JPH0621507B2 - Composite waterproofing method - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a waterproof construction method for buildings such as flat roofs, balconies, corridors, and indoor floors. More specifically, a waterproof membrane and a specific fibrous composite sheet are provided. A combined waterproof construction method.

Further, the present invention provides a composite waterproofing method which can be used in combination with conventional asphalt waterproofing and is suitable for repairing a deteriorated asphalt waterproofing layer.

(Prior art) Asphalt waterproofing method, sheet waterproofing method, and coating film waterproofing method are mentioned as a typical thing of the waterproofing method of a building. Among them, the waterproof coating method is easy to install, there is no seam of the waterproof sheet as seen in the other two methods, the entire waterproof layer is formed by a continuous coating film, and a smooth finished surface can be obtained. If a colored urethane elastomer is used as the coating film waterproof material, a waterproof layer having a beautiful appearance can be obtained. Taking advantage of such advantages, the waterproof coating method is
It is especially suitable for waterproofing work where the surface to be constructed has a complicated shape and where it is difficult to attach the sheet waterproof material in a watertight manner or where the area is small. By the way, the waterproof coating method is to apply a waterproof coating to a target surface of concrete, for example, to form a waterproof layer. A typical waterproof coating is “JIS A 6021 roof waterproofing”. Coating film material ". Among the waterproof membranes, the most commonly used ones are urethane rubber materials.

However, the coating film waterproofing method has the above-mentioned preferable aspects, but on the other hand, since it has the following drawbacks, its frequency of use is overwhelmingly lower than that of the other two methods, and its improvement is desired. There is.

That is, it is said that the thickness of the coating waterproof layer formed is usually several mm, but the mechanical strength of the waterproof layer obtained by the thickness of the coating and the material (coating waterproof material) used therefor. Since the adhesive strength between the waterproof layer and the base is large with respect to the strength, there are defects such as cracks occurring in the base and breakage of the waterproof layer due to vibration occurring at the joint portion of the plate-like base material. In addition, if the base material contains a certain amount of water or more, the evaporating pressure may cause the waterproof layer to lose swelling.

In order to eliminate these drawbacks, a construction method has been proposed in which a fibrous sheet is also used as a reinforcing material, and a plastic foam sheet or fibrous sheet with a special shape is also used in order to prevent the waterproof layer from swelling. However, the effect is still not sufficient.

On the other hand, in recent years, the needs for so-called repair work for repairing a deteriorated waterproof layer in order to protect existing buildings have been greatly increased. The means of performing such repair work is
(a) A method of removing the existing waterproof layer and newly forming a new waterproof layer, and (b) a method of forming a new waterproof layer on the upper surface of the old waterproof layer while leaving it. Each of these methods (a) and (b) has merits and demerits, but the latter (b) is relatively more common due to economic and social factors. In the latter case (b), the new waterproof layer is constructed by using the deteriorated old waterproof layer as the base, but in many cases, the asphalt waterproof layer is the base from the historical background.

By the way, when a new waterproof layer is formed on the upper surface of the deteriorated asphalt waterproof layer (old waterproof layer), if the new waterproof layer is an asphalt waterproof material, there will be no problem as much, but the sheet waterproofing method or coating film When a means different in material from the old waterproof layer such as the waterproof method is adopted, the adhesiveness to the base is poor and it cannot be directly applied. Further, even if the old waterproof layer serving as the base is made of the same material as the newly-provided polymer waterproof material, there may be a problem in the adhesiveness with the newly-provided waterproof layer. In such cases,
Usually, mortar or resin mortar is applied to the upper surface of the old waterproof layer, and after waiting for drying and curing, a new waterproof layer is formed on the upper surface of the mortar or resin mortar. However, such a construction method not only prolongs the construction period, but also tends to cause cracks due to the tendency that the coating thickness of the momentum resin mortar and mortar becomes thin. If the cracks are excessive, the new waterproof layer may be damaged or the adhesion to the base may be poor.

Furthermore, in the renovation work, the entire roof may not be refurbished, and only the part causing weather may be refurbished. In such a case, the repair method using the waterproof film is a very preferable method that matches the features as described above, but it has poor adhesion to the base (former waterproof layer) There is a risk of re-causing self-leakage.

