JP5443754B2 - バクチオール組成物およびその調製方法 - Google Patents
バクチオール組成物およびその調製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5443754B2 JP5443754B2 JP2008511297A JP2008511297A JP5443754B2 JP 5443754 B2 JP5443754 B2 JP 5443754B2 JP 2008511297 A JP2008511297 A JP 2008511297A JP 2008511297 A JP2008511297 A JP 2008511297A JP 5443754 B2 JP5443754 B2 JP 5443754B2
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- bakuchiol
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- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明にはバクチオールを含む新規な組成物が含まれ、これは不純物、特にフラノクマリン不純物類を実質的に含まない。この組成物を、本明細書中でUP256とも呼ぶ。ある態様において、本発明の組成物はマメ科(Luguminosae)、狭義のマメ科(Papilionaceae)、クスノキ科(Lauraceae)およびモクレン科(Magnoliaceae)を含めた科の植物から得られるが、これらに限定されない。他の態様において、本発明の組成物はソルレア属(Psorlea)、サッサフラス属(Sassafras)、モクレン属(Magnolia)およびアストラクチローデス属(Astractylodes)を含めた属の植物から得られるが、これらに限定されない。好ましい態様において、植物はオランダビユ(補骨脂)(マメ科)またはソラレア・グランデュロサ・L.(狭義のマメ科)を含めた群から選択されるが、これらに限定されない。本発明の組成物は、植物全体から、または種子、幹、樹皮(bark)、側枝(twig)、塊茎(tuber)、根、根皮(root bark)、若芽(young shoot)、根茎(rhixome)、花および他の生殖器官、葉および他の気生部分を含めた(これらに限定されない)1以上の各植物部分から分離される。
本発明組成物は当業者に既知のいかなる方法でも投与できる。投与方法には経腸(経口)投与、非経口(静脈内、皮下および筋肉内)投与および局所投与が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。好ましい態様において、本発明組成物は局所投与される。本発明による予防又は治療方法は、その必要がある患者に、不純物、特にフラノクマリン不純物類を実質的に含まない療法有効量のバクチオール含有組成物を、体内または局所投与することを含む。
本発明には、不純物濃度の低いバクチオール組成物(UP246)が含まれる。本発明には、バクチオール組成物を分離および精製するための改良法が含まれる。本発明にはバクチオール組成物を分析する方法も含まれ、これにより種々の不純物を検出および定量することができる。さらに本発明には、精製したバクチオール組成物およびその配合物を、シクロオキシゲナーゼ(COX)、リポキシゲナーゼ(LOX)により仲介される種々の疾患および状態、軽度の炎症状態、ならびに種々の微生物感染症の予防又は治療に使用する方法が含まれる。
単数の語は1以上のそのものを表わすことを留意すべきである。したがって、単数の語、“1以上の”、および“少なくとも1”は互換性をもって用いられる。
本発明中で用いる用語“不純物”には、バクチオール組成物中に望ましくない物質がいずれも含まれ、一般にこれらは天然源からバクチオールを分離する際に生じる。不純物という用語には、ソラレン、イソソラレンおよび他のクマリンタイプの不純物を含めた(これらに限定されない)群から選択されるフラノクマリン化合物が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。不純物は、これらの組成物を得るための合成プロセスで生じる不純物をも表わす。
“医薬的または療法に有効な用量または量”は、目的とする生物学的結果を誘発するのに十分な投与レベルを表わす。その結果は、疾患の徴候、症状もしくは原因の軽減、または目的とする生体系の他のいずれかの変化であってよい。
本発明にはバクチオールを含む新規な組成物が含まれ、これは不純物、特にフラノクマリン不純物類を実質的に含まない。この組成物を、本明細書中でUP256とも呼ぶ。ある態様において、組成物はソラレア属植物から選択される植物(1種類以上)から得られる。好ましい態様において、植物はオランダビユ(補骨脂)(マメ科)またはソラレア・グランデュロサ・L.(狭義のマメ科)を含めた群から選択されるが、これらに限定されない。本発明の組成物は、植物全体から、または種子、幹、樹皮、側枝、塊茎、根、根皮、若芽、根茎、花および他の生殖器官、葉および他の気生部分を含めた(これらに限定されない)1以上の各植物部分から分離される。
本発明組成物は当業者に既知のいずれかの方法で投与できる。投与方法には経腸(経口)投与、非経口(静脈内、皮下および筋肉内)投与および局所投与が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。好ましい態様において、本発明組成物は局所投与される。本発明による予防又は治療方法は、その必要がある患者に、不純物、特にフラノクマリン不純物類を実質的に含まない療法有効量のバクチオール含有組成物を、体内または局所投与することを含む。
