JP5508540B2 - 超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム - Google Patents
超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5508540B2 JP5508540B2 JP2012537281A JP2012537281A JP5508540B2 JP 5508540 B2 JP5508540 B2 JP 5508540B2 JP 2012537281 A JP2012537281 A JP 2012537281A JP 2012537281 A JP2012537281 A JP 2012537281A JP 5508540 B2 JP5508540 B2 JP 5508540B2
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- Prior art keywords
- air
- heat
- heat exchanger
- supercritical
- expander
- Prior art date
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 97
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 78
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009865 steel metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFULAYFCSOUIOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteamine Chemical compound NCCS UFULAYFCSOUIOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
- F01K3/004—Accumulation in the liquid branch of the circuit
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K5/00—Plants characterised by use of means for storing steam in an alkali to increase steam pressure, e.g. of Honigmann or Koenemann type
- F01K5/02—Plants characterised by use of means for storing steam in an alkali to increase steam pressure, e.g. of Honigmann or Koenemann type used in regenerative installation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
- F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
- F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
- F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
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- F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
- F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/04084—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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- F25J3/044—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a single pressure main column system only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
- F25J3/04575—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for a gas expansion plant, e.g. dilution of the combustion gas in a gas turbine
- F25J3/04581—Hot gas expansion of indirect heated nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
- F25J3/04842—Intermittent process, so-called batch process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/24—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using regenerators, cold accumulators or reversible heat exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/04—Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/08—Cold compressor, i.e. suction of the gas at cryogenic temperature and generally without afterstage-cooler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
- F25J2235/02—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams using a pump in general or hydrostatic pressure increase
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
- F25J2240/10—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/90—Hot gas waste turbine of an indirect heated gas for power generation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