(Problems to be solved by the invention) As described above, the coating film waterproofing method is a method that is very simple in construction, has a beautiful finish, and is preferable, but easily causes breakage or swelling of the waterproof layer, and thus can be used for a long period of time. There is concern about the waterproof function, and in the repair work, the deteriorated waterproof layer that serves as the base and sufficient adhesiveness to the base and surrounding materials cannot be obtained when performing partial repairs. Inevitably, most of the time, it is necessary to apply mortar or mortar resin to prepare the groundwork prior to construction.

In order to eliminate such defects and inconveniences, the present invention provides a composite waterproofing method in which breakage or swelling of the formed waterproof layer does not occur and high waterproof performance is maintained for a long period of time. , Especially in repair work, a composite waterproofing method that can be applied directly to the required surface without the need to adjust the base with mortar or resin mortar to improve the adhesion with the deteriorated old waterproof layer and surrounding materials. It is provided.

(Means for Solving Problems) The composite waterproofing method using the waterproof membrane of the present invention is carried out as a preparatory step if necessary. That is, when there is extreme unevenness on the surface to be worked, it is smoothed, and if necessary, a primer is applied to the entire surface of the base. After that, in the present invention, a fibrous composite sheet, which will be described later, is attached to the surface to be constructed in the first step, and then, as a second step, a waterproof film is applied to the entire upper surface of the fibrous composite sheet by applying a waterproof film. The step of forming layers is taken.

The above-mentioned preparation process is common sense in normal waterproofing work, but in the conventional waterproof coating method, if unevenness appears on the base, the coating thickness becomes uneven and the thin portion of the coating Since it is easily broken and damaged, the preparation process requires careful labor and time.

However, in the construction method according to the present invention, the fibrous composite sheet used in the first step has an appropriate rigidity, and the fibrous composite sheet is adhered to the construction surface immediately before the waterproof membrane is applied. Has a relatively smooth surface,
For this reason, even if considerable unevenness is seen on the base, the above-mentioned preparation step can be omitted in many cases.

The fibrous composite sheet used in the first step is as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, in the fibrous composite sheet 1 of the present invention, the reticulated sheet 12 made of glass fiber and / or synthetic fiber is provided on the upper surface of the nonwoven fabric layer 11 made of synthetic fiber and / or glass fiber. However, a synthetic resin film or sheet (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “resin film”) 13 is firmly laminated on the lower surface of the non-woven fabric layer 11, and an adhesive material layer 14 is formed on the lower surface of the resin film 13. It is laminated. A release sheet is provided on the surface of the adhesive layer 14 opposite to the surface in contact with the resin film 13.
15 is attached.

The non-woven fabric layer 11 and the mesh sheet 12 here reinforce the coating film of the coating film waterproof material applied on the upper surface of the fibrous composite sheet 1 in the second step, and in addition, improve the dimensional stability of the entire waterproof layer. In order to achieve this purpose, in order to achieve this purpose, the waterproof film applied to the upper surface easily penetrates into the mesh sheet 12 and the non-woven fabric layer 11 and closes to the upper surface of the resin film 13. It must be bulky so that it can be reached in real condition. However, it is also possible to permeate the liquid coating waterproof material into the non-woven fabric layer 11 without providing a mesh sheet, but considering the point of the reinforcing effect pointed out earlier,
It is necessary to considerably increase the amount of rice to be weighed, and as a result, the permeability of the waterproof coating film is impaired. In addition, the amount of waterproof film used increases, which is disadvantageous in terms of economy.

From such a background, in the method of the present invention, the non-woven fabric layer 11 and the mesh sheet 12 are used in combination, whereby the non-woven fabric layer 11 is formed.
To reduce the penetration time of the waterproof membrane and reduce the required amount of waterproof membrane. Also mesh sheet 12
To obtain the required mechanical strength, and also to improve the dimensional stability.

