CN108252750A - 一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统 - Google Patents

一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统 Download PDF

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CN108252750A
CN108252750A CN201810017766.9A CN201810017766A CN108252750A CN 108252750 A CN108252750 A CN 108252750A CN 201810017766 A CN201810017766 A CN 201810017766A CN 108252750 A CN108252750 A CN 108252750A
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air
compression
heat
efficiently
heat exchanger
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谢英柏
薛晓东
杨凯中
提梦桃
徐承美
王鹏辉
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North China Electric Power University
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North China Electric Power University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0296—Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink
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    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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    • F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/24—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using regenerators, cold accumulators or reversible heat exchangers
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    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/40—Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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Abstract

一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统，它包括压缩热收集系统、空气液化系统及空气膨胀发电系统。本发明是利用电网夜间富余电能驱动空气压缩机，洁净空气经过双级压缩，每一级级间将其压缩热收集，并且储存在储热器当中；被压缩的高压空气经过冷箱进行冷却，通过制冷机进一步降温，然后进入低温透平做功，带动低温发电机进行发电，最后将液态空气储存到液态空气储罐；发电时，将液态空气用低温泵加压后通过气化换热器，然后气态空气经过换热器进一步被之前收集的压缩热加热后到达膨胀机进行做功，带动发电机发电。本发明是一种有效利用压缩废热的储能发电技术，没有污染，拥有广泛的应用前景。

