JP5496615B2 - Waterproofing method, waterproof structure and fiber plate on top of concrete slab - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a waterproof method for a concrete floor slab such as a bridge or an elevated road, a waterproof structure, and a fiber plate used therefor.

  In a concrete floor slab installed on a steel girder or concrete girder in a road bridge such as a bridge or an elevated road, the rainwater that has entered from the damaged part of the pavement penetrates into the floor slab from the cracked part. Reduces the durability. Furthermore, in recent years, fatigue damage of concrete slabs has increased due to the increase in vehicle weight and the amount of traffic on large vehicles. Under such circumstances, in order to improve the durability of the concrete slab, it is required to improve the performance of waterproofing applied to the upper surface of the concrete slab, including economic efficiency and workability.

  Conventionally, concrete floor slab waterproofers are used to form floor slab waterproofing layers by melting modified asphalt waterproofing material or dissolving synthetic rubber with a solvent and spraying or applying it. Floor coating waterproof flooring layer obtained by reaction-curing reaction resin to form a coating film, and waterproof sheet molded into film by impregnating modified asphalt into fiber base material It is roughly divided into two types, a sheet-type floor slab waterproofing layer that is formed on a plate and bonded.

  Coating-type floor slab waterproof layers are classified into three types: asphalt heating type that heats and melts asphalt materials, rubber solvent type in which synthetic rubber is dissolved in an organic solvent, and reactive resin type that uses a reactive resin such as a thermosetting resin. Is done.

In the asphalt heating type, a waterproof material in which synthetic rubber or the like is added to asphalt is heated and melted at the time of construction and applied by mechanical spraying or brushing to form a floor slab waterproof layer having a thickness of about 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm. There are advantages such as good construction efficiency, less blistering of pavement and good adhesion to asphalt pavement.
In the rubber solvent type, a waterproof material in which a synthetic rubber such as chloroprene rubber is dissolved in a volatile solvent is applied to the floor slab several times with a brush or the like to form a waterproof slab layer. Care must be taken as the floor slab waterproof layer is easily damaged during paving.

  In the case of a reactive resin type, in many cases, a main agent and a curing agent are mixed and applied onto a floor slab at the time of construction, and cured by a chemical reaction to form a floor slab waterproof layer having a thickness of 1 mm to 3 mm. Synthetic resins such as urethane resin, epoxy resin, and methacrylic resin are used as the main agent. In general, the reactive resin type has stable elongation characteristics and strength characteristics and is excellent in waterproofness and chemical resistance, but it has poor adhesion to pavement materials. It is necessary to sprinkle dredged sand and immediately pave the paving material before it hardens. In the reactive resin type, pinholes and scratches become waterproof defects. Careful attention is paid to uneven coating and scratches on the coated film after curing, and they are reliably repaired before pavement construction. There is a need.

The sheet-type floor slab waterproof layer has a flow-through type that attaches a waterproof sheet through a primer and asphalt for application, a heat-weld type that welds a waterproof sheet coated with an adhesive that melts by heating, and has adhesiveness at room temperature It is classified into three types, a room temperature adhesive type using a waterproof sheet coated with an adhesive.
The waterproof sheet of the sheet-type floor slab waterproofing layer is obtained by impregnating a modified asphalt with a base material formed of a non-woven fabric or a woven fabric such as polyester or glass fiber, and has a thickness of 1.0 to 3. Many are about 5 mm. The sheet-type floor slab waterproof layer is excellent in waterproofness, adhesion to floor slabs and pavements, followability to cracks in the floor slab, etc., and has a long history of use.

In the cast-on type, the floor slab coated with a primer is poured with melted asphalt for heating to form a waterproof slab layer by attaching a waterproof sheet. The waterproof sheet asphalt and the sticking asphalt are fused to form a strong floor slab waterproof layer.
For the heat welding type, the waterproof sheet is heated with an electric heater to increase the adhesive force and adhered to the floor slab coated with a primer, and the floor slab waterproof layer is constructed, and the waterproof sheet is heated with a torch burner, etc. There is a method in which a floor slab waterproof layer is formed by melting and bonding asphalt in the lower layer.
The room temperature pressure-sensitive adhesive type comprises a floor slab waterproof layer by directly attaching a waterproof sheet made of asphalt having high adhesive strength at room temperature to a floor slab coated with a primer. The room temperature adhesive type does not require a special construction machine and is excellent in workability. Moreover, the occurrence of blistering is relatively small.

  Conventionally, waterproofing of concrete floor slabs employs about 60% of sheet-based waterproofing as compared to about 40% of coating-based waterproofing. However, it has been pointed out that, based on the results of a follow-up survey, the actual bridge decks to which these floor slabs have been waterproofed by the conventional method do not satisfy the required performance of the waterproof works set in recent years. For example, it is known that there are unsatisfactory performance for each construction method, such as resistance to tearing by aggregate, slip resistance, adhesion strength, crack resistance, vertical shear strength, workability, economy, etc. It turns out to be necessary.

  On the other hand, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a concrete floor slab waterproofing in which the basic layer structure is a concrete floor slab-thermosetting paint film urethane waterproof layer-porous thermoplastic resin sheet-asphalt pavement. A structure is disclosed. In the disclosed invention, the same asphalt-based waterproof layer as the pavement material has been generally used. The urethane is a thermosetting resin that maintains strength even at 60 ° C. or higher and maintains elasticity at −30 ° C. or lower. The system waterproof layer is going to be adopted.

  In the invention described in Patent Document 1, since the adhesion between the urethane waterproof layer and the asphalt pavement is poor, a sheet of a thermoplastic resin such as an ethylene vinyl acetate polymer is interposed to provide a bond between the waterproof layer and the pavement. It is improving. In addition, the thermoplastic resin sheet laid down through the adhesive layer thinly applied on the cured urethane waterproof layer is at least partially heated by pressing the asphalt pavement material heated from 130 ° C to 160 ° C. Is dissolved, and the asphalt layer, the urethane waterproof material and the thermoplastic sheet layer are joined and integrated.

