JP5421916B2 - 臓器保存のためのニューレグリンの使用 - Google Patents
臓器保存のためのニューレグリンの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5421916B2 JP5421916B2 JP2010524335A JP2010524335A JP5421916B2 JP 5421916 B2 JP5421916 B2 JP 5421916B2 JP 2010524335 A JP2010524335 A JP 2010524335A JP 2010524335 A JP2010524335 A JP 2010524335A JP 5421916 B2 JP5421916 B2 JP 5421916B2
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- neuregulin
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- heart
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Description
本発明は、移植用の心臓などの臓器の保存、灌流、又は再灌流のための組成物及び方法に関する。
臓器移植の成功は、多くの場合、虚血/再灌流傷害のために制限される。4時間を越えて酸素を奪われた、摘出されたヒトの心臓は、次第に活力を緩め、移植患者において存続しない場合が多い。また、腎臓、肝臓、膵臓、及び肺などの他の臓器も、移植前、それらのホストから取り除かれるときに、組織及び細胞の損傷を受けやすい。この損傷は、低酸素状態、及び通常、生理的濃度の酸素及び栄養分を送達し、かつ臓器の細胞によって産生される毒性化合物を除去する血行の不足に起因する。臓器移植は、臓器をそのホストから切除後、直ちに行った場合に、高い成功頻度を有する。
本発明は、保存溶液及びニューレグリンを含む、心臓などの臓器の保存、灌流、及び/又は再灌流のための組成物を提供する。該保存溶液及びニューレグリンは、以下で詳述する。該組成物は、臓器が循環系から隔離される又は血流を低下させられている(虚血)間、該臓器組織及び細胞を損傷から保護する。ニューレグリンは、虚血/再灌流中の臓器に、保護作用を与え得ることが見出されている。
(5.1 定義)
別途定義がない限り、本明細書中に使用される全ての技術的及び科学的用語は、本明細書が属する分野の技術者が通常理解するのと同じ意味を有する。本明細書で参照した全ての特許、出願、公表出願、及び他の刊行物は、その全体において参照により組み込まれる。この節で示す定義が本明細書で参照により取込まれる特許、出願、公表出願、及び他の刊行物で示される定義と反するか、あるいは矛盾する場合は、この節で示す定義が本明細書で参照により取込まれる定義に優先する。
本発明は、心臓などの臓器の保存、灌流、及び/又は再灌流のための組成物を提供する。該組成物は、保存溶液及び有効な量のニューレグリンを含む。ニューレグリンは、心臓などの臓器が、通常の循環から隔離されている、又は不十分な動脈流を受けている間に、酸化的な損傷、虚血、及び再灌流傷害から該臓器を保護できることが見出されている。
任意のNRG(例えば、NRG-1、NRG-2、NRG-3、及びNRG-4、並びにそれらのアイソフォーム)タンパク質、ペプチド、又は断片を、本発明で使用することができる。
本発明はまた、それを必要とする患者の心不全を治療する方法を提供し、該方法は、該患者に有効な量のニューレグリンを投与することを含む。いくつかの実施態様において、ニューレグリンを、0.2μg/ml/kg/時間で約6時間投与する。使用するニューレグリンの量は、疾病又は病状の性質及び重症度、並びに活性成分が投与される経路によって異なる。また、頻度及び投与量は、投与される特定の療法(例えば、治療薬又は予防薬)、疾患、疾病又は病状の重症度、投与経路、並びに患者の年齢、体重、応答、及び過去の病歴によって、各患者に特有の因子に従っても異なる。有効用量は、インビトロ又は動物モデル試験系から導かれた用量反応曲線から推定することができる。