後記に従って得られた抽出物、画分および新規組成物中のバクチオール、ソラレンおよびイソソラレンの量を、PhotoDiode Array検出器(HPLC/PDA)およびLuna Phenyl-hexylカラム(250 mm x 4.6 mm)を用いる高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)により定量した。目標化合物をアセトニトリル(ACN)水勾配(36%−100% ACN、12分かけて)、続いて100% ACNによりさらに3分間、カラムから溶出させた。用いた詳細なHPLC条件を表1に示す。このHPLC分離のクロマトグラムを図1に示す。市販の純粋なバクチオール、ソラレンおよびイソソラレンを定量標準品として用い、保持時間およびUVピーク面積に基づいて目標化合物を同定および定量した。バクチオール、ソラレンおよびイソソラレンの保持時間は、それぞれ18.19分、7.33分および7.95分であった。
リストシェーカー
フラスコに溶媒(100 mL)およびオランダビユ(Psoralea corylifolia)種子粉末(10 g)を添加し、混合物をリストシェーカー(wrist shaker)上で室温において1時間振とうした。次いで混合物をフィルターに通し、濾液を採集した。新たな溶媒を用いてこの抽出プロセスをさらに1回繰り返し、濾液を合わせて回転式蒸発器で溶媒を除去し、残留物を高真空下で乾燥させた。
フラスコに溶媒(50 mL)およびオランダビユ種子粉末(10 g)を添加し、混合物を40分間還流した。次いで溶液を濾過し、新たな溶媒を用いてこの抽出プロセスをさらに2回繰り返した。濾液を合わせて蒸発させ、乾燥抽出物を得た。
オランダビユ種子粉末(2 kg)および9 Lの石油エーテル(沸点60〜90℃)を、20 Lのフラスコ中で回転式蒸発器上において7O℃の水浴内で1時間回転させた。次いで溶液を別個の容器内へデカントし、溶媒を真空下で除去した。このバイオマスに新たな溶媒を添加し、この抽出プロセスをさらに3回繰り返した。抽出液を合わせて蒸発させ、21%のバクチオールおよび3%のソラレン/イソソラレン(重量)を含む粗抽出物(MH-258-01-01) 335 gを得た。
オランダビユ種子から実施例2に記載した方法で分離した粗溶媒抽出物(MH-206-70-1)を精製するための種々のクロマトグラフィー法を評価して、フラノクマリン類が混入していない、特にソラレン/イソソラレンが混入していない、高純度バクチオールを得るための手段としてクロマトグラフィーを使用する可能性を判定した。要約すると、フラノクマリン不純物をバクチオールから除去するために、空のカラムカートリッジ(内径1.3cm、体積20 mL、Bio-Radから)に種々の媒体を充填し、種々の溶媒で溶離した。画分(画分当たり10 mL)を試験管内に採集し、シリカゲルTLCプレートを用い、20% EtOAc/石油エーテルで展開して分析した。目標化合物バクチオール、ソラレンおよびイソソラレンをそれらの保持時間に基づいて同定した;保持時間は標準液を用いて判定された。結果を表3に示す。
オランダビユの種子から実施例3の記載に従って分離した石油エーテル抽出物(25 g; MH-258-01-01)を、1 Lの丸底フラスコ内で500 mLのNaOH溶液(56.5 mM)と混合した。溶液を加熱マントル内で1時間還流した。少量の溶液を定期的にフラスコから採取し、実施例1の記載に従ってHPLCにより分析した。ソラレンおよびイソソラレンのピークが完全に消失したことをHPLC分析が示した後、反応を停止した。次いで反応混合物を室温に冷却して、固体含量約36 mg/mLの濃褐色溶液(MH-258-10-01)を得た。
オランダビユの種子から実施例2の記載に従って分離した乾燥メタノール抽出物(MH-293-68-01)を、撹拌機/ホットプレート上の2 Lビーカー内で、1 LのNaOH溶液(DI水中、44 gのNaOH)と混合した。この溶液を沸騰状態で2時間撹拌した。必要に応じて水をビーカーに添加して、全体積を約1200 mLに維持した。2時間後、溶液を室温にまで放冷し、次いで600 mLを分液ろうとに移した。石油エーテル(250 mL)を添加し、混合物を10分間振とうし、層を分離させた。石油エーテル層を分液ろうとの上から取り出し、新たな溶媒で抽出を繰り返した(3回)。有機抽出液を合わせて真空下での回転蒸発により溶媒を除去して、2.25 gの組成物(MH-293-74-01)を得た。これは51%のバクチオールを含有し、フラノクマリン混在物質を含まなかった。
オランダビユの種子から実施例3の記載に従って分離した石油エーテル抽出物(25 g; MH-258-01-01)を、1 Lの丸底フラスコ内で500 mLのNaOH溶液(56.5 mM)と混合した。溶液を1時間還流した。少量の溶液を定期的にフラスコから採取し、実施例1の記載に従ってHPLCにより分析した。ソラレンおよびイソソラレンのピークが完全に消失したことをHPLC分析が示すまで、反応を進行させた。次いで反応混合物を室温に冷却して、固体含量約36 mg/mLの濃褐色溶液(MH-258-10-01)を得た。
