JP5452933B2 - 低アクリルアミドのプロセスフレーバー - Google Patents
低アクリルアミドのプロセスフレーバー Download PDFInfo
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- JP5452933B2 JP5452933B2 JP2008547905A JP2008547905A JP5452933B2 JP 5452933 B2 JP5452933 B2 JP 5452933B2 JP 2008547905 A JP2008547905 A JP 2008547905A JP 2008547905 A JP2008547905 A JP 2008547905A JP 5452933 B2 JP5452933 B2 JP 5452933B2
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- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/30—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis
- A23J3/32—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents
- A23J3/34—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/25—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification using enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/30—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis
- A23J3/32—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents
- A23J3/34—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes
- A23J3/347—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes of proteins from microorganisms or unicellular algae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/10—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
- A23L27/21—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments containing amino acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
- A23L27/21—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments containing amino acids
- A23L27/215—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments containing amino acids heated in the presence of reducing sugars, e.g. Maillard's non-enzymatic browning
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/14—Yeasts or derivatives thereof
- A23L33/145—Extracts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/28—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification using microorganisms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y305/00—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5)
- C12Y305/01—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5) in linear amides (3.5.1)
- C12Y305/01001—Asparaginase (3.5.1.1)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Description
本発明は、酵母抽出物、自己溶解(autolysed)酵母、タンパク加水分解物と、これらの製造方法と、食料または飼料または食料もしくは飼料成分におけるこれらの使用とに関する。また本発明は、プロセスフレーバー(process flavour)と、その製造方法と、食料または飼料または食料もしくは飼料成分におけるその使用とに関する。
我々の社会では、加工食品およびレディミールの使用は毎日増加している。このようなタイプの食料には、食料をよりおいしくするために加工中または加工後に、加水分解植物性タンパク質、酵母抽出物、チーズ、スパイスなどの数種類の香味料が添加されることが多い。食料のフレーバーは、調理中に生じる異なる反応経路の複雑な組み合わせの結果であることが知られている。加工食品またはレディミールの製造中に遭遇され得る問題は、その製造における加熱ステップが、満足できるフレーバーを発生させるために十分に長くはないかもしれないことである。しかしながら、加工食品で遭遇され得るフレーバーの格差は、このような食料にプロセスフレーバー(「反応フレーバー(reaction flavour)」とも呼ばれる)を添加することによって満たすことができる。一般に、プロセスフレーバーは、主要な加工ステップが完了した後に加工食品に添加される。
本発明は、第1の態様では、乾燥物質を基準として1mg/g以下、好ましくは0.2mg/g以下、より好ましくは0.1mg/g以下である量の遊離アスパラギンを含む酵母抽出物に関する。第1の態様に従う酵母抽出物中の遊離アスパラギンの量は0mg/g近くまで低くすることが可能である。
[材料および方法]
[アクリルアミドの測定]
[サンプルの前処理]
600mgの乾燥および均質化したサンプルを、5mlのmilliQ水を用いて抽出する。溶液(CIL)中の1μgの内部標準13C3アクリルアミドを抽出物に添加する。10分間の遠心分離(6000rpm)の後、3mlの上部層をExtreluut−3BTカラム(メルク(Merck))上に移す。15mlの酢酸エチルを用いて、アクリルアミドをカラムから溶出させる。穏やかな窒素の流れの中で酢酸エチルを約0.5mlになるまで蒸発させる。
ガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて酢酸エチル溶液を分析する。CP−Wax57(バリアン(Varian))カラム(長さ25m、内径0.32mm、膜1.2μm)と、キャリアガスとして5.4ml/分の一定流量のヘリウムとを用いて分離を得る。3μlのスプリットレス注入が実施される。オーブン温度を1分間50℃に維持し、その後、温度を30℃/分で220℃まで上昇させる。220℃の一定温度で12分経った後、オーブンを冷却し、次の注入の前に安定化させる。
GC:HP6890(ヒューレット・パッカード(Hewlet Packard))
MSD(質量選択検出器):HP5973(ヒューレット・パッカード)
以下の方法を用いて、遊離アミノ酸(例えば、酵母抽出物中)の量を測定した。正確に秤量した酵母抽出物材料のサンプルを希酸中に溶解し、エッペンドルフ(Eppendorf)遠心分離機における遠心分離によって沈殿物を除去した。ウォータズ(Waters)(米国マサチューセッツ州のミルフォード(Milford MA,USA))のアミノ酸分析システムのオペレータ用マニュアルに定められるPicoTag法に従って、アミノ酸分析を透明な上澄みに対して行った。そのために、希酸に添加および均質化された液体から適切なサンプルを入手した。後者の溶液から新しいサンプルを採取し、乾燥し、フェニルイソチオシアネートを用いて誘導体化する。HPLC法を用いて、存在する様々な誘導体化アミノ酸を定量し、合計して、秤量したサンプル中の遊離アミノ酸の総レベルを計算した。