ニューレグリンの例示的な用量は、対象又は検体の1キログラム重量あたりのニューレグリンのミリグラム又はマイクログラム量(例えば、1キログラムあたり約1マイクログラム〜1キログラムあたり約500ミリグラム、1キログラムあたり約100マイクログラム〜1キログラムあたり約5ミリグラム、又は1キログラムあたり約1マイクログラム〜1キログラムあたり約50マイクログラム)を含有する。本発明で使用するニューレグリンの徐放のために、患者に投与される投与量は、活性ペプチドの重量に基づいて、一般的に、患者の体重の0.001mg/kg〜15mg/kgである。好ましくは、患者に投与される投与量は、患者の体重あたりで0.001mg/kg〜15mg/kg、0.005mg/kg〜10mg/kg、0.01mg/kg〜5mg/kg、0.001mg/kg〜4mg/kg、0.005mg/kg〜3mg/kg、0.01mg/kg〜2mg/kg、0.001mg/kg〜1mg/kg、0.005mg/kg〜0.5mg/kg、0.010mg/kg〜0.2mg/kg、0.005mg/kg〜0.050mg/kgである。
一実施態様において、本発明は、心肥大又は心不全を引き起こす薬剤、例えば、酢酸フルドロコルチゾン又はハーセプチンで治療中の患者において、心不全及び心筋症を予防するのに有用である。そのような心疾患を引き起こす薬剤の前に、NRGを、同時に又は後に投与することができる。
本発明は、移植用の心臓などの臓器を保存する、灌流又は再灌流するためのキットも提供する。そのようなキットは、本発明の組成物を、単独又は心臓移植用の他の材料と組合せて、1つ以上の容器に備える。医師又は患者による使用のために、説明書が任意選択で含まれる。
本発明は、下記の非限定的な実施例を参照し、更に例示される。実施例は、本発明の製造及び使用方法の完全な開示、並びに記載を当業者に提供するために、提示するものであり、かつ発明者が彼らの発明と考えるものの範囲を限定することを意図せず、また、下記の実験が、行われる全て又は唯一の実験であることを示すものではない。用いる数字について、正確を期する努力を払ったが、いくらかの実験誤差及び偏差は、考慮されるべきである。
(6.1.1 ラットの左心室冠動脈結紮及び心エコー検査)
ウィスター雄ラット(Shanghai Animal Center of Chinese Academy of Science)、体重200±20gを、100mg/kg(薬剤/体重)のケタミンの腹腔内注射によって麻酔した。頚部及び胸部を脱毛し、消毒した。中央前頚部を切開して気管を露出させた。18Gのカテーテルオーバーニードル(catheter overneedle)を、第3〜第5気管軟骨間の気管に挿入した。該針を引き抜いた後、プラスチック製のカニューレを気管に1〜2cm押し込み、かつ固定して、ローデントベンチレーター(SAR-830/Pベンチレーター-吸気流速、1ml/100g/呼吸;呼吸数、60呼吸/分)を接続した。左前胸部も別に切開した。該皮膚を鈍的解剖により第4及び第5肋骨を露出させ、次いで、該第4肋骨を湾曲モスキート鉗子で切断した。該ベンチレーター(前述)を、カニューレに接続し作動させ、かつ肺及び心臓の状態を調べるために、心臓を露出させた。該切開口を通して心臓を露出させた後、心膜を引き裂き、左心房及び肺動脈円錐を特定した。それらの間の左心室冠動脈前下行枝を、6/0医療用縫合糸でしっかりと結紮した後、該心臓を胸部に戻した。胸壁を縫合した。該ベンチレーターをブロックして、肺を満たした。胸腔の空気を徐々に引き出した後、胸部の筋肉及び皮膚を縫合した。継続的自発呼吸が再開するまで、ラットから該ベンチレーターを取り外した。
次いで、結紮後14日目に、ラットの心機能を心エコー検査法(Philips Sonos社、7500 S4プローブ)で検査した。駆出率(以後「EF」)値が30〜50パーセントのラットを分離し、グループ分けした(1群あたりラット15匹)。
左心室冠状動脈の結紮後15日目に、ラットを計量し、NRG必要量を決定した。溶媒群のラットは、IV注射により0.4ml/100g(量/体重)の溶媒を投与した。該溶媒を、1日に1回5日間注射し、2日間停止し、次いで更に5日間注射した。
ラットをケタミンで麻酔する。心臓を迅速に摘出し、洗浄し、かつ上行大動脈をカニューレで処置する。60cmH2Oの灌流圧で、該心臓の連続的な逆行性灌流を開始する。まず、名目上Ca2+を含まない改変クレブス液で、心臓を灌流した。該クレブス液の組成は以下:110mMのNaCl、2.6mMのKCl、1.2mMのKH2PO4、1.2mMのMgSO4、2.1mMのNaHCO3、11mMのグルコース及び4mMのヘペスである。この媒体は、再循環されず、O2で継続的にガス処理される。およそ3分後、3.3%のコラゲナーゼ(Boehringer Mannheim社)及びトリプシン(sigma社)を追加した改変クレブス緩衝液で、該心臓が十分に脱色され、かつ柔らかくなるまで、該心臓を灌流する。該心臓をカニューレから取り外し、不要な心房及び血管、並びに心室を小片に切り崩す。