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Description
蓄熱型熱交換器は管路(20,21,22)を介して高圧膨張機、低圧膨張機のそれぞれに連通する。蓄冷型熱交換器の底端にはスラグ排出管路(24)が設けられる。そのプロセスが以下の通りである。蓄エネルギーするとき、低圧圧縮機と高圧圧縮機とからなる圧縮機セットを駆動ユニットによって駆動し、一定量の空気を超臨界状態になるまで圧縮し、圧縮熱を回収するとともに蓄熱型熱交換器(2)に蓄積する。超臨界空気は蓄冷型熱交換器に入って冷却され、大部分の低温圧縮空気がスロトッルを通過した後に液化され、液体空気が低温貯蔵タンクに入って貯蔵される。エネルギー放出の時に、液体空気は低温ポンプによって加圧され、高圧液体空気は蓄冷型熱交換器において超臨界状態になるまで昇温するとともに冷エネルギーを回収し、超臨界空気は蓄熱型熱交換器(2)において圧縮熱を吸収してさらに昇温した後、高圧膨張機と低圧膨張機とからなる膨張機セットに入って膨張して仕事し、発電機を運転させて発電する。
前記超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステムの圧縮空気の流量は動作空気の流量より大きく、超過量が動作空気流量の10%未満である。
超臨界空気又は液体空気は蓄冷型熱交換器において、蓄冷媒体と直接接触熱交換或いは非直接接触熱交換する。エネルギーを蓄積する時、蓄冷型熱交換器は超臨界空気を冷却し、エネルギー放出の時、蓄冷型熱交換器は高圧液体空気の昇温過程において放出された冷量を回収するとともに蓄積する。
Claims (25)
- 圧縮機セット、蓄熱型熱交換器、蓄冷型熱交換器、スロットル、低温貯蔵タンク、バルブ、低温ポンプ、膨張機セット、発電機、駆動ユニット及び複数の管路を含む超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステムであって、
圧縮機セットは少なくとも1台の低圧圧縮機と少なくとも1台の高圧圧縮機とを含み、少なくとも1台の低圧圧縮機及び少なくとも1台の高圧圧縮機が互いに直列連結又は集積して一体多段圧縮機を形成し、それぞれの低圧圧縮機の入口が空気源に接し;膨張機セットは少なくとも1台の低圧膨張機と少なくとも1台の高圧膨張機とを含み、少なくとも1台の低圧膨張機及び少なくとも1台の高圧膨張機が互いに直列連結又は集積して一体多段膨張機を形成し、それぞれの低圧膨張機の気体出口が大気に連通し;
駆動ユニットは圧縮機セットの伝動軸に固接し、発電機は膨張機セットの伝動軸に固接し;
低圧圧縮機は管路(13)を介して、高圧圧縮機は管路(14,15)を介して蓄熱型熱交換器(2)にそれぞれ連通し;蓄熱型熱交換器(2)、蓄冷型熱交換器及び低温貯蔵タンクは管路(16,17,18,19,30)を介してこの順に連通し;
管路(30)にはスロットルが設けられ、管路(31)にはバルブ、及び少なくとも1台の低温ポンプが設けられ、バルブが低温ポンプの上流に位置し;
蓄熱型熱交換器は管路(20,21,22)を介して高圧膨張機、低圧膨張機のそれぞれに連通し;
蓄冷型熱交換器の底端にはスラグ排出管路(24)が設けられ;
そのプロセスが以下の通りである:
蓄エネルギーするとき、低圧圧縮機と高圧圧縮機とからなる圧縮機セットを駆動ユニットによって駆動し、一定量の空気を超臨界状態になるまで圧縮し、圧縮熱を回収するとともに蓄熱型熱交換器(2)に蓄積し;超臨界空気は蓄冷型熱交換器に入って冷却され、大部分の低温圧縮空気がスロトッルを通過した後に液化され、液体空気が低温貯蔵タンクに入って貯蔵され;エネルギー放出の時に、液体空気は低温ポンプによって加圧され、高圧液体空気は蓄冷型熱交換器において超臨界状態になるまで昇温するとともに冷エネルギーを回収し、超臨界空気は蓄熱型熱交換器(2)において圧縮熱を吸収してさらに昇温した後、高圧膨張機と低圧膨張機とからなる膨張機セットに入って膨張して仕事し、発電機を運転させて発電する、
ことを特徴とする超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。 - 前記駆動ユニットは駆動電機又は風力タービンであり;前記駆動ユニットが駆動電機である場合、常規発電所オフピーク電力、原子力発電、風力発電、太陽エネルギー発電、水力発電及び潮流発電のうちの1種以上を電源とする、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 蓄エネルギー過程は電力使用オフピーク時、再生可能エネルギー電力制限時、或いは電気エネルギーの品質が配電網用電力の要求を満たさない時に開始され;エネルギー放出過程は電力使用ピーク時、電力事故時、再生可能エネルギー発電が大幅に変動する時に開始される、ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 前記蓄熱型熱交換器(2)には、外部熱源に連通する管路(23)がさらに設けられている、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 空気圧縮、冷却過程には、空気中の固体物及び不純物ガスを除去するための空気浄化及び純化がさらに含まれ;空気浄化及び純化設備が圧縮機セット及び蓄冷型熱交換器中に集積される、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 空気圧縮、冷却、液化設備の正常動作及び液体空気の生産高に対する原料空気中のCO2、水蒸気及びアルゴンの影響が小さい場合、前記空気純化設備は濾過装置である、ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 前記圧縮機セットの総圧縮比は38〜340であり;前記圧縮機セットが多台の圧縮機である場合、多台の圧縮機は同軸直列連結形式又は分軸並列連結形式であり;多台の圧縮機の並列連結形式において、各分軸は主駆動軸に動的に接続し;各段圧縮機の排気はいずれも蓄熱型熱交換器(2)を通過する、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 前記膨張機セットの総膨張比は38〜340であり、末段膨張機の排気が常圧に近く;前記膨張機セットが多台の膨張機である場合、多台の膨張機は同軸直列連結形式又は分軸並列連結形式であり;多台の膨張機の並列連結形式において、各分軸は主駆動軸に動的に接続し;各段膨張機の入気はいずれもまず蓄熱型熱交換器を通過して加熱昇温される、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 前記圧縮機はピストン式、軸流式、遠心式、スクリュー式又は混合式である、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 前記膨張機はピストン式、軸流式、向心式、スクリュー式又は混合式である、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 前記圧縮機セットが多台の圧縮機であり、前記膨張機セットが多台の膨張機である場合、多台の圧縮機、多台の膨張機は一本又は複数本の駆動軸上に分布される、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 圧縮空気の流量は動作空気の流量より大きく、超過量が動作空気流量の10%未満である、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 蓄熱型熱交換器(25)をさらに含み、蓄熱型熱交換器(25)は管路(26,27)を介して太陽集熱器に連通して担熱循環回路を形成し;
