JP5484318B2 - 有機媒体中の親水性基質に対し高耐性の改質固定化酵素 - Google Patents
有機媒体中の親水性基質に対し高耐性の改質固定化酵素 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5484318B2 JP5484318B2 JP2010507058A JP2010507058A JP5484318B2 JP 5484318 B2 JP5484318 B2 JP 5484318B2 JP 2010507058 A JP2010507058 A JP 2010507058A JP 2010507058 A JP2010507058 A JP 2010507058A JP 5484318 B2 JP5484318 B2 JP 5484318B2
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Description
1.シリカ及び不溶性ポリマーなどの固形担体への酵素の物理吸着。
2.イオン交換樹脂上への吸着。
3.エポキシ化された無機担体又はポリマー担体などの固形担体材料への酵素の共有結合。
4.成長するポリマー内への酵素の封入。
5.膜反応器又は半浸透ゲル内への酵素の閉じ込め。
6.酵素結晶の架橋結合(CLECS)又は酵素凝集体の架橋結合(CLEAS)。
1.pH、温度、緩衝塩の種類、及びイオン強度に関して適切な緩衝系の中に酵素を溶解するステップ。
2.その酵素溶液中へ固形担体を添加し、酵素分子が固形担体に固定化されるまでのしばらくの間、混合するステップ。
3.固定化酵素を含むその固形担体を濾過して取り出すステップ。
4.適切な緩衝液でその担体を洗浄して、緩く結合した酵素分子を分離し、次にその固形担体を乾燥するステップ。
1.脂肪酸又はポリエチレングリコールなどの疎水性残基と、酵素の表面官能基を結合させるステップ、
2.ポリオール脂肪酸エステルなどの界面活性化剤で、酵素の表面をコーティングするステップ、
3.エタノール又はイソプロパノールなどの親水性溶媒で前処理した疎水性担体、典型的にはポリプロピレンに、酵素を接触させるステップ、
4.反応系中へ、低濃度、通常1パーセント未満で、食塩水、グリセロールなどの酵素活性化剤を添加するステップ
を含む。
(a)水性緩衝液と脂質エポキシドを含む少なくとも1種の有機溶媒とを含む系を提供するステップ、
(b)ステップ(a)で提供される二溶媒系と、前記界面酵素を混合するステップ、
(c)ステップ(b)の混合物に前記担体を添加し、混合するステップ、
(d)ステップ(c)において得られる混合物から、前記担体上に固定化された界面酵素を単離するステップ
を含む。
(a)水性緩衝液、及び脂質エポキシド、特に脂肪酸エポキシド又はトリグリセリドエポキシドを含む少なくとも1種の有機溶媒を含む二相系を提供するステップ、
(b)エポキシド基と、酵素の求核表面反応基、特にアミノ基を反応させ、脂肪酸又はトリグリセリドと共有結合によりコーティングされた酵素を生成するため、ステップ(a)で提供された過剰なエポキシドを有する二相系と、前記界面酵素を混合するステップ(図1)、
(c)ステップ(b)の混合物に前記担体を添加し、混合するステップ、
(d)ステップ(c)において得られる混合物から、前記担体上に固定化された脂質界面酵素複合体を単離するステップを含む。
ステップ2:共有結合によりコーティングされた酵素をすでに含む二相系の中へ、適切な担体を添加するステップ。
固定化リパーゼ(リポザイムTL)の調製
0.05M及びpH6.5のリン酸緩衝液1ml、並びに、脂質エポキシドを含むn−へキサン10mlを含む二溶媒系中に、好熱性子嚢菌(デンマーク、ノボザイムズ社のリポザイムTL100L、1ml)から抽出されたリパーゼを混合した。その混合物を48時間攪拌した。その系に担体(1g)を添加し、混合物を8時間攪拌した。改質固定化酵素を含む担体を濾過して取り出し、デシケーターで1晩乾燥すると、高い活性の共有結合による脂質コーティング固定化リパーゼが生成された。
固定化リパーゼの調製
異なるリパーゼ(100mg)を使用し、トリグリセリドエポキシドを使用して、例1の固定化手順を反復した。前記条件下での脂肪酸メチルエステルの生成の反応率を、表2に記載する。
脂肪酸メチルエステル(バイオディーゼル)の調製のための固定化リパーゼ
担体としてアンバーライトXAD8又はセライト(粉末)、及び有機溶媒として緩衝液(対照)、n−ヘキサン又はアセトン(Ac)を使用し、例1の手順に従って、固定化改質M.ミエヘイリパーゼの調製物を調製した。
緩衝液又は二相系におけるリパーゼの固定化
リパーゼ(デンマーク、ノボザイム社の好熱性子嚢菌リパーゼ、同社のカンディダ・アンタークティカリパーゼB、日本、天野エンザイム株式会社のシュードモナス・セパシアリパーゼ、又は日本、名糖産業株式会社のアルカリゲネス属リパーゼ、3000ユニット)を、ポリマー担体(1g)を含む緩衝液(10ml、pH7)中に室温で8時間混合した。固定化された酵素を濾過して取り出し、デシケーター中のシリカ上で乾燥した。同様の量の緩衝液及び有機溶媒、例えばイソオクタンを含む二相系において、同じ手順を実行することができる。
−疎水性吸着剤として定義されるアンバーライトXAD1600、
−親水性吸着剤として定義されるアンバーライトXAD761、
−極性及び非極性吸着剤として定義されるアンバーライトXAD7HP、及び
−極性陰イオン交換樹脂として定義されるアンバーライトIRA−958。
バイオディーゼルの生成における例4の固定化リパーゼの使用
バイオディーゼル及び副産物としてのグリセロールの生成のため油トリグリセリドとメタノールのエステル交換を使用して、例4で調製される固定化リパーゼの活性を評価した。(0.3gを、1時間おきに4時間かけて3回に分け添加した)メタノールを含む磁気的に攪拌した大豆油(2.5g)に、10%w/w固定化リパーゼを添加することで、反応を開始した。
Claims (12)
- 固形疎水性担体上に固定化された改質界面酵素であって、