Description

一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统，尤其是一种将压缩过程的产生废热进行有效利用的新型液化空气储能发电系统，属于绿色能源技术领域。
背景技术
近年来，储能技术得到了高速发展，出现了液化空气储能、电瓶车蓄电池、抽水蓄能、压缩空气蓄能等，生活中人们司空见惯的这些现象，都是储能技术的应用。一时间，储能从幕后走向前台，俨然成了能源领域最热的“风口”。储能产业由技术积累向商业化迈进。储能是智能电网、可再生能源高占比能源系统、能源互联网的重要组成部分和关键支撑技术。储能能够为电网运行提供调峰、调频、备用、黑启动、需求响应支撑等多种服务，是提升传统电力系统灵活性、经济性和安全性的重要手段。液化空气储能发电系统作为一种新技术，有效利用压缩热，可以提高系统效率，无污染，经济效益高。
中国储能行业正处于由技术积累向商业化初期迈进的“临界点”。储能产业在技术装备研发、关键技术、材料、模块、系统等方面需要攻关，重点示范工程和应用场景需要创新和突破，从而引领产业走向持续稳定的商业化发展道路。
液化空气储能是一种极具潜力的大规模储能技术，传统的压缩空气储能技术存在储能密度低、储存容积大等缺点，应用推广受到很大限制。液态空气储能技术是一种新兴的压缩空气储能技术，相比于传统压缩空气储能技术，能量储存密度显著提高。因此，提出一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统，其核心过程为将空气降温液化后进行存储，在用电高峰期将液态空气引出进行发电。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统。
本发明所述问题是以下述技术方案实现的：
一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统，它包括压缩热收集系统、空气液化系统及空气膨胀发电系统。本发明是利用电网夜间富余电能驱动空气压缩机，洁净空气经过双级压缩，每一级级间将其压缩热收集，并且储存在储热器当中；被压缩的高压空气经过冷箱进行冷却，通过制冷机进一步降温，然后进入低温透平做功，带动低温发电机进行发电，最后将液态空气储存到液态空气储罐；发电时，将液态空气用低温泵加压后通过气化换热器，然后气态空气经过换热器进一步被之前收集的压缩热加热后到达膨胀机进行做功，带动发电机发电；
所述压缩热收集系统由电动机，空气压缩机A，换热器A，空气压缩机B，换热器B，储冷器，储热器组成；
所述空气液化系统由冷箱，制冷机，低温透平，低温发电机，液态空气储罐，控制阀A，低温泵，气化换热器，蓄冷器，控制阀B，蓄热器，控制阀C组成；
所述空气膨胀发电系统由换热器C，膨胀机A，换热器D，膨胀机B，发电机组成。
上述一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统，所述压缩热收集系统中采用储热器，将空气压缩过程中产生的热量进行收集，在发电时加热空气，将压缩热有效利用，可以提高系统效率。
上述一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统，所述空气液化系统中采用低温发电机，高压空气经过低温透平时带动低温发电机旋转发电。
另外，本发明还具有如下优点：
1、本发明有效利用压缩废热，提高系统循环效率；
2、本发明用处理后的干净空气作为循环工质，绿色无污染；
3、本发明中洁净空气经过双级压缩，每一级级间将其压缩热收集，并且储存在储热器当中，然后气态空气经过换热器进一步被收集的压缩热加热后到达膨胀机进行做功，实现了整个系统无需补燃，有效利用压缩热的同时提供效率，使整个装置的寿命延长。
4、本发明不受地理条件的限制，应用范围广，具有良好的商业前景。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。
图1为本发明一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统图。
图中各标号为：1、电动机；2、空气压缩机A；3、换热器A；4、空气压缩机B； 5、换热器B；6、冷箱；7、制冷机；8、低温透平；9、低温发电机；10、液态空气储罐；11、控制阀A；12、低温泵；13、气化换热器；14、蓄冷器；15、控制阀B；16、蓄热器；17、控制阀C；18、换热器C；19、膨胀机A；20、换热器D；21、膨胀机B；22、发电机；23、储冷器；24、储热器。
具体实施方式
本发明是一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统，该系统包括压缩热收集系统、空气液化系统及空气膨胀发电系统，这三种系统的结合实现本发明的目的，利用电网夜间富余电能驱动空气压缩机，洁净空气经过双级压缩，每一级级间将其压缩热收集，并且储存在储热器当中；被压缩的高压空气经过冷箱进行冷却，通过制冷机进一步降温，然后进入低温透平做功，带动低温发电机进行发电，最后将液态空气储存到液态空气储罐；发电时，将液态空气用低温泵加压后通过气化换热器，然后气态空气经过换热器进一步被之前收集的压缩热加热后到达膨胀机进行做功，带动发电机发电；从而实现了压缩热的有效利用，满足了用户在用电高峰期用电的需求。
整个系统由压缩热收集系统、空气液化系统及空气膨胀发电系统组成，如图1所示。压缩热收集系统由电动机(1)，空气压缩机A(2)，换热器A(3)，空气压缩机B(4)，换热器B(5)，储冷器(23)，储热器(24)组成。该系统利用电网夜间富余电能驱动空气压缩机，洁净空气经过双级压缩，每一级级间将其压缩热收集，并且储存在储热器当中。
空气液化系统由冷箱(6)，制冷机(7)，低温透平(8)，低温发电机(9)，液态空气储罐(10)，控制阀A(11)，低温泵(12)，气化换热器(13)，蓄冷器(14)，控制阀B (15)，蓄热器(16)，控制阀C(17)组成。被压缩的高压空气经过冷箱进行冷却，通过制冷机进一步降温，然后进入低温透平做功，带动低温发电机进行发电，最后将液态空气储存到液态空气储罐。
空气膨胀发电系统由换热器C(18)，膨胀机A(19)，换热器D(20)，膨胀机B (21)，发电机(22)组成。该系统在需要发电时，将液态空气用低温泵加压后通过气化换热器，然后气态空气经过换热器进一步被之前收集的压缩热加热后到达膨胀机进行做功，带动发电机发电。
本发明一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统，洁净空气经过双级压缩，每一级级间将其压缩热收集，并且储存在储热器当中，然后气态空气经过换热器进一步被收集的压缩热加热后到达膨胀机进行做功，实现了整个系统无需补燃，有效利用压缩热的同时提供效率，使整个装置的寿命延长。
本发明一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统，有利于资源的循环利用，不受地理条件的限制，有效利用压缩废热，提高系统循环效率，采用的工质是处理后的干净空气，绿色无污染，应用范围广，具有良好的商业前景。
以上所述的具体实施方式，对本发明的目的、各个系统的工作流程进行了进一步的详细说明，从而实现了一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统。

Claims (3)

1.一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统，其特征在于，它包括压缩热收集系统、空气液化系统及空气膨胀发电系统三部分；
所述压缩热收集系统由电动机(1)，空气压缩机A(2)，换热器A(3)，空气压缩机B(4)，换热器B(5)，储冷器(23)，储热器(24)组成；
所述空气液化系统由冷箱(6)，制冷机(7)，低温透平(8)，低温发电机(9)，液态空气储罐(10)，控制阀A(11)，低温泵(12)，气化换热器(13)，蓄冷器(14)，控制阀B(15)，蓄热器(16)，控制阀C(17)组成；
所述空气膨胀发电系统由换热器C(18)，膨胀机A(19)，换热器D(20)，膨胀机B(21)，发电机(22)组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统，其特征在于，压缩热收集系统中采用储热器，将空气压缩过程中产生的热量进行收集，在发电时加热空气，将压缩热有效利用，可以提高系统效率。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种有效利用压缩热的液化空气储能发电系统，其特征在于，空气液化系统中采用低温发电机，高压空气经过低温透平时带动低温发电机旋转发电。
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