  In the concrete slab waterproof structure disclosed in Patent Document 1, the holes provided in the thermoplastic resin sheet make it easy for water and air bubbles remaining in a slight gap formed on the contact surface of the sheet to come out, and the bonding efficiency with each layer Has the effect of increasing Although the construction is relatively easy, the long drying time and curing time are disadvantageous when pavement is replaced. It is necessary to prevent the ethylene vinyl acetate polymer sheet from being turned over during paving.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a structure of a road bridge in which a fiber reinforced layer interposed in a resin mortar layer is provided on the upper surface of a concrete floor slab to reinforce the floor slab. The structure disclosed in Patent Document 2 has a basic layer structure of concrete floor slab-first resin mortar layer-resin reinforcement layer-second resin mortar layer-sheet-based waterproof layer-salt sand layer-as rubber-based adhesive layer- Asphalt pavement. In the disclosed structure, the resin reinforcing layer (CFRP molded plate) has a predetermined width B (for example, 50 mm) and a predetermined thickness C (for example, 2 mm) and has a shape that is long (for example, 1300 mm) in the width direction of the road bridge, The fiber reinforcing layer group is laid out at a predetermined interval A (for example, 25 mm) in the longitudinal direction of the road bridge.

Note that the floor slab waterproof layer in the road bridge structure disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a sheet-based waterproof layer formed on the second resin mortar layer, and the fiber reinforced layer is not related to waterproofing. It plays the role of ensuring the strength of the plate.
According to the structure of the road bridge disclosed in Patent Document 2, since the fiber reinforced layer is interposed in the resin mortar layer that can be said to be a part of the concrete floor slab, an improvement in load resistance and weight reduction are achieved, and the service life is shortened. Can be prolonged. However, since the number of steps in the construction is large and the arrangement of the fiber reinforcement layer is difficult, the workability and the economic efficiency are not necessarily good.

JP-A-2005-113376 JP 2004-169346 A

  As stated above, concrete floor slabs such as road bridges are also required to improve the performance of waterproofing, including economic efficiency and workability, in order to improve durability. Then, when the use track record of the concrete floor slab waterproofer according to the prior art was verified again, the result shown in FIG. 10 was obtained.

FIG. 10 is a table showing typical results from the results of performance evaluation of a road bridge concrete floor slab waterproofing work by a typical conventional method and a method disclosed in the literature. In addition, the performance of the waterproofing work of the present invention is displayed at the bottom.
FIG. 11 is a drawing showing a basic layer structure of the concrete floor slab waterproofer exemplified in FIG. 10.

In FIGS. 10 and 11, waterproofing work A is a conventional representative paint film-based waterproofing work, in which a liquid material obtained by liquefying a synthetic rubber-based waterproofing material is applied in a primer shape, and asphalt is paved through a tack coat. It is constituted by doing.
Waterproofer B shows the waterproofer disclosed in Patent Document 1 as a representative of the improved coating-based waterproofer. The layer structure is concrete floor slab-primer-coated urethane waterproof layer-urethane bonding adhesive layer-asphalt bonding adhesive layer-asphalt pavement. Instead of an asphalt waterproof layer, a waterproof layer using urethane that maintains strength at high temperatures and maintains elasticity at low temperatures is adopted.

The waterproofing work C is a sheet-type waterproofing work, and is a heating type waterproof structure in which a heated and attached floor slab waterproofing work or a heat welding type slab waterproofing work is arranged in the primer layer on the floor slab.
The waterproofing D is a room temperature adhesive sheet-based floor slab waterproofing.
Furthermore, the waterproofing work E shows the waterproofing work disclosed in Patent Document 2 as an improvement technique of the sheet-based waterproofing work. A resin mortar layer is laminated on a concrete floor slab, a sheet waterproof layer is provided on the resin mortar layer, and an asphalt pavement layer is provided via a rubber-based adhesive layer, and a fiber reinforced layer is provided in the resin mortar layer.

In the table of FIG. 10, the performance column is provided in the horizontal direction. ◯ in the table indicates a case where it is determined that the required level is exceeded, Δ is an acceptable level, and x indicates that the required level is not satisfied.
In the performance column in the table shown in FIG. 10, the 30-year durability is a comprehensive evaluation of whether or not it can withstand use for 30 years. It is determined that the conventional waterproofers A, C, and D have no 30-year durability based on the performance evaluation. On the other hand, the waterproofers B and E described in the literature and the waterproofer according to the present invention are estimated to have 30-year durability.

The asphalt tear resistance is an evaluation of whether or not the floor slab waterproofing is easily damaged due to the indentation load of the aggregate of the asphalt at the time of paving when considering the durability for 30 years. The coating-based waterproofing work A is problematic in that the aggregate may bite during asphalt pavement rolling and the waterproofing work may be torn. Other waterproofers are above acceptable levels.
The blistering resistance is an evaluation of whether or not the internal moisture is likely to cause blistering such as swelling or floating on the asphalt surface due to water vapor. The sheet-type heat-resistant waterproofing C has many problems with blistering, but the other waterproofing has a permissible level of blistering.

Slip resistance (shear strength) is an evaluation of the ease of slipping between constituent layers of waterproofing, that is, the strength of the bonding force in the surface direction. The peel resistance (adhesion strength) is an evaluation of the bonding force in the vertical direction between the constituent layers.
In the case of sheet-based waterproofing C and D by the conventional construction method, considering the durability for 30 years, both the slip resistance and the peeling resistance are low and problematic, but the other waterproofing is above the allowable level. .

Crack resistance is an evaluation of the resistance of a waterproofer against cracks in concrete floor slabs. If the followability is high, the waterproofer will stretch and maintain waterproof performance even if cracks occur in the floor slab. If the property is low, when the surface of the concrete slab to which the waterproofer is bonded is cracked, the waterproofer will tear and impair the waterproof performance.
The sheet system including the film-based waterproofing work A and the waterproofing work D of the conventional construction method is a problem that is easily damaged, for example, the waterproof work is also cracked due to cracking of the concrete slab. Other waterproofers, including the heated sheet-based waterproofer C, have high followability with respect to cracks and are less problematic.