蓄熱型熱交換器(2)、蓄熱型熱交換器(25)、低圧膨張機、及び高圧膨張機は管路(20,21,22)を介してこの順に接続され、仕事回路を形成し;
そのプロセスが以下の通りである:
蓄熱型熱交換器(2)を出た超臨界空気は蓄熱型熱交換器(25)において高温まで加熱された後、管路(20)を介して高圧膨張機に入って膨張して仕事し、高圧膨張機の出口空気はさらに管路(21)、蓄熱型熱交換器(2)、蓄熱型熱交換器(25)、及び管路(22)をこの順に通過して段間加熱昇温を完成した後、低圧膨張機に入って膨張して仕事する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。 - 前記蓄熱型熱交換器の蓄熱形式は、顕熱、潜熱及び化学反応熱のうちの1種以上であり;
採用する蓄熱媒体は、水、パラフィン、生物質油、無機類結晶水和塩、溶融塩、金属及びその合金、有機類脂肪酸、石、岩石、及びコンクリートのうちの1種以上であり、蓄熱媒体が断熱容器に貯蔵され;
蓄熱型熱交換器(2)は蓄エネルギーする時、圧縮機からの圧縮熱を回収するとともに蓄積し、エネルギー放出の時、蓄熱型熱交換器(2)は各段膨張機に入る前の圧縮空気を加熱し;
同時に、エネルギー放出の時、管路(23)を介して余熱、廃熱を送入することにより、蓄熱型熱交換器(2)に熱量を補充する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。 - 前記蓄冷型熱交換器は、顕熱蓄冷及び固液相変蓄冷のうちの1種又はその組合せによって超臨界空気を81K〜150Kに冷却し;
採用する顕熱蓄冷媒体は、密封アイスボール、砂粒、コンクリート、アルミニウムストリップ及び他の金属物質のうちの1種以上であり;採用する固液相変蓄冷媒体は、固液相変温度が81K〜273Kであるアンモニア及びその水溶液、塩類水溶液、アルカン類、オレフィン類物質及びその化合物、アルコール類及びその水溶液のうちの1種以上であり、蓄冷媒体が断熱容器に貯蔵され;
超臨界空気又は液体空気は蓄冷型熱交換器において、蓄冷媒体と直接接触熱交換或いは非直接接触熱交換し;
蓄エネルギーする時、蓄冷型熱交換器は超臨界空気を冷却し、エネルギー放出の時、蓄冷型熱交換器は高圧液体空気の昇温過程において放出された冷量を回収するとともに蓄積する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。 - 前記蓄冷型熱交換器は低温冷量が不足である場合、低温ターボ膨張機又はスロットル装置を加えることにより冷量補充を提供し;同時に、低温圧縮空気はスロットルを通過した後にその大部分が液化され、液化されていない小部分の低温空気が冷量補償を提供する、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 前記低温貯蔵タンクはデュアー瓶又は低温貯蔵槽であり、その中の液体空気が常圧又は加圧状態で貯蔵される、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜16のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 前記低温ポンプは往復式、遠心式又は混合式であり、液体空気を3.8MPa〜34MPaに増圧し;低温ポンプが多台である場合、多台の低温ポンプは多段直列連結又は並列連結である、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜17のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 空気から分離された気体製品を生産するとき、蓄冷型熱交換器と低温貯蔵タンクとの間の管路(32,33)に空気分離装置が設けられ、空気分離装置の底部に管路(29)が設けられ;
そのプロセスが以下の通りである:
蓄冷型熱交換器において一定の温度まで冷却された低温流体は空気分離設備に入った後、分離された気体製品は管路(29)を介して引き出され、純化された液体製品は管路(33)を介して低温貯蔵タンクに送られて貯蔵される、
ことを特徴とする請求項1〜18のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。 - 低圧膨張機排気を空調、冷房に用いるとき、低圧膨張機の入口温度と膨張比を調整することにより低圧膨張機出口気体(B)の温度を制御する、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜19のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 蓄エネルギーするとき、圧縮機セットの第一段圧縮機の入気量を制御することにより蓄エネルギー能力を調整する、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜20のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 前記圧縮機セットの第一段圧縮機の入気量を制御することは、圧縮機負荷を調整すること、一部の圧縮機を開閉すること、或いは圧縮比を調整することにより実現される、ことを特徴とする請求項21に記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- エネルギー放出のとき、液体空気の気化量を制御することにより発電能力を調整する、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜22のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 余熱、廃熱又は太陽集熱を蓄熱型熱交換器(2,25)に蓄積することにより超臨界空気を加熱する、或いは、余熱/廃熱熱交換器によって超臨界空気を直接に加熱することにより、膨張機に入る前の超臨界空気の温度を向上させる、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜23のいずれかに記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
- 前記余熱、廃熱は発電所、セメント業界、鉄鋼冶金業界、化工業界の余熱、廃熱であり;余熱、廃熱は蓄熱型熱交換器(2)に蓄積され、太陽集熱は蓄熱型熱交換器(25)に蓄積される、ことを特徴とする請求項24に記載の超臨界空気蓄エネルギーシステム。
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