In the fibrous sheet formed by laminating the non-woven fabric layer 11 and the reticulated sheet 12, the respective materials do not necessarily have to be different, and therefore, these include acrylic fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyolefin fibers, etc. General-purpose organic synthetic fibers, general-purpose inorganic fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, and metal fibers can be used alone or in a mixed state. However, considering the required properties and economy, the reticulated sheet
It is particularly preferable to use glass fiber for 12, and it is particularly preferable to use polyester fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber or the like for the non-woven fabric layer 11. However, the synthetic resin and / or glass fiber used in the non-woven sewing layer 11 is 1 to 20 denier, preferably 2 to 10 denier, and 30 to 200 g per square meter.
Preferably, those having a weight of 50 to 100 g are suitable. The thickness of the non-woven fabric layer 11 cannot be generally determined due to the difference in density, but is 0.1 to 2 mm on average.

The mesh sheet 12 is 100 to 5000 denier, preferably 200 to 10
This is a sheet in which a fiber bundle of about 00 denier is knitted by arranging 1 to 50 filaments / inch, preferably 5 to 10 filaments / inch in the length and width, but this knitting method may be appropriately selected.

The non-woven fabric layer 11 and the mesh sheet are joined by using an adhesive that is suitable for the selected type of fiber, or by mixing a low melting point fiber in the fiber of either layer or sheet and heating and melting. It can also be done by dressing. As an example of joining when glass fibers are used for the reticulated sheet 12 and polyester fibers are used for the non-woven fabric layer 11, a solvent type acrylic resin adhesive can be used for joining. Furthermore, the non-woven fabric layer 11 and the mesh sheet 12 may be integrated by sewn stitches or the like. That is, the non-woven fabric layer 11 and the mesh sheet
The fiber sheet composed of 12 and 12 may have any joining means as long as the waterproof film does not easily permeate into the fiber sheet when the waterproof film is applied from above. Absent.

The resin film 13 is provided below the non-woven fabric layer 11 for the purpose of preventing permeation of the waterproof film and preventing entry of moisture or the like from the underlayer into the waterproof layer.

If this resin film 13 is not provided, the waterproof film applied from the net-like sheet 12 passes through the nonwoven fabric layer 11 and reaches the lower adhesive layer 14, and as will be described later, the adhesive non-applied portion. When it is provided, it reaches the concrete that is the base or the deteriorated old waterproof layer.In such a state, the low molecular weight component such as the adhesive used or the hot water contained in the old waterproof layer is used. Will move to a waterproof film and accelerate the deterioration of the waterproof layer, and will lead to a decrease in adhesiveness.In addition, when the base is concrete, as mentioned above, the adhesion was too high and the base vibrated. Sometimes the waterproof layer may break. In particular, when urethane type rubber is adopted as the coating film waterproof material, such troubles are likely to occur.

On the other hand, when the resin film 13 is laminated on the lower surface of the non-woven fabric layer 11, the mechanical strength of the entire fibrous composite sheet is increased, and the fibrous composite sheet is given rigidity. As the mechanical strength, the strength required for the waterproof layer such as tensile strength, tear strength, penetration resistance and collision strength increases. By laminating the resin film 13, the tensile strength and tear strength of the entire fibrous composite sheet are improved, so that the nonwoven fabric layer 11
It is possible to reduce the thickness of the sheet and prevent the local destruction of the fiber sheet and the entire waterproof layer caused by the irregularities even when the substrate has irregularities by improving the penetration resistance and impact strength. be able to.

If the rigidity of the fibrous composite sheet 1 is insufficient, wrinkles are likely to be formed on the fibrous composite sheet in the first step of attaching the fibrous composite sheet 1 to the base, and the work efficiency is reduced. Further, when the unevenness of the base is not completely processed in the preparation step, the fibrous composite sheet attached adheres to the base and the unevenness of the base appears on the coating surface of the waterproof film, that is, the surface of the sheet, resulting in a uniform coating. It is hard to become a film thickness. Considering such a point, the resin film 13 is bonded to the fiber sheet (consisting of the non-woven fabric layer 11 and the mesh sheet 12). If the resin film 13 is present when the adhesive material layer 14 is applied, it can be firmly laminated. But,
When the resin film 13 is not provided, the surface of the non-woven fabric layer 11 is rough, and thus it is difficult to firmly laminate it.