前記酵素がリパーゼ、エステラーゼ、又はホスホリパーゼであり;
前記酵素が共有結合した脂質基でコーティングされ、その結果、疎水性ミクロ環境によって囲まれ、そして親水性の作用物質、基質、及び/又は反応生成物の存在下において不活性化及び/又は凝集から保護され、
ここで、該脂質基でのコーティングが脂質エポキシドを酵素の表面活性官能基に元々のエポキシ基を介して結合させることによってなされている;
上記改質界面酵素。 - 前記担体が吸着又は官能基へ共有結合することによって前記酵素を結合することができ、そして多孔性のポリマーベースの担体であり、かつ
前記担体がエポキシ基、アルデヒド基及びイオン性基のいずれかを含んでいるか、又は、前記担体がイオン交換樹脂である、
請求項1に記載の改質界面酵素。 - 前記担体が疎水性脂肪族及びアクリル架橋ポリマー及び疎水性芳香族架橋ポリマーからなる群から選択される疎水性ポリマーベースの担体であるか、又は前記担体がイオン交換樹脂である、請求項1及び2のいずれか一項に記載の改質界面酵素。
- 前記脂質エポキシドが、脂肪酸エポキシド、脂肪酸アルキルエステルエポキシド、ショ糖脂肪酸エステルエポキシド、中鎖及び長鎖アルキルグルコシドエポキシド、リン脂質エポキシド、並びにポリエチレングリコール誘導体エポキシドから選択される、請求項1から3までのいずれか一項に記載の改質界面酵素。
- 前記酵素が、カンディダ・アンタークティカ(Candida antarctica)、カンディダ・ルゴサ(Candida rugosa)、リゾムコール・ミエヘイ(Rhizomucor miehei)、シュードモナス属(Pseudomonas sp.)、リゾプス・ニベウス(Rhizopus niveus)、ムコール・ミエヘイ(Mucor miehei)、ムコール・ジャバニクス(Mucor java nicus)、リゾプス・オリザエ(Rhizopus oryzae)、黒麹カビ(Aspergillus niger)、ペニシリウム・カマンベルティ(Penicillium camembertii)、アルカリゲネス属(Alcaligenes sp.)、ブルクホルデリア属(Burkholderia sp.)、好熱性子嚢菌(Thermomyces lanuginosa)、クロモバクテリウム・ビスコスム(Chromobacterium viscosum)、パパイヤ種子、及びパンクレアチンのいずれか由来の酵素からなる群から選択される、請求項1から4までのいずれか一項に記載の酵素。
- (a)水性緩衝液と脂質エポキシドを含む少なくとも1種の有機溶媒とを含む系を提供するステップ、
(b)ステップ(a)で提供される二溶媒系と、前記界面酵素を混合するステップ、
(c)ステップ(b)の混合物に前記担体を添加し、混合するステップ、
(d)ステップ(c)において得られる混合物から、前記担体上に固定化された界面酵素を単離するステップを含む、
請求項1から5までのいずれか一項に規定された改質界面酵素の調製の方法。 - 前記担体が多孔性疎水性担体である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記疎水性担体がエポキシ基、アルデヒド基及びイオン性基のいずれかを含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記有機溶媒が、アルカン、エーテル、アルコール、アルデヒド及びケトン、並びにそれらのいずれかの混合物から選択される、請求項6から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記脂質エポキシドが、脂肪酸エポキシド、脂肪酸メチルエステルエポキシド、ショ糖脂肪酸エステルエポキシド、中鎖及び長鎖アルキルグルコシドエポキシド、リン脂質エポキシド、並びにポリエチレングリコール誘導体エポキシドから選択される、請求項6から9までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から5までのいずれか一項に定義される、又は請求項6から10までのいずれか一項に記載の方法によって調製されるリパーゼを含む、植物油、動物油、藻類油、魚の油、又はこれらの油の少なくとも2つの混合物に、メタノールを添加するステップ、及び、
前記油トリグリセリドが脂肪酸メチルエステルに変換されるまで、適切な条件下で反応を進行させるステップを含む、
脂肪酸メチルエステルを調製する方法。 - 前記植物油が大豆油、キャノーラ油、菜種油、オリーブ油、ヤシ油、ヒマワリ油、ピーナッツ油、綿実油、廃料理油、又は非食用植物源由来のいずれかの油トリグリセリドである、請求項11に記載の方法。
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IL180598A0 (en) * | 2007-01-08 | 2007-07-04 | Basheer Sobhi | Immobilized interfacial enzymes of improved and stabilized activity |
US8617866B2 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2013-12-31 | Sobhi Basheer | Robust multi-enzyme preparation for the synthesis of fatty acid alkyl esters |
US10000731B2 (en) | 2010-03-01 | 2018-06-19 | Trans Bio-Diesel Ltd. | Enzymatic transesterification/esterification processes employing lipases immobilized on hydrophobic resins in the presence of water solutions |
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