The heat resistance or temperature dependency is a problem of the required level of temperature control during construction, but strict temperature control is not required in any waterproofing work.
Concavity and convexity resistance (vertical shear strength) is used to evaluate whether waterproofing is easy to break when concrete floor slabs are progressively deteriorated, resulting in areas with severe irregularities. It can be evaluated by a crack followability test (low temperature flexibility test) for examining the damage state of the steel. If the unevenness resistance is high, even if the floor slab surface is uneven, the waterproofer is well bonded and is not easily broken.
The conventional waterproofing system A and the waterproofing system C using a heating type sheet have low unevenness resistance and are relatively easily destroyed.

The curing time is the time from the resin layer construction until the resin is fully cured, and does not include the time related to asphalt pavement. Although the conventional technique takes 60 minutes or more, the waterproofing disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 requires a curing time of 100 minutes or more.
Here, the curing rate of the resin can be adjusted by the type and temperature of the resin and the amount of the curing agent added. Therefore, if you want to speed up the curing rate, you can increase the amount of hardener added, but if you do so, the time to lay (construct) the resin on the work surface after mixing the hardener with the resin (this is the pot life) Is also shortened at the same time.
For this reason, it is necessary to adjust the type of resin and the amount of hardener added so that the pot life can be increased in conventional technologies that cannot prevent wrinkles and twists, such as when film-like sheets are laid on the resin. Inevitably, the curing time will be longer.

The workability is an evaluation of the ease of construction based on the complexity of the process, the level of construction technology, the level of skill required, and the need for special machines. The heating type waterproof sheet C is problematic because the waterproof sheet is easily broken. Moreover, in the waterproofing work E of patent document 2, since there are many processes, it cannot be said that workability is good. In addition, in waterproofing work B of patent document 1, since a special machine is used, workability falls a little.
The economy is evaluated by considering the material cost, construction cost, construction time, etc. comprehensively. Economically, waterproof work A is the best, and waterproof works B and E described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are bad.

  As discussed above, when the concrete floor slab waterproofers are used again, some of the prior art concrete floor slab waterproofers have sufficient performance such as 30-year durability required in new traffic conditions. In addition, it can be seen that the waterproof work B and E estimated to have durability for 30 years still have problems in workability and economy.

  Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a concrete floor slab waterproofing method and a waterproof structure that are particularly excellent in workability and economy while having durability for 30 years. It is assumed that other performance will not deteriorate.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the concrete floor slab waterproofing method of the present invention includes a step of applying a resin bonding primer on the upper surface of a construction portion of the concrete floor slab, and applying an adhesive resin on the resin bonding primer. A step of laying a fiber plate, which is a thin plate formed by curing a flexible resin in which a fiber base material is immersed, and having a through-hole on the entire surface of the thin plate, on the upper surface of the adhesive resin; A process of pressing the plate from the upper surface so that the adhesive resin overflows into the through hole of the fiber plate, and a coating type adhesive that is compatible with asphalt on the upper surface of the fiber plate or the upper surface of the adhesive resin overflowing the through hole. A step of applying, and a step of paving asphalt on the surface to which the coating adhesive has been applied.

In the concrete floor slab constituted by the waterproofing method of the present invention, the adhesive resin layer and the fiber plate layer exhibit waterproof performance.
The fiber plate is configured as a thin plate formed by curing an unpolymerized flexible resin in which a fiber base material is immersed in a polymerization reaction.

  In the concrete floor slab waterproofing method of the present invention, a fiber plate in which a fiber base material is embedded in a flexible resin is manufactured at the factory, and this is spread on the adhesive resin layer of the construction part and pressed from above to bond adhesive resin. It is buried in the layer and the adhesive resin is cured and fixed. Also, when placing the fiber base material in a waterproofing work, the film-like fiber base material wound in a roll is placed while being spread in the adhesive layer, and further added with an adhesive and cured on-site. Compared with the construction method, in the waterproof construction method of the present invention, the fiber plate has a moderate hardness, is much easier to handle than the film-like fiber base material, and laying work is accelerated. Moreover, in the construction method using the fiber plate of the present invention, since a large portion of the adhesive resin has already been cured and the amount of resin to be cured on site is small, the curing time is shortened to about 30 minutes, for example, as a whole. Work time can be reduced.

In addition, since the time required for the laying work is shortened, the pot life for securing the work time until the resin is cured can be shortened.
Thus, in the waterproof construction method of the present invention, the pot life can be shortened due to the resin plate having good laying workability, and as a result, the curing time can be shortened. Furthermore, if the curing time is short, a large area can be constructed quickly. This is especially true for repair work involving night traffic restrictions, which also leads to a reduction in construction costs.

In addition, since a fiber plate is formed with flexible resin, the operator can handle a fiber plate as a thin plate which maintains a flat plate shape at the time of construction, and workability is good. In addition, there is no wrinkle at the time of laying or difficulty in eliminating air by taking in air as in the case of using a conventional film-like fiber sheet.
Furthermore, since the through holes are provided on the entire surface of the fiber plate, air can be prevented from remaining on the lower surface, and the bonding resin is impregnated into the fiber plate through the through holes, thereby improving the bonding property. In addition, the fiber plate is difficult to slide when the adhesive resin is cured.

  In the waterproof method for concrete floor slabs of the present invention, the adhesive resin that cures at room temperature and the flexible resin of the fiber plate are strongly bonded and integrated to form a waterproof layer. In particular, if the adhesive resin and the flexible resin are the same synthetic resin, or if they can be firmly attached even if they are of different types, they are combined to form an integral waterproof layer that does not have a boundary surface. .

  In the waterproof structure configured in this way, the concrete floor slab and the adhesive resin layer are strongly bonded by the resin bonding primer, and the fiber plate layer is also firmly bonded because the adhesive resin is strongly bonded to the flexible resin. Further, the fiber plate layer and the asphalt are firmly bonded to each other by the coating system adhesive. The fiber base material embedded in the fiber plate can give the fiber plate layer strong resistance to deformation in the fiber direction.