The material of the resin film 13 is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies such a purpose, and the most general-purpose resin such as ninyl chloride resin, acrylic resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polyester resin can be used. . These resin films may be used alone or may be a laminate of two or more kinds of different films. In particular, a polyester resin film is suitable in terms of mechanical properties, but it is difficult to say that it has excellent alkaline water resistance. Therefore, it is advantageous to use a polyethylene film laminated on both surfaces or the lower surface thereof.

The thickness of the resin film 13 used here is not particularly specified. However, considering the above-mentioned utility and economic efficiency, 0.01-
0.1mm is suitable.

The non-woven fabric layer 11 and the resin film 13 may be joined by using an adhesive material suitable for both materials, and the non-woven fabric layer 11 may be fused and bonded to the non-woven fabric layer 11 while molding the resin film 13 using an extruder. May be. Such a joining method does not require any special technique in any case, and can be achieved by a generally-used lamination technique.

In the method of the present invention, as the first step, the mesh sheet 12 as shown in FIG.
The laminated body of 13 is made into a fibrous composite sheet 1 ', and a suitable adhesive is applied to the surface of the resin film 13 of this, or it is attached to the target base while applying to the base or both the base and the resin film 13 side. It is also possible to wear it. However, in this case, there are often problems in the work related to the application of the adhesive material, so in order to improve the workability, the adhesive layer 14 is provided from our company on the lower surface of the resin film 13 shown in FIG. It is much more desirable to use the fibrous composite sheet 1 as it is provided. Therefore, before the construction, as shown in FIG. 1, a release paper (release sheet) 15 is provided on the lower surface of the adhesive layer 14 from the beginning so that the release sheet 15 can be removed during the construction. Is advantageous.

The function of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 14 or the function of the pressure-sensitive adhesive applied during construction is generated not only by adhering the fibrous composite sheet 1 or 1'to the ground, but also when movement of the ground occurs after construction. It has the function of preventing the breakage of the waterproof layer by dispersing the external force acting on the waterproof layer by the appropriate fluidity of the adhesive material.

The material of the adhesive material is not limited as long as it has the basic performance required for the adhesive material such as heat resistance, cold resistance and water resistance in addition to these functions. However, especially considering repair work, if the deteriorated old waterproof layer that is the base is an asphalt waterproof layer, a synthetic polymer,
A so-called modified asphalt-based material obtained by adding a natural polymer or the like to asphalt is preferable.

An example is a composition comprising straight asphalt 85% by weight SBS block copolymer 10% by weight petroleum resin 5% by weight. Although the thickness of the adhesive layer 14 or the adhesive applied at the time of construction is about 0.1 to 2.0 mm.
A preferable range is about 5 to 1.0 mm.

By the way, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 14 or the pressure-sensitive adhesive applied at the time of construction may be applied to the entire lower surface of the resin film 13, but preferably, for example, as shown in FIG. It is advantageous that the non-adhesive material non-laminated portion = the non-adhesive material coating portion (S) is provided so as to communicate with each other.

As can be understood from the reason already described as the prior art, when the waterproof layer is adhered to the entire surface of the substrate, the moisture contained in the substrate is vaporized due to the temperature rise and the pressure causes the waterproofing. The layer may partially swell, and as a means for avoiding such a phenomenon, the waterproof layer is partially adhered to the substrate, and when the moisture of the substrate vaporizes, the vaporized moisture in the pressurized state is not removed. Adhesive part
This is because (S) can be passed and escaped to the outside.
In particular, such an adhesive material non-laminated portion (S) is an adhesive material layer 14 in a state of communicating or applying an adhesive material so as to exhibit such a state, the moisture content is relatively high like concrete. It is effective for construction on the base.

Adhesive material coated portion (adhesive material laminated portion in FIG. 1) and non-coated portion of the adhesive material in the adhesive material layer 14 or applied during construction [adhesive material non-laminated portion (S) in FIG. 1] The area ratio with the is not specified, but is determined by the adhesive force of the adhesive material used. The adhesion of the waterproof layer to the base is
It is empirically known that it is preferably at least 2000 kg / m ² or more, though it depends on the conditions.

