JP5502590B2 - 天然ガス流液化方法及び装置 - Google Patents
天然ガス流液化方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5502590B2 JP5502590B2 JP2010105774A JP2010105774A JP5502590B2 JP 5502590 B2 JP5502590 B2 JP 5502590B2 JP 2010105774 A JP2010105774 A JP 2010105774A JP 2010105774 A JP2010105774 A JP 2010105774A JP 5502590 B2 JP5502590 B2 JP 5502590B2
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- natural gas
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- propane
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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- F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
- F25J1/0238—Purification or treatment step is integrated within one refrigeration cycle only, i.e. the same or single refrigeration cycle provides feed gas cooling (if present) and overhead gas cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
- F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
- F25J1/0239—Purification or treatment step being integrated between two refrigeration cycles of a refrigeration cascade, i.e. first cycle providing feed gas cooling and second cycle providing overhead gas cooling
- F25J1/0241—Purification or treatment step being integrated between two refrigeration cycles of a refrigeration cascade, i.e. first cycle providing feed gas cooling and second cycle providing overhead gas cooling wherein the overhead cooling comprises providing reflux for a fractionation step
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
- F25J1/025—Details related to the refrigerant production or treatment, e.g. make-up supply from feed gas itself
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0256—Safety aspects of operation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
- F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
- F25J1/0278—Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
- F25J2280/10—Control for or during start-up and cooling down of the installation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/02—Comparison of processes or apparatuses
Description
C=(γ・R・T/MW)0.5 (1)
ここで、γ=HFCの断熱指数、R=一般気体定数(8.314J/mol・K)、T=コンプレッサー内の任意の点でのHFCの温度、MW=HFCの分子量である。音速(C)は流体の分子量の平方根に逆比例する。従って、高い分子量の冷媒は音速が小さくなる。たいていのコンプレッサーの設計は、インペラー先端のマッハ数(Ma)を亜音速レベル(すなわち1.0未満)に制限する。Maは次の式によって計算される。
Ma=Π×RPM×先端径/C (2)
ここで、RPM=インペラーの毎分の回転数、Π=3.14159、そしてC=式(1)から計算された音速である。Maを亜音速レベル(すなわち1.0未満)に制限するためには、コンプレッサーを十分に小さい速度(RPM)で運転しなければならず、あるいはインペラーの直径を小さくしなければならない。
段当たり動力=Vt,out×UT (5)
Claims (20)
- 天然ガス流を液化するための方法であって、
液化のための脱水された天然ガス流を供給する工程、
該脱水された天然ガス流を予冷装置で予冷する工程であって、該予冷をハイドロフルオロカーボン(HFC)冷媒を用いて行う予冷工程、
該予冷された脱水された天然ガス流を主熱交換器において気化される炭化水素混合冷媒冷却剤との間接的熱交換によって更に冷却して液化した天然ガス製品流を製造する工程、