  Therefore, when cracks occur in the concrete slab, the fiber plate firmly joined to the concrete slab controls the crack and suppresses the generation of large cracks and generates fine cracks, so the concrete slab was made. It is possible to prevent the crack width from expanding and prevent serious damage, and to maintain the soundness of the entire concrete slab.

  Furthermore, the process of laying the fiber plate on the upper surface of the adhesive resin partially includes a butt joint formed by abutting the end edges of the fiber plates in addition to the lap joint that overlaps the end edges of the adjacent fiber plates. You may make it use for. In a butt joint, you may make it cover the part of the edge part which faced | matched with the cover plate which provided the through-hole.

  For example, when fiber plates are spliced together with a lap joint, the edge portions of the fiber plates are overlapped at a portion where four fiber plates meet. When such local multiple overlap occurs, the surface of the fiber plate layer or the adhesive resin layer does not become flat. Moreover, it becomes difficult for the lower layer adhesive to permeate to the upper surface of the fiber plate, which may impair the bondability of the fiber plate.

To avoid this problem, one joint can be a butt joint when the joint and the joint intersect. In other words, if the joint in the direction orthogonal to the direction of the lap joint is a butt joint covered with a cover plate, all the portions joining the edge portions of the two fiber sheets are in a state where the two plates overlap. Thus, the portion where the four fiber plates meet can be in a state where a maximum of three plates overlap.
In addition, since two or three plates overlap in the joint portion, the opening density of the through holes in the edge portion where the fiber plate overlaps is made in order to make the penetration state of the adhesive equal in the joint portion and the central portion of the fiber plate. Is preferably increased, for example, by a factor of two. Here, the opening density of the through holes refers to a ratio of a hole area obtained by adding all the through holes existing to the fiber plate area in a portion where the through holes exist.

In order to solve the above-described problems, the waterproof structure of a concrete floor slab according to the present invention includes a resin adhesive primer layer disposed on a concrete floor slab construction portion, and an adhesive layer disposed on the resin adhesive primer layer. A fiber plate layer formed of a resin layer and a flexible resin thin plate cured by immersing the fiber base material therein, and disposed on the upper surface of the adhesive resin layer, provided on the entire surface of the flexible resin thin plate A fiber plate layer in which the adhesive resin in the lower layer overflows into the through-hole and is cured; a coating-type adhesive layer that is disposed on the fiber plate and has an affinity for asphalt; and a coating-type adhesive layer And an asphalt pavement layer formed thereon.
The resin used for the adhesive resin layer and the flexible resin used for the fiber plate layer may be the same synthetic resin.

The waterproof structure of the concrete floor slab of the present invention can be formed in a shorter time under high workability at a construction site.
In the waterproof structure of the concrete floor slab of the present invention, a large number of through holes are formed in the fiber plate, so that excess air does not remain under the fiber plate during construction and no problem of blistering occurs. .

Further, since the adhesive resin is impregnated into the fiber plate through the through hole and cured, the bonding property is high and the fiber plate is difficult to slide.
In addition, since the fiber base material embedded in the fiber plate has a strong resistance to deformation in the fiber direction, even if cracks occur in the concrete slab, the cracks are controlled and the occurrence of large cracks is suppressed. By generating fine cracks, it is possible to prevent the crack width from expanding and prevent serious damage, and to maintain the integrity of the entire concrete slab.

  Furthermore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the fiber plate used for the waterproofing work of the concrete floor slab of the present invention includes a fiber base material, a flexible resin cured in a state where the fiber base material is immersed therein, A thin plate having flexibility, which is characterized by having a through hole on the entire surface of the thin plate.

  In addition, the fiber base material used for the fiber plate of the present invention is a fiber containing any of carbon fiber, metal fiber, aramid fiber, glass fiber, polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyester fiber, and vinylon fiber alone or It may be any of a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a braided fabric, and a net formed by mixing a plurality of types.

  Further, the adhesive resin used in the fiber plate of the present invention is a flexible resin that has flexibility by suppressing the degree of polymerization, mixing a softener, or mixing a soft material, and is an epoxy resin. Any of an acrylic resin, a urethane resin, a vinyl ester resin, and an unsaturated polyester resin may be used.

If the through hole formed in the fiber plate is too small, it will be difficult to distribute the adhesive resin, and if it is too large, the strength of the fiber plate will be insufficient. Therefore, the diameter of the through hole is preferably in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm. .
The fiber base material embedded in the fiber plate of the present invention may be arranged so that the main fiber direction is one direction or two directions orthogonal to each other. The main fiber means a fiber having a large strength in the fiber base material. For example, when a thin thread is entangled with a hard fiber to form a shape like a blind, the hard fiber hits the main fiber, and the thin thread does not become the main fiber.

  The main fiber direction of the fiber substrate may be parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the fiber plate, but may be inclined with respect to the edge. When the direction of the main fiber is inclined with respect to the edge of the fiber plate, even when stress acts on the road bridge in a direction different from the extending direction of the road or the direction perpendicular to the extending direction, an appropriate resistance is exhibited. There are advantages to doing.

  By using the fiber plate of the present invention, it is not necessary to arrange the amorphous fiber base material in an uncured adhesive, and the work in the field is simplified. The construction that demonstrates is possible. Moreover, the resin curing time in the field can be reduced.

  The concrete floor slab waterproofing construction method and waterproof structure of the present invention can be expected to be durable for 30 years by using the fiber plate of the present invention, and it is excellent in economic efficiency. Well, it is possible to obtain a concrete floor slab that is highly resistant to cracking.

