれらの群の存在又は添加を除外するものではなく;「からなる(consist of)」又は「から本質的になる(consist essentially of)」という表現又は同系は、「含む(comprise)」又は同系の範囲を包含することができ、ここで、「から本質的になる(consist essentially of)」は、それが適用される組成物の特性に物質的に影響を与えない物質の含有を許容し;
「主要量(major amount)」は、組成物の50質量%を上回ることを意味し;
「少量(minor amount)」は、組成物の50質量%未満を意味し;
「TBN」は、示されたようにASTM D2896又はASTM D4739によって測定された全塩基価を意味する。
本明細書においてさらに:
「リン含有量」は、ASTM D5185による測定により;
「硫酸塩灰分含有量」は、ASTM D874による測定により;
「硫黄含有量」は、ASTM D2622による測定により;
「KV100」は、ASTM D445によって測定された100oCにおける動粘度を意味し;
「ヒドロカルビル」、及び同系用語は、炭素及び水素原子を含有し、炭素原子を介して直接分子の残りに結合している基を指す。それらは、ヘテロ原子を含有することができるが、但し、このようなヘテロ原子が、ヒドロカルビル基の炭化水素としての性質に本質的に影響を及ぼさないことを条件とする。
式中、R1は、アリールであり、R2、R3及びR4のそれぞれは、独立に直鎖C1〜C12脂肪族ヒドロカルビル、好ましくはアルキル、最も好ましくはC5〜C8、アルキルであり;
R5、すなわち、それぞれのR5は、独立に水素又はヒドロカルビル、好ましくは1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアルキルであり;
nは、0〜4である。
a)グループI原料は、表1に指定された試験方法を使用して、90パーセント未満の飽和物及び/又は0.03パーセントより多くの硫黄を含有し、80以上及び120未満の粘度指数を有する。
b)グループII原料は、表1に指定された試験方法を使用して、90パーセント以上の飽和物及び0.03パーセント以下の硫黄を含有し、80以上及び120未満の粘度指数を有する。
c)グループIII原料は、表1に指定された試験方法を使用して、90パーセント以上の飽和物及び0.03パーセント以下の硫黄を含有し、120以上の粘度指数を有する。
d)グループIV原料は、ポリアルファオレフィン(PAO)である。
e)グループV原料には、グループI、II、III、又はIVに含まれない全ての他の原料が含まれる。
特に好ましいのは、コハク酸無水物基で置換されたポリイソブチレンから誘導され、ポリエチレンアミン、例えば、ポリエチレンジアミン、テトラエチレンペンタミン;又はポリオキシアルキレンポリアミン、例えば、ポリオキシプロピレンジアミン、トリメチロールアミノメタン;ヒドロキシ化合物、例えば、ペンタエリトリトール;及びそれらの組合せと反応させた無灰分散剤である。特に好ましい分散剤の組合せは、コハク酸無水物基で置換され、1モルの(A)当たり約0.3から約2モルの(B)、(C)及び/又は(D)を使用して、(B)ヒドロキシ化合物、例えば、ペンタエリトリトール;(C)ポリオキシアルキレンポリアミン、例えば、ポリオキシプロピレンジアミン、又は(D)ポリアルキレンジアミン、例えば、ポリエチレンジアミン及びテトラエチレンペンタミンと反応させた(A)ポリイソブチレンの組合せである。別の好ましい分散剤の組合せは、米国特許第3,632,511号に記載されたように、(A)ポリイソブテニルコハク酸無水物の(B)ポリアルキレンポリアミン、例えば、テトラエチレンペンタミン、及び(C)多価アルコール又はポリヒドロキシ置換脂肪族第一級アミン、例えば、ペンタエリトリトール又はトリメチロールアミノメタンとの組合せを含む。