[遊離アスパラギンが少ない自己溶解酵母抽出物の製造]
酵素単位の定義:pH5.5および37℃において1分間にL−アスパラギンから解放されるNH31μmole。
[加熱ステップにおいて異なる温度のオーブンを用いたプロセスフレーバーの調製]
処方2a
81.3gのGistex(登録商標)LS粉末(オランダのDSM Food Specialties)
16.0グラムのMaxarome(登録商標)Plus HS粉末(オランダのDSM Food Specialties)
24.3グラムのデキストロース一水和物
処方2b
81.3gの実施例1で得られる酵母抽出物、粉末
16.0グラムのMaxarome(登録商標)Plus HS粉末(オランダのDSM Food Specialties)
24.3グラムのデキストロース一水和物。
[バッチニーダーを用いるプロセスフレーバーの調製]
30グラムの処方3、3a、(その組成については表3を参照)のサンプルを、特定の温度に予熱した50ccのバッチニーダーに移し、同じ温度で180秒間混合した。
[押出機を用いるプロセスフレーバーの調製]
[方法の説明:]
水用の投与装置およびインジェクタと、油用の投与装置およびインジェクタが備えられた二軸(twin−screw)押出機に、別々のフィーダを用いて、糖および酵母抽出物の混合物を添加する。2つの異なる処方(処方4および4a、表4を参照)を使用した。各処方8キログラムを、165℃で1時間、押出機内で加工した。
処方4:4568ppb。
処方4a:400ppb。
[遊離アスパラギンの少ないカゼイン加水分解物の製造]
酵素単位の定義:pH5.5および37℃において1分間にL−アスパラギンから解放されるNH31μmole。
[カゼイン加水分解物に基づいたプロセスフレーバーの製造]
4.7gのグルコース、0.4gのグリシン、1.6gのマルトデキストリンおよび実施例5で調製した13.4gのカゼイン加水分解物からなる混合物を調製した(アスパラギンを含まない)。リファレンスとして、実施例5のカゼイン加水分解物の代わりに非アスパラギナーゼ処理カゼイン加水分解物を用いて同様の混合物を調製した。
[遊離アスパラギンの少ない自己溶解酵母の製造]
18.5%乾燥固体のサッカロミセス・セレビシエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)のクリーム酵母2lを、2グラムのエンドプロテアーゼアルカラーゼ(登録商標)(Novozymes−Denmark)の存在下、pH5.1において51℃で24時間自己溶解させた。次に、反応混合物を熱処理して、全ての酵素活性を不活性化した。
[自己溶解酵母に基づいたプロセスフレーバーの製造]
4.7gのグルコース、0.4gのグリシン、1.6gのマルトデキストリンおよび13.4gの実施例7で調製した自己溶解酵母(アスパラギンを含まない)からなる混合物を調製した。リファレンスとして、処理していない自己溶解酵母を用いて同様の混合物を調製した
[遊離アスパラギンの少ない酵母抽出物の製造]
18.2%乾燥固体のサッカロミセス・セレビシエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)のクリーム酵母2lを、2グラムのエンドプロテアーゼアルカラーゼ(登録商標)(Novozymes−Denmark)の存在下、pH5.1において51℃で17.5時間自己溶解させた。反応混合物を、613mgのアスパラギナーゼ(1802単位/mgを有する)の存在下で、pH5.1および51℃で2時間さらにインキュベートした。遠心分離によって細胞壁を除去し、上澄みを95℃で5分間熱処理して、存在する全ての酵素活性を不活性化した。次に、上澄みを濃縮し、スプレー乾燥した。
Claims (12)
- 乾燥物質を基準として1mg/g以下の量の遊離アスパラギンを含むアミノ酸源を含有する混合物を、押出機内に導入すること、
前記混合物を、フレーバーが発生するのに十分なpH、温度、圧力および反応時間の条件下で混練および加熱すること、及び、
得られたプロセスフレーバーを次に押出機から押し出すことを含み、
前記アミノ酸源は、酵母抽出物、自己溶解(autolysed)酵母もしくはタンパク加水分解物又はそれらの混合物から選択される、
乾燥重量を基準として800ppb以下の量のアクリルアミドを含むプロセスフレーバーの製造方法。 - 1mg/gよりも多い量の遊離アスパラギンを含有するアミノ酸源を含有する混合物に、酵素、物理的方法、化学的方法またはこれらの組み合わせによる処理を行うことで、1mg/gよりも低いレベルまで遊離アスパラギンの量を低減させること、
前記混合物を、押出機内に導入すること、
前記混合物を、フレーバーが発生するのに十分なpH、温度、圧力および反応時間の条件下で混練および加熱すること、及び、
得られたプロセスフレーバーを次に押出機から押し出すことを含み、
前記アミノ酸源は、酵母抽出物、自己溶解(autolysed)酵母もしくはタンパク加水分解物又はそれらの混合物から選択される、
乾燥重量を基準として800ppb以下の量のアクリルアミドを含むプロセスフレーバーの製造方法。 - 前記アミノ酸源を含有する混合物が、還元炭水化物を更に含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記アミノ酸源が、酵母抽出物である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記アミノ酸源が、自己溶解酵母である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記アミノ酸源が、タンパク加水分解物である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- pH、温度、圧力および/または反応時間の前記条件が、プロセスフレーバー中のアクリルアミドの量を低減するように調整される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記プロセスフレーバーが、減圧下で乾燥される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記プロセスフレーバーが、アクリルアミドを修飾または分解することができる酵素によってさらに処理される、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記アクリルアミドを修飾または分解することができる酵素が、アミダーゼである、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法により得られるプロセスフレーバー。
- 食料または飼料または食料もしくは飼料成分の香味付けにおける、請求項11に記載の
プロセスフレーバーの使用。
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US75421905P | 2005-12-28 | 2005-12-28 | |
US60/754,219 | 2005-12-28 | ||
EP05113023 | 2005-12-28 | ||
EP05113023.5 | 2005-12-28 | ||
PCT/EP2006/012648 WO2007073945A1 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2006-12-22 | Process flavours with low acrylamide |
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US (2) | US20080317904A1 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1971219B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5452933B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101355783B1 (ja) |