It is a layer block diagram which shows the structure of the concrete floor slab waterproofer concerning one Example of this invention. It is process drawing explaining the procedure of the waterproofing method in a present Example. It is the top view and side sectional drawing of a fiber plate used for the concrete floor slab waterproofing work of a present Example. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the example of an arrangement | sequence of the fiber base material of the fiber plate of a present Example. It is a partial expanded plan view explaining the example of arrangement of the penetration hole of the fiber plate of this example. It is a perspective view explaining the formation condition of the joint of the fiber plate in the waterproofing construction method of a present Example. It is an expanded sectional view explaining the joining condition of the joint part in the waterproofing construction method of a present Example. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the example of arrangement | positioning of the fiber plate in the waterproofing construction method of a present Example. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the effect | action of the fiber base material of the fiber plate in the waterproofing work of a present Example. It is a table | surface which shows the evaluation result regarding the performance of the road construction concrete floor slab waterproofing by the conventional construction method and the waterproofing construction method of this invention. It is drawing which shows the basic layer structure of the concrete floor slab waterproofer shown in the table | surface of FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a layer configuration diagram showing the structure of a concrete floor slab waterproofing work according to one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a process diagram showing the procedure of the waterproofing construction method of this embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a waterproof work of this embodiment. It is the top view (Drawing 3 (a)) and side sectional view (Drawing 3 (b)) which show the fiber plate used.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the concrete floor slab waterproofing method in this example is applied to the first step (S01) of applying a resin bonding primer on the upper surface of the concrete floor slab, and on the resin bonding primer. A second step of applying an adhesive resin (S02), and a thin plate formed by curing a flexible resin in which a fiber base material is immersed, and a fiber plate having a through hole on the entire surface of the thin plate, A third step (S03) for laying on the upper surface of the adhesive resin, a fourth step (S04) for pressing the fiber plate from the upper surface so that the adhesive resin overflows into the through hole of the fiber plate, and the upper surface of the fiber plate or A fifth step (S05) of applying a coating adhesive that is compatible with asphalt on the upper surface of the adhesive resin overflowing the through hole, and a sixth step of paving asphalt on the surface coated with the coating adhesive. Including the S06).

In the following, the construction procedure will be described in more detail.
In the first step, the concrete floor slab surface to be constructed is removed from harmful substances that deteriorate the adhesion between the floor slab and the floor slab waterproof layer, and the floor slab is sufficiently dried, and a spreader or roller bucket is used. A primer for resin adhesion is applied by a known method (S01). The resin bonding primer is provided as an adhesive layer for attaching and integrating the floor slab and the waterproof layer. In addition, if the floor slab is not sufficiently dried, moisture staying in the floor slab may reach the lower surface of the floor slab waterproofing layer and reduce the adhesive strength with the floor slab. In addition, if the primer is not sufficiently cured and the solvent remains, blistering may occur during construction or after the use of the road bridge.

  In the second step, an adhesive resin is applied on the resin adhesive primer (S02). When the fiber plate is pressed in the subsequent process, the adhesive resin is applied so thick that the adhesive resin passes through the through hole of the fiber plate to form another adhesive resin layer on the upper surface of the fiber plate.

In the third step, a fiber plate having a through hole on the entire surface is arranged on the adhesive resin applied in the second step (S03). As shown in FIG. 3, the fiber plate 11 is a rectangular thin plate formed by curing a flexible resin 15 in which a fiber base material 14 is immersed, and a fiber plate 11 manufactured at a factory can be used. it can.
The fiber plate 11 is spread so as to cover the entire waterproof surface.

  In the fourth step, the fiber plate 11 spread on the adhesive resin layer is sunk by pressing it from the upper surface with a rolling machine, a vibration roller, a tire roller, etc., and the adhesive resin overflows into the through hole of the fiber plate 11. Then, it further oozes out from the through hole to the surface side of the fiber plate 11 to form a layer of adhesive resin (S04).

  If the adhesive resin is cured later in this state, the adhesive resin that has entered the through hole of the fiber plate 11 and hardened prevents the fiber plate 11 from moving, and improves the slip resistance of the waterproofing work. Further, since the fiber plate 11 is embedded in the adhesive resin, the fiber plate 11 and the adhesive resin layer are strongly bonded. When the adhesive resin and the flexible resin 15 of the fiber plate 11 are the same synthetic resin, the bond between them is extremely strong and there is little fear of dissociation at the joint surface.

  In the fifth step, a coating-type adhesive that is compatible with asphalt is formed on the upper surface of the fiber plate 11 and on the upper surface of the adhesive resin layer formed on the fiber plate 11 when the adhesive resin overflows from the through hole. The agent is applied (S05).

In the sixth step, asphalt pavement is carried out on the surface to which the coating system adhesive is applied (S06).
In particular, when the flexible resin and the adhesive resin are the same resin, when the high temperature asphalt is paved, the surface of the fiber plate 11 and the adhesive resin are fused and hardened together. Becomes extremely high. Even if the two are different resins, if the mutual adhesiveness is high, they are similarly firmly integrated.

  It is possible to form a flexible resin layer containing a fiber base material in the field without using the fiber plate 11 produced in the factory. The field work which hardens a flexible resin after arranging and immersing a fiber base material on it, and the long construction time for this are required. On the other hand, if the fiber plate 11 produced in the factory is used, such a skilled work and construction for a long time are not required, and a high-quality flexible resin plate containing a fiber base material is efficiently used during waterproofing. And with high accuracy. Further, since a cured resin plate is used, the waterproofing is hardly damaged during construction, and a waterproof structure can be formed with high workability.

The concrete floor slab waterproof structure having the layer structure as shown in FIG. 1 can be obtained by the procedure of the present embodiment described above.
In this embodiment, the fiber plate layer 4 and the adhesive resin layers 3 and 5 cured between the fiber plate layer 4 and the asphalt pavement layer 7 and the concrete floor slab layer are formed between the concrete floor slab layer 1 and the asphalt pavement layer 7. A waterproof layer is formed by five layers of primer layer 2 and coating-type adhesive layer 6 bonded to 1 and asphalt pavement layer 7. The fiber plate layer 4 and the adhesive resin layers 3 and 5 sandwiching the fiber plate layer 4 are integrated to form a fiber reinforced resin plate. Since the layer made of the fiber plate layer 4 and the adhesive resin layers 3 and 5 is highly integrated and airtight, even if water accumulates on the upper surface, water does not pass through the layer and flow to the lower surface.

