JP5522503B2 - 光半導体素子、光電変換素子及び光変調素子 - Google Patents
光半導体素子、光電変換素子及び光変調素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5522503B2 JP5522503B2 JP2008193799A JP2008193799A JP5522503B2 JP 5522503 B2 JP5522503 B2 JP 5522503B2 JP 2008193799 A JP2008193799 A JP 2008193799A JP 2008193799 A JP2008193799 A JP 2008193799A JP 5522503 B2 JP5522503 B2 JP 5522503B2
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 599
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 82
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title description 44
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 490
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 33
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH3] PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000038 ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005428 wave function Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier
- H01L31/105—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier the potential barrier being of the PIN type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/028—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping material or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
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- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Description
本発明の第1の実施形態に係る光電変換素子の構成を図2で説明する。本実施形態の光半導体素子としての光電変換素子20は、図2(a)に示すように、エピタキシャル成長によって、p型Si半導体層11と、i型SixGe1−x半導体層(但し、0≦x≦0.6)21と、i型Si半導体層22と、n型Si半導体層23とが基板から順に積層され、PIN構造が形成されている。但し、図2では、p型Si半導体層11はp−Siと記載し、i型SixGe1−x半導体層21はi−SixGe1−xと記載し、i型Si半導体層22はi−Siと記載し、n型Si半導体層23はn−Siと記載した。
本発明の第2の実施形態に係る光変調素子の構成を図2で説明する。本実施形態の光半導体素子としての光変調素子20は、図2(a)に示すように、エピタキシャル成長によって、p型Si半導体層11と、i型SixGe1−x半導体層(但し、0≦x≦0.6)21と、i型Si半導体層22と、n型Si半導体層23とが基板から順に積層され、PIN構造が形成されている。但し、図2では、p型Si半導体層11はp−Siと記載し、i型SixGe1−x半導体層21はi−SixGe1−xと記載し、i型Si半導体層22はi−Siと記載し、n型Si半導体層23はn−Siと記載した。
次に、p型Si半導体層、i型SixGe1−x半導体層、i型Si半導体層、n型Si半導体層が順に積層された光半導体素子の製造工程について説明する。但し、本製造工程では、断らない限りx=0の場合について説明する。
本発明の第4の実施形態に係る光半導体素子の構成を図10で説明する。本実施形態の光半導体素子としての光電変換素子あるいは光変調素子30は、図10(a)に示すように、エピタキシャル成長によって、n型Si半導体層31と、i型SixGe1−x半導体層(但し、0≦x≦0.6)21と、i型Si半導体層22と、p型Si半導体層33とが基板から順に積層され、PIN構造が形成されている。但し、図10では、n型Si半導体層31はn−Siと記載し、i型SixGe1−x半導体層21はi−SixGe1−xと記載し、i型Si半導体層22はi−Siと記載し、p型Si半導体層33はp−Siと記載した。
次に、n型Si半導体層、i型SixGe1−x半導体層、n型Ge半導体層、i型Si半導体層、p型Si半導体層が順に積層された光半導体素子としての光電変換素子あるいは光変調素子の製造工程について説明する。但し、本製造工程では、断らない限りx=0の場合について説明する。
20、30、40:光半導体素子、光電変換素子又は光変調素子
11:p型Si半導体層
12:i型Ge半導体層
13:n型Si半導体層
21:i型SixGe1−x半導体層
22:i型Si半導体層
23:n型Si半導体層
31:n型Si半導体層
33:p型Si半導体層
41:導波路
42:p電極
43:n電極
Claims (12)
- p型Si半導体層とn型Si半導体層との間に、i型Si x Ge 1−x 半導体層(但し、0≦x≦0.6)及びi型Si半導体層が挟まれ、印加する0V以上の逆バイアスのON/OFFを制御することによって、前記i型SixGe1−x半導体層に入射した光信号に対して、Franz−Keldysh効果を用いて吸収率を可変とすることを特徴とする光変調素子。
- p型Si半導体層とn型Si半導体層との間に、i型Si x Ge 1−x 半導体層(但し、0≦x≦0.6)及びi型Si半導体層が挟まれ、印加する0V以上の逆バイアスのON/OFFを制御することによって、前記i型SixGe1−x半導体層に入射した光信号に対して、Franz−Keldysh効果を用いて屈折率を可変とすることを特徴とする光変調素子。