式中、R及びR’は、1から18まで、好ましくは2から12個までの炭素原子を含有する同じ又は異なるヒドロカルビルラジカルであってよく、アルキル、アルケニル、アリール、アリールアルキル、アルカリル及び脂環式ラジカルなどのラジカルを含む。R及びR’基として特に好ましいのは、2〜8個の炭素原子のアルキル基である。したがって、上記ラジカルは、例えば、エチル、n−プロピル、i−プロピル、n−ブチル、i−ブチル、sec−ブチル、アミル、n−ヘキシル、i−ヘキシル、n−オクチル、デシル、ドデシル、オクタデシル、2−エチルヘキシル、フェニル、ブチルフェニル、シクロヘキシル、メチルシクロペンチル、プロペニル、ブテニルであってよい。油溶性を得るために、ジチオリン酸における炭素原子(即ち、R及びR’)の合計数は、一般的に約5以上である。したがって、亜鉛ジヒドロカルビルジチオホスフェートは、亜鉛ジアルキルジチオホスフェートを含むことができる。組成物の総質量に対して約0.02から約0.12質量%、例えば、約0.03から約0.10質量%、又は約0.05から約0.08質量%のリン濃度を含有する潤滑剤組成物と共に使用される場合、本発明は、特に有用であり得る。好ましい一実施形態において、本発明の潤滑油組成物は、主に(例えば、50モル%超、例えば、60モル%超)第2級アルコールから誘導された亜鉛ジアルキルジチオホスフェートを含有する。
Mo(ROCS2)4及びMo(RSCS2)4
式中、Rは、一般的に1から30個までの炭素原子、及び好ましくは2〜12個の炭素原子の、アルキル、アリール、アラルキル及びアルコキシアルキルからなる群から選択される有機基であり、最も好ましくは2〜12個の炭素原子のアルキルである。特に好ましいのは、モリブデンのジアルキルジチオカルバメートである。
潤滑油組成物の塩基性度は、酸滴定によって求めることができる。得られる中和価は、全塩基価、又はTBNとして表され、様々な方法を使用して測定され得る。無灰塩基供給源を評価するために習慣的に選択される2つの方法は、ASTM D4739(電位差塩酸滴定)及びASTM D2896(電位差過塩素酸滴定)である。ASTM D2896は、ASTM D4739に比べてより強い酸及びより極性の強い溶媒系を使用する。より強い酸及びより極性の強い溶媒の組合せは、強塩基及び弱塩基の両方の存在を測定するより再現性のある方法をもたらす。ASTM D2896で測定されたTBN値は、新しい油仕様においてしばしば使用される。ASTM D4739の方法は、TBN減少/保持を測定するのにエンジン試験及び使用される油で有利である。一般的に、ASTM D4739の方法は、より強い塩基性種のみが滴定されるために、より低い測定TBN値をもたらす。
以下のフェニレンジアミン(「PDA」)を使用した。
PDA1:N,N,N1−トリ−n−ペンチル−N1−フェニル−p−フェニレンジアミン
PDA2:N,N,N1−トリ−イソ−ブチル−N1−フェニル−p−フェニレンジアミン(比較用)
PDA3:N,N,N1−トリ−(2−エチルヘキシル)−N1−フェニル−p−フェニレンジアミン(比較用)
PDA4:N,N1−ジ−イソ−ブチル−N−(1−メチルデシル)−N1−フェニル−p−フェニレンジアミン(比較用)
PDA1:N−フェニル−N,N’,N’−トリ−n−ペンチル−p−フェニレンジアミン
ジクロロメタン(500mL)中のN−フェニル−p−フェニレンジアミン(22.4g、122mmol)及びナトリウムトリアセトキシボロヒドリド(100g、472mmol)の懸濁液を、還流冷却器を備えた1リットルフラスコ中において室温で撹拌した。バレルアルデヒド(40.7g、472mmol)を、少しずつ(毎20分5mL)添加した。この反応物を室温で終夜放置した。反応が完了したことがTLCによって示され、飽和水性NaHCO3を用いてクエンチした。この混合物を分配し、有機相を飽和水性NaHCO3、水及びブラインで洗浄した。有機相をMgSO4で脱水し、濾過し、濃縮して、濃色の油が得られ、これをカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製した。
油中に存在する塩基性成分の量は、酸滴定によって求めることができる。得られる中和価は、全塩基価、又はTBNとして表される。添加したPDAによってもたらされる追加のTBNを測定するために、ASTM方法のD2896及びD4739の両方で、参照油中で1%及び2%の処理量において、試料を試験した。D4739の方法は、D2896と比べて極性がより弱い溶媒及びより弱い酸を使用し、そのため、より強い塩基だけが滴定される。D4739は、酸を中和する油の能力のより正確な尺度として、さらにこの特性に関連したより良い性能のためしばしば使用される。