  The fiber base material 14 is used to increase the strength of waterproofing. The fiber base material 14 is a single type or a plurality of types of high-strength fibers such as carbon fibers, metal fibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers, polyethylene fibers, and vinylon fibers. Woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, braided fabrics, nets and the like.

  Further, the resin 15 that is infiltrated into the fiber base material 14 and hardens in the fiber plate 11 of the present invention is flexible by suppressing the degree of polymerization, mixing a softening agent, or mixing a soft material. An epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a urethane resin, a vinyl ester resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, or the like can be used.

  The flexible resin preferably has a Young's modulus in the range of 0.1 GPa to 4 GPa, more preferably in the range of 0.1 GPa to 2 GPa. Since the fiber plate 11 of the present invention is made of a flexible resin having a small Young's modulus, even if the surface with which the surface of the fiber plate 11 is in contact has unevenness, it can follow well and absorb the unevenness. If the Young's modulus is too large, it will not be able to cope with the unevenness of the contacting surface, and a space will be formed on the lower surface of the fiber plate 11 or the bonding property will deteriorate.

In the woven fabric or knitted fabric of the fiber base material 14, there are main fibers 17 having high strength in the processed state. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an arrangement example of the main fibers 17 of the fiber base material 14 of the fiber plate 11.
As shown in FIG. 4A, it is possible to use a structure in which the main fibers 17 are arranged in one direction and the fiber directions are perpendicular to the edge 16 of the fiber plate 11. In this case, in the waterproof layer, when a force is applied in a direction perpendicular to the edge 16 of the fiber plate 11, the displacement of the waterproof layer is suppressed to prevent breakage.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4B, it is also possible to use a fiber in which the main fibers 17 are arranged in two directions and the fiber directions are perpendicular to and parallel to the edge 16. . Such a fiber base material 14 has an effect of suppressing displacement of the waterproof layer even when a force is applied in a direction parallel to the edge 16 of the fiber plate 11 in the waterproof layer.
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4 (c), there are fibers in which the main fibers 17 arranged in two directions are arranged with an angle with respect to the edge 16, respectively. The fiber plate 11 shown in FIG. 4C has an effect of suppressing deformation of the waterproof layer even when the stress direction is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the edge 16.

As the fiber base material 14, the type of fiber to be used, the type of fabric, the knitted fabric, the fiber direction, the density of the fiber, and the like can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
The fiber plate 11 is a rectangular thin plate having an appropriate size such as a thickness of 1 mm to 3 mm, a width of 900 mm, a length of 1800 mm, a width of 2.5 m, and a length of 8 m. A through hole 18 is formed on the entire surface.

Since the fiber plate 11 is formed by curing a flexible resin, it retains its shape while being handled by an operator and is easy to handle. The tatami-sized fiber plate 11 having a width of 900 mm and a length of 1800 mm can be easily handled by one or two workers. In addition, the large-sized fiber plate 11 can cover a large area with one sheet, and the work efficiency is improved. However, the fiber plate 11 having a size that can be transported by a normal truck such as a width of 2.5 m and a length of 8 m. However, workability is good, and the process can be shortened particularly in large-scale construction.
The fiber plate 11 is not limited to a rectangular shape, and an appropriate shape such as a sector shape or a triangular shape can be selected according to the place to be applied.

  In the waterproof sheet used in the sheet-based waterproofing method or the like, the large area is covered with a deformable soft sheet, so that the sheet can easily wrinkle and air remains under the sheet. However, since the fiber plate 11 of the present invention is a thin plate made of a flexible resin and has a through hole, it adheres well to the unevenness of the lower layer due to the flexibility of the resin. In addition, even if air is present on the lower surface of the fiber plate, air escapes to the upper surface through the through hole, so that there is no concern of remaining on the lower surface.

FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged plan view of the fiber plate 11 for explaining an arrangement example of the through holes of the fiber plate.
The through hole 18 in the central portion 12 of the fiber plate 11 has a diameter d in a range from about 1 mm to about 5 mm, an interval i between the through holes 18 is, for example, about 20 mm to 50 mm, and an opening density is 0.01%. It is preferable to arrange so as to be about 5%. In the through hole 18 formed in the fiber plate 11, if the diameter is too small, the lower layer adhesive resin hardly flows to the upper layer through the through hole 18, and if the opening density is too large, the strength of the fiber plate 11 is partially increased. Will be reduced.

  Further, in the end edge portion 13 that overlaps with the adjacent fiber plate, the uncured adhesive resin has a penetration density almost twice so that the two overlapping fiber plates 11 can easily pass through. Holes 18 and 19 are arranged. The through holes 18 and 19 in the end edge part 13 may have the same diameter as the through hole 18 in the central part, or may have different diameters.

For example, as shown in FIG. 5, when the through holes 18 in the central portion 13 of the fiber plate 11 are arranged at equal intervals represented by a solid line, the through holes in the edge portion 12 are further indicated by dotted lines in the figure. By disposing it also at the position of the through hole 19 shown, the opening density can be made almost double.
The overlapping width with the adjacent fiber plate 11 is usually about 5 cm to 10 cm.

In the third step of laying the fiber plate on the upper surface of the adhesive resin described above, when the fiber plate 11 is arranged on the adhesive resin layer 3, the fiber plate 11 has the edge portions 13 for each adjacent plate. It is preferable to cover the entire waterproof surface so that there is no gap.
In this embodiment, as a method of overlapping the edge portions 13, a lap joint that overlaps the edge portions of the adjacent fiber plates 11 and a butt joint formed by abutting the edge portions 13 of the fiber plates 11 are used. ing.