If the adhesive strength of the pressure-sensitive adhesive used here is too poor, the area of the pressure-sensitive adhesive coated portion has to be increased, and the area of the non-coated portion (pressure-sensitive adhesive non-laminated portion (S)) becomes small, The deaeration effect, that is, the effect of guiding the vaporized pressurized steam to the outside becomes poor. Therefore, from the viewpoint of degassing effect, the area of the non-adhesive coating (adhesive non-laminated portion (S)) should be at least 10%.
More preferably, it is desirable that the content be 20% or more.

As shown in FIG. 1, when the adhesive material layer 14 is formed on the lower surface of the resin film 13 from the beginning, the release paper 15 is provided thereon.
Not only the function of protecting the resin film 14, for example, while the adhesive material layer 14 is provided on one surface of the resin film 13, the release paper 15 is applied thereto, while the nonwoven fabric layer is provided on the other surface of the resin film 13.
If the 11 and the mesh sheet 12 are provided, the long fibrous composite sheet 1 can be continuously wound and manufactured in one step, and the release paper 15 is also applied to the adhesive layer 14 from now on. That is significant.

The presence of the resin film 13 laminated on the lower surface of the non-woven fabric layer 11 is indispensable for the following reason. That is, assuming that the resin film is not inserted in the above-mentioned composite waterproof layer partially provided with an adhesive layer, the waterproof film applied from the upper surface penetrates the non-woven fabric layer to reach the base, The deaeration passage provided to escape the vapor, that is, the non-adhesive coating portion (S) is filled. The resin film 13 is also necessary in order to avoid such inconvenience and to bond the base and the waterproof layer in the completed waterproof layer with the adhesive area as designed.

When the fibrous composite sheet 1 or 1'as described above is adhered to the foundation to be constructed, if the construction area is large or the like, the adjacent sheets must be brought into contact with each other. Usually, in such a case, in order to mechanically reinforce the waterproof coating layer in the spliced portion, separately form a mesh sheet, a non-woven fabric layer or a laminated sheet thereof as described above to cover the mating portion. Need to stick to.

As a form of the fibrous composite sheet for avoiding such troubles, it is effective to use the form as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are FIGS. 1 and 2 used in the present invention.
Shows a modification of the fibrous composite sheet 1 and 1'of the figure,
Resin film 13 and adhesive layer 14 or resin film 13
The non-woven fabric 11 and the reticulated sheet 12 have a constant width along one side edge thereof, that is, along one side in the width direction of the long fibrous composite sheets 1 and 1 '. is there.

This modified fibrous composite sheet 2 or 2'is extremely advantageous in laying a portion protruding at a constant width on the other side edge of the adjacent fibrous composite sheet during the construction. Next, the coating film waterproof material is applied as a second step from above. The width of the protruding portion is 1 to 20 cm, preferably 3 to 10 cm.

Since the protruding portion is composed of the mesh sheet 12 and the non-woven fabric layer 11, the waterproof film applied to the upper surface easily penetrates these and reaches the overlapped adjacent fibrous composite sheet, which portion Also in the above, a continuous waterproof membrane layer reinforced with a fibrous composite sheet can be obtained.

The coating film waterproof material used in the second step (coating step) in the method of the present invention may be a commonly used material, that is, as a typical one, all materials listed in JIS A 6021. Further, even if the waterproof film other than the above is used, it may be in a liquid state at the time of construction, and a cured film may be formed in a relatively short time after application, and the film may have a required performance as a waterproof layer. All are applicable.

The coating thickness of the waterproof coating layer is determined by the properties of the material. However, as described above, the coating thickness is required so that at least the fibrous composite sheet 1 or 1 ', which is the surface, of the mesh sheet 12 on the surface is completely embedded. Furthermore, even when the exposed waterproof layer is sometimes required to have some walking resistance after construction, in such a case, a coating thickness according to such a requirement is required.