基油中に分散剤、洗浄剤混合物、酸化防止剤、ZDDP摩耗防止剤、流動点降下剤及び粘度調整剤を含有する完全配合潤滑油組成物を調製した。市販クランクケース潤滑剤を代表する潤滑油組成物を、対照(参照)潤滑剤として使用した。
例1における完全配合潤滑油を、腐食及びシール適合性へのPDA1の作用を求めるためにさらに試験した。腐食を、配合油が、API CJ−4及びACEA E6の認証を受ける前に合格しなければならない高温腐食ベンチ試験(HTCBT)(ASTM D6595)を使用して試験した。シール適合性を、MB p228.51潤滑剤としての資格を得るために合格しなければならない業界標準のMB−AK6試験を使用して評価した。シール適合性及び腐食の両方を、参照油のTBNに対して二つのTBN上昇(D4739で測定)をもたらす量のPDA1の存在下で試験した。結果は、表IVに示されている。
Claims (13)
- 主要量の潤滑剤としての粘性をもつ油、及び、少量の1種又は複数のN−アリール−N,N’,N’−トリ脂肪族ヒドロカルビルフェニレンジアミン化合物を含む又はそれらを混合することによって生成され、各脂肪族ヒドロカルビル基が炭素数5から12までの直鎖状のアルキル基である、クランクケース潤滑油組成物。
- 少なくとも6のASTM D4739により測定されたTBNを有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 0.8質量%以下のSASH含有量を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- ASTM D4739で測定した組成物のTBNの少なくとも10%が、前記フェニレンジアミン化合物から得られ、組成物のTBNの25%未満が、塩基性分散剤を含めた、前記フェニレンジアミン化合物以外の無灰TBN供給源から得られる、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- API CJ−4及びACEA E6規格の範囲に入る高温ベンチ腐食試験(ASTM D6594)における銅腐食性能を有し、MB p228.51規格の範囲に入るMB−AK6試験におけるフッ素エラストマーエンジンシール材料適合性能を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 1から30質量%までの1種又は複数の前記フェニレンジアミン化合物;10から40質量%までの窒素含有分散剤;2から20質量%までのアミン系酸化防止剤、フェノール系酸化防止剤、モリブデン化合物、又はそれらの混合物;5から40質量%までの洗浄剤;及び2から20質量%までの金属ジヒドロカルビルジチオホスフェートを含む請求項1に記載の潤滑油組成物の調製用の濃縮物。
- 運転中の圧縮点火内燃エンジンの表面を潤滑する方法であって、
(a)主要量の潤滑剤としての粘性をもつ油中に、少量の請求項1に記載の1種又は複数のN−アリール−N,N’,N’−トリ脂肪族ヒドロカルビルフェニレンジアミンを加え、ASTM D4739で測定したTBNを、SASHを同時に増加することなく、高め、API CJ−4及びACEA E6規格の範囲に入る高温ベンチ腐食試験(ASTM D6594)における銅腐食性能を有し、MB p228.51規格の範囲に入るMB−AK6試験におけるフッ素エラストマーエンジンシール材料適合性能を有する潤滑油組成物を製造するステップ;
(b)前記潤滑油組成物をエンジンクランクケースに提供するステップ;及び
(c)前記エンジンを作動するステップ
を含む上記方法。 - 450から700までの平均分子量を有する、請求項8に記載のフェニレンジアミン。
- 窒素原子が、互いにパラに配置されている、請求項8に記載のフェニレンジアミン。
- 請求項8から10までのいずれか一項に記載のフェニレンジアミン化合物の混合物。
- N−フェニル−N,N’,N’−トリ−n−ペンチル−p−フェニレンジアミン。
- ASTM D4739で測定されたTBNが、少なくとも50mg KOH/gである、請求項8、9、10、及び12のいずれか一項に記載のフェニレンジアミン。
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