心室の組織を穏かに撹拌することによって、該筋細胞を新鮮なコラゲナーゼ含有クレブス液中に分散させ、その後、管中の200μmのナイロンメッシュを通して徐々に力をかける。得られる筋細胞を、25μmのカルシウムを含有する改変クレブス液に再懸濁させる。カルシウム溶液(100mM原液)を、10分間隔で、100μMのカルシウムになるまで添加することで、筋細胞にカルシウム寛容性を与える。30分後、上清を捨て、30〜50mlのタイロード緩衝液(137mMのNaCl、3.7mMのKCl、0.5mMのMgCl、11mMのグルコース、4mMのヘペス及び1.2mMのCaCl2、pH7.4)を細胞に添加する。実験開始前に、細胞を37℃で60分間保持し、単離の5時間以内に用いる。
正常なラットを3群に分けた(1群あたりラット15匹)。1群を対照として偽手術した。別の2群のラットについて、心筋梗塞性ラット(MIラット)を形成する方法で述べたように、左心室冠動脈を結紮した。MIラットを更に2群にグループ分けした(1群あたりラット15匹)。1群のラットを溶媒で処理し、他の群のラットを浸透圧ポンプによって、ニューレグリンで処理した。該処理の後、心臓を全てのラットから取り出し、心筋細胞を単離した。心筋細胞の収縮性指数を測定した。図1に示すように、溶媒で処理したMIラットの筋細胞と比較して、ニューレグリンで処理したMIラットの筋細胞は、より速く弛緩する。これは、ニューレグリンが、該心臓の弛緩に対して有益な効果を有し得ることを示している。
正常なラットから心臓を回収し、3群に分けた(各群7つの心臓)。心機能を心エコー検査法で試験するとともに、該心臓をクレブス液で灌流した。次いで、1群をセルシオ溶液に2℃で6時間保存し、第2群を14nMのNRGを含有するセルシオ溶液に2℃で6時間保存し、第3群を0.1μMのワートマニンで15分間処理した後、14nMのNRGを含有するセルシオ溶液に2℃で更に6時間保存した。保存後、心臓をクレブス液で再度灌流し、かつ心エコー検査法でこれらの心機能を測定した。AKT リン酸化を検出するために、ウエスタンブロット用に、いくつかの心臓組織を回収し、かつホモジナイズした。
ニューレグリンを0.2μg/kg/時間(薬剤重量/体重/時間)で6時間、連続的に静脈内注入して、6人の安定慢性心不全の患者を処置した。基本的な右心カテーテル法を行い、かつ24時間の血行動態を測定するために、スワン・ガンツカテーテルを原位置に残した。その結果を図3及び図4に示した。
Claims (10)
- 保存溶液及びニューレグリンを含む、移植用臓器の灌流、保存、又は再灌流のための組成物であって、前記保存溶液が、セルシオ溶液、クレブス・ヘンゼライト溶液、生理食塩水、ウイスコンシン大学液、セント・トーマス第2液、コリンズ溶液、及びスタンフォード溶液からなる群から選択される、前記組成物。
- 前記保存溶液が、セルシオ溶液である、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記保存溶液が、クレブス・ヘンゼライト溶液である、請求項1記載の組成物。
- ニューレグリンが、配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1記載の組成物。
- ニューレグリンが、10〜20nMの濃度である、請求項1記載の組成物。
- ニューレグリンが、14nMの濃度である、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 移植用臓器の保存方法であって、該臓器をニューレグリンと接触させることを含む、前記方法。
- 前記臓器が、心臓である、請求項7記載の方法。
- ニューレグリンが配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項7記載の方法。
- ニューレグリンが、AKTシグナル経路を活性化するのに十分な量で施される、請求項7記載の方法。
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- 2008-09-09 US US12/207,173 patent/US20090156488A1/en not_active Abandoned
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EP2200427A1 (en) | 2010-06-30 |
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