を含み、該混合冷媒冷却剤がエタン、メタン、窒素、及び3モル%以下のプロパンを含む、天然ガス流液化方法。 - 該天然ガス流液化方法が浮遊式生産貯蔵積出プラットホーム(FPSO)上で行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該混合冷媒冷却剤が2モル%未満のプロパンを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該混合冷媒冷却剤が1モル%未満のプロパンを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該ハイドロフルオロカーボン冷媒がR410Aである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該ハイドロフルオロカーボン冷媒の温度変位が7℃以下である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該予冷された脱水された天然ガス流をスクラブ塔に供給して、そこで該予冷された脱水された天然ガス流を精留し、該予冷された脱水された天然ガス流に存在する重質炭化水素の一部を除去すること、該精留と除去を施した天然ガス流を該スクラブ塔から該予冷装置に送り戻して、そこで該精留と除去を施した天然ガス流を更に冷却し部分的に凝縮させること、該冷却し部分的に凝縮させた天然ガス流を分離器で分離して、該天然ガス流の液体部分は昇圧して該スクラブ塔に還流の流れとして送るとともに、該天然ガス流の蒸気部分は該主熱交換器に送って該液化天然ガス製品流を製造すること、を更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該炭化水素混合冷媒冷却剤を該予冷装置において予冷してから該主熱交換器で気化させることを更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 出力タービンを始動させる前にガス発生装置によって駆動される空気コンプレッサーで圧力を発生させ、該出力タービンは少なくとも該脱水された天然ガス流を液化のために予冷する多段HFCコンプレッサーを駆動すること、及び
該ガス発生装置から吐出される高温、高圧のガスを用いて該出力タービンに必要な大きな始動トルクを供給すること、
を更に含み、該出力タービンの始動を該HFC冷媒を放出することなく行う、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 天然ガス流を液化するための装置であって、
多段ハイドロフルオロカーボン(HFC)コンプレッサー、
該多段HFCコンプレッサーと流体接続された予冷装置であって、脱水された天然ガス流をHFC冷媒を用いて予冷するための少なくとも一つの蒸発器を含む予冷装置、
該予冷装置と流体接続された主熱交換器であって、該予冷された脱水された天然ガス流を更に冷却して液体天然ガス製品流を製造するための主熱交換器、
を含み、該主熱交換器における寒冷を、エタン、メタン、窒素、及び3モル%以下のプロパンを含む気化される混合冷媒冷却剤により提供する、天然ガス流液化装置。 - 該装置は浮遊式生産貯蔵積出プラットホーム(FPSO)上で動作する、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 2モル%以下のプロパンを含む該気化される混合冷媒冷却剤が該主熱交換器における寒冷を提供する、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 該多段HFCコンプレッサーに動力を供給する多軸ガスタービン駆動装置を更に含み、該多軸ガスタービン駆動装置は、
第一の軸につながる該多段HFCコンプレッサーに接続された出力タービン、
第二の軸につながる該出力タービンに流体接続されたガス発生装置、
該第二の軸につながる該ガス発生装置と接続された空気コンプレッサー、及び
該空気コンプレッサー及び該ガス発生装置と流体接続され、高温、高圧のガスを該ガス発生装置に供給するための燃焼器、
を含む、請求項10に記載の装置。 - 該多段コンプレッサーに動力を供給する電動モーターアセンブリを更に含み、該電動モーターアセンブリは、
該多段HFCコンプレッサーに接続された電動モーター、
該電動モーターに接続された電源、
を含む、請求項10に記載の装置。 - 該電動モーターの電源が浮遊式生産貯蔵積出プラットホーム(FPSO)の電力供給網又は多軸ガスタービンによって駆動される発電機である、請求項14に記載の装置。
- 該蒸発器が多管式の蒸発器である、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 該主熱交換器は巻きコイル型交換器である、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 該主熱交換器と該予冷装置との間に、該混合冷媒冷却剤を該主熱交換器で気化させる前に該予冷装置に供給するための導管を更に含む、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 天然ガス流を液化するための方法であって、
液化のための脱水された天然ガス流を供給する工程、
該脱水された天然ガス流を予冷装置で予冷する工程であって、該予冷をハイドロフルオロカーボン(HFC)冷媒を用いて行う予冷工程、
該予冷された脱水された天然ガス流を主熱交換器において気化される炭化水素混合冷媒冷却剤との間接的熱交換によって更に冷却して液化した天然ガス製品流を製造する工程、
を含み、該混合冷媒冷却剤が天然ガス流から得られるメタン流と、大部分がエタンであるエタン富化流と、大部分が窒素である窒素流とを含む混合物である、天然ガス流液化方法。 - 該天然ガス流液化方法が浮遊式生産貯蔵積出プラットホーム(FPSO)上で実施される、請求項19に記載の方法。
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MY148563A (en) | 2013-04-30 |
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PE20100826A1 (es) | 2010-12-30 |
US20100281915A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
AR076522A1 (es) | 2011-06-15 |
KR101223798B1 (ko) | 2013-01-17 |
EP2251625A3 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
KR20120139646A (ko) | 2012-12-27 |
EP2251625A2 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
CN101880560A (zh) | 2010-11-10 |
AU2010201730B2 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
BRPI1001534A2 (pt) | 2015-08-18 |
JP2010261038A (ja) | 2010-11-18 |
MX2010004379A (es) | 2010-11-23 |
RU2010117633A (ru) | 2011-11-10 |
AU2010201730A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
CA2701981A1 (en) | 2010-11-05 |
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