  6 is a perspective view for explaining the formation state of the lap joint and the butt joint of the fiber plate 11 in the waterproofing method of the present embodiment, and FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross section for explaining the joining state of the lap joint portion and the butt joint part in the waterproof method. FIG. 8 and FIG. 8 are conceptual diagrams for explaining an arrangement example of fiber plates. 6 and 7 show a lap joint in FIG. 6A and a butt joint in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 6A, in the lap joint, when the two fiber plates 11 are arranged adjacent to each other on the adhesive resin layer 3, the two end edges 13 facing each other overlap each other. Are lined up. The density of the through holes in the end edge portion 13 is larger than the density in the center portion.
Therefore, when the waterproof structure is configured such that the fiber plate layer 4 is sandwiched between the upper and lower adhesive resin layers 3 and 5, the portion including the lap joint is a fiber as shown in FIG. In the plate layer 4, the two fiber plates 11 are connected so that the end edges 13 are overlapped.

  At this time, since the opening density of the through holes is doubled in the edge portion 13 as compared with the central portion, the edge portion from the lower adhesive resin layer 3 even if the two fiber plates 11 overlap. The amount of the uncured resin that overflows through the through-hole 13 is the same as the amount in the central portion, so that the surface of the upper adhesive resin layer 5 can be formed almost flat.

  By the way, for example, if all four surroundings of the fiber plate 11 are joined together by a lap joint, a part where three or four fiber plates 11 meet is formed, and the edge 13 of the fiber plate 11 is triple or four. Overlapping. When such local multiple overlap occurs, the surface of the fiber plate layer 4 or the adhesive resin layer 5 does not become flat. In addition, the uncured resin of the lower adhesive resin layer 3 may not easily permeate to the surface of the uppermost fiber plate 11, which may impair the bondability between the fiber plates 11.

Therefore, in the waterproof construction method of the present embodiment, a butt joint is employed at a portion where three or four fiber plates 11 meet to avoid multiple overlap as much as possible.
As shown in FIG. 6B, the butt joint has a fiber plate 11 disposed on the adhesive resin layer 3 so that the two end edges 13 facing each other face each other. The cover plate 21 is hung so as to cover the edge portion 13 and pressed into the adhesive resin layer 3 with a roller from above, so that the uncured adhesive resin overflows from the through-hole and forms the adhesive resin layer 5. To. Thereafter, the two fiber plates 11 are joined by curing the resin.

  The cover plate 21 is a belt-like plate obtained by immersing a fiber base material in a flexible resin and curing the resin in the same manner as the fiber plate 11. The cover plate 21 has a through hole with an opening density similar to that of the edge portion 13 of the fiber plate 11. Is provided so that the amount of the adhesive resin can be secured in the same manner as in the case of the lap joint when it is overlapped with the edge portion 13. The cover plate 21 may be a plate having the same configuration as the end edge portion 13 of the fiber plate 11.

  When the waterproof structure is configured, as shown in FIG. 7B, the portion including the butt joint overlaps the edge portion 13 of the fiber plate 11 and the cover plate 21 in the fiber plate layer 4, and the two sheets The fiber plate 11 is joined via the cover plate 21.

FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an arrangement example of fiber plates in the present embodiment. In the lower part of the figure, a part of the arranged fiber plate 11 and cover plate 21 is cut out so that the lower fiber plate 11 can be seen.
The fiber plate 11 is spread over so as to cover a portion forming the waterproof structure.
Since the fiber plate 11 is formed of a cured flexible resin, the fiber plate 11 retains its shape even when handled by an operator, and can be arranged at a position planned easily by the operator's manual work. In addition, generation of wrinkles and residual bubbles are not a problem as in the case of a film-like waterproof sheet, and even an unskilled person can easily perform high-quality fiber plate arrangement work.

  The spread fiber plates 11 are joined by a lap joint in which the edge portions 13 of the adjacent fiber plates 11 are overlapped in the horizontal direction in the figure, and the ends of the adjacent fiber plates 11 in the vertical direction. It arrange | positions so that the front-end | tip of the edge part 13 may be faced | matched, and it joins by the butt joint which covered the adjacent edge part 13 with the cover plate 21. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 8, by arranging the lap joints in one direction and arranging the butt joints covered with the cover plate in the direction orthogonal to the direction of the lap joints, even at the part where the four fiber plates 11 meet The overlap of the plates can be suppressed up to 3 sheets.
In addition, since the fiber plate 11 and the cover plate 21 overlap two or three in the joint portion, the opening density of the through holes in the end edge portion 13 and the cover plate 21 of the fiber plate 11 where the plates overlap is, for example, the center portion 12. By making it increase by a factor of 2 in comparison, it is possible to make the penetration state of the adhesive equal in the joint portion and the central portion of the fiber plate 11.

  The concrete floor slab waterproofing structure of the present embodiment includes a waterproofing work including a fiber base material, but by using a fiber plate 11 produced in a factory, even an unskilled worker can easily dispose the fiber base material in a short time. be able to. The arrangement of the fiber plates 11 does not require any special technique. Moreover, if the fiber plate 11 which consists of a hardened resin board is spread, the lower layer of the fiber plate 11 can be protected and it will prevent that a waterproof work is damaged during construction. Furthermore, by using the fiber plate 11 produced in the factory, the impregnation work time and curing time at the site are greatly shortened, and for example, a waiting time of about 30 minutes is required.

  The concrete floor slab waterproof structure of the present embodiment includes the fiber base material 14 in the waterproof layer, and therefore has high resistance to deformation of the waterproof layer. Further, the fiber plate layer 4 and the adhesive resin layers 3 and 5 in the waterproof layer are formed of a flexible resin having a low Young's modulus, and are joined by a primer layer 2 having a high bondability with the concrete floor slab layer 1. Therefore, even when cracks occur in the concrete slab, peeling between the concrete slab and the adhesive resin layer hardly occurs, and the waterproof layer is hardly broken, so that the waterproof performance is maintained.

Furthermore, the effect | action of the fiber raw material 14 can suppress the growth of the crack in a concrete floor slab, and can prolong the lifetime of a concrete floor slab.
FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the operation of the fiber base material 14 of the fiber plate 11 in the waterproofing work of the present embodiment. FIG. 9A is a diagram for explaining the crack resistance in the conventional waterproof structure, and FIG. 9B is a diagram for explaining the crack resistance in the waterproof construction of this embodiment.