Urethane rubber among the materials specified in JIS A 6021 1
For example, if the requirement for mild walking resistance is met by a class, this coating film coating material is applied to the entire surface once at a rate of about 1.5 kg / m ² , and after curing it is further increased to about 2.0 kg / m 2. ^It may be applied to the entire surface at a ratio of ² . Applying waterproof film
It can be performed using a commonly used device such as a spray, a roller brush, and a squeegee.

FIG. 5 shows a state in which the fibrous composite sheet 1 or 1'is attached to the base 20, the coating waterproof material is applied on the upper surface thereof, and then the coating waterproof layer is formed by curing to complete waterproofing. Shows. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 30 denotes a waterproof film layer on the mesh sheet 12. Reference numeral 31 indicates a waterproof film that has penetrated the mesh sheet 12 and the nonwoven fabric layer 11. Therefore, the waterproof film in the method of the present invention extends from the surface to the upper surface of the resin film 13.

(Working) In the method of the present invention, it is not necessary to take a preliminary step unless the substrate has particularly large irregularities. This is because the fibrous composite sheet 1 or 1'has a peculiar structure and has an appropriate rigidity.

In the construction according to the present invention, in the fibrous composite sheets 1'and 2'shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the lower surface of the resin film 13 and / or
Alternatively, if a fibrous composite sheet 1, 2 having an adhesive layer 14 from the beginning as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. After peeling off and adhering this to the base 20, it is sufficient to apply a liquid waterproof film waterproofing material from above (from above the mesh sheet 12).
Due to the presence of the resin film 13, the liquid waterproof membrane does not flow downward even if the mesh sheet 12 and the nonwoven fabric layer 11 are filled.

(Effects) According to the present invention, a good waterproofing method can be carried out regardless of the state of the building and regardless of the state of the groundwork.

[Brief description of drawings]

1, 2, 3, and 4 are cross-sectional views of four examples of the fibrous composite sheet used in the method of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing an example of a state in which the method of the present invention has been applied. 1,1 ′, 2,2 ′ …… Fibrous composite sheet 11 …… Nonwoven fabric layer, 12 …… Reticulated sheet 13 …… Resin film, 14 …… Adhesive layer 15 …… Release sheet, 20 …… Base 30… ... Waterproof film waterproof layer 31 on the mesh sheet 12 ... Waterproof film permeating the mesh sheet 12 and the nonwoven fabric layer 11

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A composite waterproofing method in which a fibrous composite sheet is adhered over the entire surface to a base coated with a primer if necessary, and then a coating waterproof material is applied to the upper surface of the composite sheet. As a fibrous composite sheet, a non-woven fabric layer made of synthetic fibers and / or glass fibers is firmly laminated with a reticulated sheet made of glass fibers and / or synthetic fibers, and a synthetic resin sheet or film is firmly laminated on the lower face. A composite waterproofing method, characterized in that a structure having the structure described above or a structure in which an adhesive layer is further provided on the lower surface of the synthetic resin sheet or film is used. 2. The fibrous composite sheet has a constant width along one side edge of the synthetic resin sheet or film on the lower layer side and the adhesive layer, and the non-woven fabric layer and the reticulated sheet as an upper layer thereof protrude. The composite waterproofing method according to claim 1, wherein the composite waterproofing method is in a state of being laid so as to overlap the other side edge of the adjacent fibrous composite sheet when the construction is carried out. 3. The composite waterproofing method according to claim 1, wherein a polyurethane coating film waterproof material is used as the coating film waterproof material. 4. The composite waterproofing method according to claim 1, wherein an asphalt-based waterproof film is used as the waterproof film. 5. The composite waterproofing method according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer is formed or formed of an asphalt adhesive. 6. When using a fibrous composite sheet from which the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is not initially provided to adhere to a substrate, a dotted or linear pattern is formed on the lower surface of the synthetic resin sheet or film and / or the substrate. The composite waterproofing method according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive material is partially applied, and portions where the adhesive material is not applied are in a communicating state. 7. A fibrous composite sheet in which the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is partially provided on the lower surface of a synthetic resin sheet or film like dots or lines and the non-laminated portion of the pressure-sensitive adhesive is in communication. The composite waterproofing method according to claim 1.