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EA (1) | EA016260B1 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1128202A1 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL191980A (ja) |
NO (1) | NO20083300L (ja) |
PL (2) | PL1971219T5 (ja) |
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EP1971219B2 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2020-05-27 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | Process flavours with low acrylamide |
US20120269926A1 (en) * | 2008-02-19 | 2012-10-25 | Xuefeng Yu | Yeast extract and method of producng the same |
JP4909326B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-01 | 2012-04-04 | キリンフードテック株式会社 | チーズ風味及び/又は乳感増強方法 |
CN101669576B (zh) * | 2008-09-12 | 2013-02-20 | 安琪酵母股份有限公司 | 一种酵母组合物及饲料 |
US8652548B2 (en) * | 2008-10-20 | 2014-02-18 | Dsm Ip Assests B.V. | Fish flavour |
CN102256497B (zh) * | 2008-12-16 | 2014-12-17 | 诺维信公司 | 天冬酰胺酶的稳定化 |
CN101756151B (zh) * | 2008-12-24 | 2012-12-12 | 安琪酵母股份有限公司 | 一种高谷氨酸酵母抽提物及其制备方法 |
WO2011000824A2 (en) * | 2009-07-02 | 2011-01-06 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Compositions suitable as a flavour and to the use of these compositions to evoke or enhance koku perception |
CN102869765B (zh) | 2010-03-02 | 2016-08-03 | 复兴生物科技公司 | 微生物的功能性增强以最小化丙烯酰胺的产生 |
DK2713774T3 (da) * | 2011-05-31 | 2019-09-23 | Dsm Ip Assets Bv | Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et gærafledt produkt, der omfatter reducerende sukker |
PT106520A (pt) * | 2012-09-05 | 2014-03-05 | Univ Do Porto | Método de obtenção de extratos enzimáticos, extratos enzimaticos obtidos pelo referido método e suas aplicações |
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AU2016255437B2 (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2020-10-08 | Mars, Incorporated | Process of preparing a sterilized wet pet food product |
WO2021209582A1 (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2021-10-21 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Dark yeast extract |
CN115484834A (zh) * | 2020-04-29 | 2022-12-16 | 联合利华知识产权控股有限公司 | 调味剂的制备方法 |
WO2022175460A1 (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-08-25 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Coated meat or fish substitute |
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EP1971219B2 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2020-05-27 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | Process flavours with low acrylamide |
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Also Published As
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JP2009521914A (ja) | 2009-06-11 |
AR056858A1 (es) | 2007-10-24 |
KR20080079288A (ko) | 2008-08-29 |
WO2007073945A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
IL191980A (en) | 2014-06-30 |
US20080317904A1 (en) | 2008-12-25 |
RS57272B2 (sr) | 2020-08-31 |
EP1971219A1 (en) | 2008-09-24 |
KR101355783B1 (ko) | 2014-01-24 |
CA2631839C (en) | 2013-10-29 |
HK1128202A1 (en) | 2009-10-23 |
US20160249649A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
CA2631839A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
AU2006331045A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
PL1971219T5 (pl) | 2020-10-19 |
PL1971219T3 (pl) | 2018-08-31 |
AU2006331045B2 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
RS57272B1 (sr) | 2018-08-31 |
DK3357345T3 (da) | 2020-05-04 |
EP1971219B1 (en) | 2018-03-21 |
NO20083300L (no) | 2008-09-22 |
EP3357345B1 (en) | 2020-02-12 |
PL3357345T3 (pl) | 2020-07-13 |
IL191980A0 (en) | 2008-12-29 |
EP1971219B2 (en) | 2020-05-27 |
EP3357345A1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
EA200801605A1 (ru) | 2008-10-30 |
EA016260B1 (ru) | 2012-03-30 |
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