  In the conventional waterproof structure, when the crack 23 is generated in the concrete slab 1, the waterproof layer 8 extends following the crack 23. Therefore, the growth of the crack 23 cannot be stopped, and the waterproof layer 8 has an elastic limit. When it reaches, it breaks. At this time, the joint surface of the waterproof layer 8 and the concrete floor slab 1 often peels off. Thus, the conventional waterproof structure impairs the waterproof performance. Further, when the waterproof layer 8 and the asphalt pavement 7 have high connectivity, the asphalt pavement 7 may be cracked.

On the other hand, in the waterproof structure of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9B, when some stress is generated in the concrete slab 1 and the crack 23 is generated, the fiber base material 14 in the waterproof structure suppresses deformation. As a result, the stress is dispersed and the initial crack 23 becomes difficult to grow, and instead, the crack 23 is dispersed around the crack 23 to generate a fine crack 24. In addition, since the adhesive layer in the waterproofing work is formed of the flexible resin 15 having a low Young's modulus, the waterproof ability is not impaired because it sufficiently follows some deformation and does not break. That is, the waterproof structure of the present example has high crack resistance.
In addition, the crack 23 in the concrete slab 1 does not grow greatly even if fine ones occur frequently, and the life of the concrete slab 1 is prolonged.

Since the concrete floor slab waterproofing structure of the present embodiment is constructed using the plate-like fiber plate 11 formed of a cured flexible resin, there is little risk of the waterproofing being damaged by the aggregate during asphalt paving. Also, there is little occurrence of blistering.
Furthermore, in the waterproofing method of the conventional method using a waterproof sheet, it slides or peels off on the waterproofing surface. However, in the waterproofing method of this example, the fiber plate is strongly bonded to the adhesive resin layer and enters the through hole. Since slipping is suppressed by the resin, there is little slipping or peeling on the waterproof construction surface.

Further, the fiber plate layer and the resin layer sandwiching the fiber plate layer are not easily softened even when heated, and the heat resistance of the waterproofing is high. Furthermore, since the waterproofer has flexibility, it is resistant to the unevenness of the concrete floor slab surface.
Thus, it is estimated that the concrete floor slab waterproofing structure of the present embodiment can sufficiently cope with the severe demands in recent years and also satisfies the 30-year durability.
The performance of the concrete floor slab waterproofing structure of the present invention is as described in the bottom of the performance evaluation table of FIG.

  As described above, according to the present invention, as a waterproofing work for a concrete floor slab of a road bridge, it is possible to obtain a construction work having high on-site workability and high crack resistance in new construction work and repair work. It should be noted that the waterproof performance is sufficiently satisfactory with respect to other performances required for the concrete slab waterproofing.

1 Concrete slab (layer)
2 Primer layer 3 Adhesive resin layer 4 Fiber plate layer 5 Adhesive resin layer 6 Coating system adhesive layer 7 Asphalt pavement (layer)
8 Waterproof layer 11 Fiber plate 12 Central portion 13 Edge portion 14 Fiber base material 15 Flexible resin 16 End edge 17 Main fibers 18, 19 Through hole 21 Cover plates 23, 24 Cracks

Claims (11)

Applying a primer for resin adhesion to the upper surface of the construction part of the concrete floor slab,
Applying an adhesive resin on the resin adhesive primer;
A step of laying a fiber plate, which is a thin plate formed by curing a flexible resin in which a fiber base material is immersed, and has a through-hole on the entire surface of the thin plate, on the upper surface of the adhesive resin;
Pressing the fiber plate from above to allow the adhesive resin to overflow into the through hole of the fiber plate;
Applying a coating-type adhesive that is compatible with asphalt to the upper surface of the fiber plate or the upper surface of the adhesive resin overflowing from the through hole;
Asphalt paving on the surface coated with the coating adhesive;
Waterproofing method for concrete floor slabs.   The step of laying the fiber plate on the upper surface of the adhesive resin partially uses a butt joint obtained by abutting the edge portions of the adjacent fiber plates, and a portion of the abutted edge portion, The waterproof method for concrete slabs according to claim 1, comprising a work of covering with a cover plate provided with a through hole.   The waterproof method for concrete slabs according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flexible resin and the adhesive resin forming the fiber plate are the same synthetic resin. A flexible thin plate formed of a fiber base material and a flexible resin cured in a state in which the fiber base material is immersed therein, and at the edge of the thin plate on the entire surface of the thin plate A fiber plate used for waterproofing concrete floor slabs, having through holes arranged to have a higher opening density than the central part .   The fiber substrate is a woven fabric formed of carbon fibers, metal fibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyester fibers and vinylon fibers alone or in combination of a plurality of types, The fiber plate according to claim 4, which is any one of a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a braided fabric, and a net.   The fiber plate according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a diameter of the through hole is in a range of 1 mm to 5 mm. The fiber plate according to any one of claims 4 to 6 , wherein the main fiber direction of the fiber base material is arranged so as to be one direction. The fiber plate according to any one of claims 4 to 6 , wherein a main fiber direction of the fiber base material is arranged so as to be two directions orthogonal to each other. The fiber plate according to claim 8 , wherein a main fiber direction of the fiber substrate is inclined with respect to an edge of the fiber plate. The fiber according to any one of claims 4 to 9 , wherein the flexible resin is any one of an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a urethane resin, a vinyl ester resin, and an unsaturated polyester resin that has flexibility. plate. A primer layer for resin bonding arranged on the construction part of the concrete slab,
An adhesive resin layer disposed on the resin adhesive primer layer;
A fiber plate layer disposed on the upper surface of the adhesive resin layer and formed of a flexible resin thin plate that has been hardened by dipping a fiber substrate therein, and has a through-hole provided on the entire surface of the flexible resin thin plate A fiber plate layer in which the adhesive resin overflows and is cured;
A coating-based adhesive layer that is disposed on the fiber plate and is compatible with asphalt;
An asphalt pavement layer formed on the coating-based adhesive layer;
Waterproof structure of concrete floor slabs including.

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