COX-1およびCOX-2活性を阻害する化合物をスクリーニングするために、両酵素のペルオキシダーゼ活性の阻害を利用したハイスループットインビトロアッセイ法が開発された(Needleman et al. (1986) Annu Rev Biochem. 55: 69)。要約すると、試験する組成物または配合物を固定量のCOX-1およびCOX-2酵素に対して力価判定した。開裂性の過酸化物発色団をアッセイに含有させ、補因子としてのアラキドン酸の存在下で、各酵素のペルオキシダーゼ活性を視覚化した。一般に96ウェルフオーマットでアッセイを実施した。10 mg/mLの原液から100% DMSOに装入した各阻害薬を、室温で下記の濃度範囲を用いて三重試験した: 0、0.1、1、5、10、20、50、100および500μg/mL。各ウェルに下記のものを添加した:150μLの100 mMトリス-HCl、pH 7.5、ならびにトリス緩衝液中に希釈した10μLの22μMヘマチン(Hematin)、DMSO中に希釈した10μLの阻害薬、および25単位のCOX-1またはCOX-2酵素。これらの成分を回転式プラットホーム上で10秒間混合し、続いて20μLの2 mM N,N,N'N'-テトラメチル-p-フェニレンジアミン二塩酸塩(TMPD)および20μLの1.1 mMアラキドン酸を添加して反応を開始した。プレートを10秒間振とうし、次いで5分間インキュベートした後、570 nmで吸光度を読み取った。阻害薬濃度-対-阻害率%をプロットし、等温線に沿って半最大点をとり、X軸上の濃度と交差させることによりIC50を判定した。次いでこのIC50をアッセイにおける酵素単位数に対して正規化した。高純度(99%)バクチオール試料(MH-258-08)をCOX-1およびCOX-2両方の阻害について試験した。結果を次表4にまとめる。
前後のように、炎症反応に関与する最も重要な経路のひとつは、非ヘム、鉄含有リポキシゲナーゼ(5-LOX、12-LOXおよび15-LOX)により生じる。これらは脂肪酸、たとえばAAを酸化して5-、12-および15-HPETEを生成し、次いでこれらのをロイコトリエンに変換するのを触媒する。リポキシゲナーゼ阻害アッセイを、公表された方法(Carter et al. (1991) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 256(3): 929-937;Safayhi et al. (2000) Planta Medica. 66: 110-113)により実施した。5-LOXをヒトPBML細胞から単離し、基質としてアラキドン酸を用いた。被験物質および陽性対照を1% DMSOに溶解した。HBSS(ハンクス平衡塩類溶液)をインキュベーション緩衝液として用いた。プレインキュベーション時間は37℃で15分間であり、続いて同温度で15分間インキュベートした。このアッセイは、EIA定量によりLTB4形成を検出する。高純度バクチオール(99%バクチオール、#MH-258-12-08)を10μM、1μM、0.1μMおよび10 nMの濃度で、5種類の濃度の陽性対照-NDGAに対比して二重試験した。用量応答曲線を図6に示す。バクチオール(純度99%)による5-LOX阻害についてのIC50は3.41μMであった。
高純度バクチオール試料(純度99%; #MH-258-12-08)の抗菌活性を、公表された方法(Modugno et al. (1994) Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy 38: 2362-2368; Misiek et al (1973) Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy 3: 40-48)により評価した。要約すると、表皮ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis)(グラム陽性, ATCC 12228)を37℃で20時間、ミュラー-ヒントンブロス(Mueller-Hinton Broth)培地で培養した。プロピオニバクテリウム・アクネス(Propionibacterium acnes)(ATCC 6919)を37℃で2日間、強化クロストリジウム培地で培養した。被験物質および陽性対照を1% DMSOにインキュベーション体積1 mLで溶解した。評価時間は1日間であった。濁り度測定を定量法として用いた。高純度バクチオール試料(純度99%; #MH-258-12-08)を100μg/mL、30μg/mL、10μg/mL、3μg/mL、1μg/mL、0.3μg/mL、0.1μg/mLおよび0.03μg/mLの濃度で、陽性対照−それぞれ、表皮ブドウ球菌については0.1μg/mLのゲンタマイシン、プロピオニバクテリウム・アクネスについては0.1μg/mLのアンピシリン−に対比して二重試験した。表皮ブドウ球菌およびプロピオニバクテリウム・アクネスの両方に対して、1μg/mLのバクチオールが有意の阻害を示した。この高純度バクチオール試料は毛瘡白癬菌(Trichophyton mentagrophytes)(ATCC 9533)の活性も、適度の濃度30μg/mLで阻害した。最後に、有毛表皮糸状菌(Epidermophyton floccosum)(ATCC 18397)、イヌ小胞子菌(Microsporum canis)(ATCC 36299)およびピチロスポルム-オバーレ(Pityrosporum ovale)(ATCC 38593)については阻害がみられなかった。
2種類の純度レベルのバクチオール(UP256)(純度約20%の試料および純度99%の試料)の試験により急性毒性試験を行った。4〜5週令の雌ICRマウス(Harlan)40匹を14日間の試験に用いた。マウスに100 mLの急性用量、すなわち各被験物質につき1日当たり約2 g/kg(体重)を毎日投与した。最初の10匹のマウスに20.7%のバクチオールを含有する組成物を投与し、第2グループの10匹のマウスに99%のバクチオールを含有する組成物を投与した。UP256組成物を水に懸濁して注射器で投与した。20匹のマウスには、対照グループとして水を投与した。すべてのマウスの体重を、ベースライン、3つの中間点、および最終点を含めて測定した。飼料および水の摂取量もすべてのグループについて観察した。2週間にわたって、異常な健康状態または行動があれば記録した。すべてのマウスの剖検を14日目に完了し、完全血液スクリーニングのために全グループから血液を採集した。各グループからランダムに抜き出した2匹のマウスからは、病理組織学的検査のために腎臓と肝臓の組織も摘出した。すべての血液検査および病理検査がAntech Diagnosticsにより行われた。