- 前記i型SixGe1−x半導体層と前記i型Si半導体層との間に、n型Si半導体層、n型Ge半導体層及びn型SiGe半導体層のいずれかの半導体層をさらに有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の光変調素子。
- p型Si半導体層、i型Si x Ge 1−x 半導体層(但し、0≦x≦0.6)、i型Si半導体層、n型Si半導体層が順に積層され、印加する0V以上の逆バイアスのON/OFFを制御することによって、前記i型SixGe1−x半導体層に入射した光信号に対して、Franz−Keldysh効果を用いて吸収率を可変とすることを特徴とする光変調素子。
- p型Si半導体層、i型Si x Ge 1−x 半導体層(但し、0≦x≦0.6)、i型Si半導体層、n型Si半導体層が順に積層され、印加する0V以上の逆バイアスのON/OFFを制御することによって、前記i型SixGe1−x半導体層に入射した光信号に対して、Franz−Keldysh効果を用いて屈折率を可変とすることを特徴とする光変調素子。
- n型Si半導体層、i型Si x Ge 1−x 半導体層(但し、0≦x≦0.6)、i型Si半導体層、p型Si半導体層が順に積層され、印加する0V以上の逆バイアスのON/OFFを制御することによって、前記i型SixGe1−x半導体層に入射した光信号に対して、Franz−Keldysh効果を用いて吸収率を可変とすることを特徴とする光変調素子。
- n型Si半導体層、i型Si x Ge 1−x 半導体層(但し、0≦x≦0.6)、i型Si半導体層、p型Si半導体層が順に積層され、印加する0V以上の逆バイアスのON/OFFを制御することによって、前記i型SixGe1−x半導体層に入射した光信号に対して、Franz−Keldysh効果を用いて屈折率を可変とすることを特徴とする光変調素子。
- 前記i型SixGe1−x半導体層と前記i型Si半導体層との間に、n型Si半導体層、n型Ge半導体層及びn型SiGe半導体層のいずれかの半導体層を有することを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載の光変調素子。
- 前記i型SixGe1−x半導体層と前記i型Si半導体層との間に有する前記n型Si半導体層、前記n型Ge半導体層又は前記n型SiGe半導体層のn型キャリア濃度が1011cm−3以上、1014cm−3以下であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の光変調素子。
- 前記i型Si半導体層の厚さが20nm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の光変調素子。
- 前記i型SixGe1−x半導体層(但し、x=0)とその両側の層のうち少なくとも一方との間にi型SiyGe1−y半導体層(0<y<1)を更に有することを特徴とする請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の光変調素子。
- 前記i型Si半導体層に替えて、i型SipGe1−p半導体層(0.5<p<x)を用いることを特徴とする請求項1から11のいずれかに記載の光変調素子。
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JP2008193799A JP5522503B2 (ja) | 2008-07-28 | 2008-07-28 | 光半導体素子、光電変換素子及び光変調素子 |
PCT/JP2009/063394 WO2010013693A1 (ja) | 2008-07-28 | 2009-07-28 | 光半導体素子、光電変換素子及び光変調素子 |
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CN107210308B (zh) | 2014-11-13 | 2018-06-29 | 光澄科技股份有限公司 | 光吸收设备 |
US9799689B2 (en) | 2014-11-13 | 2017-10-24 | Artilux Inc. | Light absorption apparatus |
JP2020500332A (ja) * | 2016-11-23 | 2020-01-09 | ロックリー フォトニクス リミテッドRockley Photonics Limited | 光電気デバイス |
JP7059771B2 (ja) * | 2018-04-19 | 2022-04-26 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 受光素子 |
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JPH06224459A (ja) * | 1992-12-02 | 1994-08-12 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 受光素子 |
JP2748917B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-22 | 1998-05-13 | 日本電気株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
JPH09307133A (ja) * | 1996-05-10 | 1997-11-28 | Victor Co Of Japan Ltd | フォトダイオードとその製造方法 |
JP2001284630A (ja) * | 2000-03-29 | 2001-10-12 | Minolta Co Ltd | 半導体光電変換素子ならびにその使用方法および製造方法 |
JP2003163361A (ja) * | 2001-11-29 | 2003-06-06 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 受光素子および光通信デバイス |
US7233051B2 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-06-19 | Intel Corporation | Germanium/silicon avalanche photodetector with separate absorption and multiplication regions |
JP2008140808A (ja) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-19 | Kazumi Wada | 光検出器 |
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