Claims (10)
- バクチオールを含有する植物抽出物の調製方法であって、
a)バクチオールを含有する植物又は植物部分を有機溶媒で抽出して、バクチオールとフラノクマリン不純物類とを含む有機抽出物を得る工程であって、前記植物又は植物部分が、ソラレア属(Psoralea)植物のものである工程;
b)工程a)で得た有機抽出物を塩基性溶液で加水分解して、当該フラノクマリン不純物類のラクトン環を開いて、それにより当該フラノクマリン不純物類を対応するカルボン酸の塩に変換する工程であって、当該加水分解が、当該有機抽出物を当該塩基性溶液中で加熱することを含む工程;及び
c)工程b)で得られた加水分解されたフラノクマリン不純物類をバクチオールから分離して、バクチオールを含む、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)により測定するとフラノクマリン不純物類を実質的に含まない植物抽出物を得る工程
を含む方法。 - さらに、カラムクロマトグラフィー、抽出に続く結晶化、溶媒分配、再結晶、又はその組み合わせである工程を含む、請求項1の方法。
- 当該加熱が、当該有機抽出物を当該塩基性溶液中で還流することを含む、請求項1又は2の方法。
- 前記塩基性溶液が、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化カルシウム又は水酸化リチウムを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項の方法。
- 前記植物又は植物部分が、オランダビユ(Psoralea corylifoliaL.)(マメ科)またはソラレア・グランデュロサ・L.(Psoralea glandulosa L.)(狭義のマメ科)の種のものである、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項の方法。
- 前記植物部分が、種子、幹、樹皮、側枝、塊茎、根、根皮、若芽(young shoot)、根茎、花、葉、又はその組み合わせである、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項の方法。
- フラノクマリン不純物類がソラレン、イソソラレン、又はその組み合わせである、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項の方法。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に従って調製された、バクチオールを含む組成物。
- 当該植物抽出物が、14〜100重量%のバクチオールを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 当該植物抽出物が、30〜100重量%のバクチオールを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
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Also Published As
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KR20160055972A (ko) | 2016-05-18 |
EP1881839A4 (en) | 2009-05-20 |
US20210154155A1 (en) | 2021-05-27 |
JP2008540551A (ja) | 2008-11-20 |
CN101217968A (zh) | 2008-07-09 |
CN101217968B (zh) | 2014-11-26 |
KR101802415B1 (ko) | 2017-11-28 |
BRPI0608796A2 (pt) | 2010-01-26 |
US20110223267A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
US20060251749A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
EP1881839A2 (en) | 2008-01-30 |
WO2006122160A3 (en) | 2007-02-08 |
KR20130125411A (ko) | 2013-11-18 |
US10905654B2 (en) | 2021-02-02 |
KR20080016609A (ko) | 2008-02-21 |
WO2006122160A2 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
BRPI0608796B8 (pt) | 2021-05-25 |
US20160022602A1 (en) | 2016-01-28 |
KR101431060B1 (ko) | 2014-08-21 |
HK1120743A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
BRPI0608796B1 (pt) | 2019-04-30 |
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