JP5395355B2 - 2個またはそれ以上の単位セグメントを含む医薬錠剤 - Google Patents
2個またはそれ以上の単位セグメントを含む医薬錠剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5395355B2 JP5395355B2 JP2007527574A JP2007527574A JP5395355B2 JP 5395355 B2 JP5395355 B2 JP 5395355B2 JP 2007527574 A JP2007527574 A JP 2007527574A JP 2007527574 A JP2007527574 A JP 2007527574A JP 5395355 B2 JP5395355 B2 JP 5395355B2
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- OELFLUMRDSZNSF-BRWVUGGUSA-N nateglinide Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](C(C)C)CC[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OELFLUMRDSZNSF-BRWVUGGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001783 nicardipine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HYIMSNHJOBLJNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nifedipine Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O HYIMSNHJOBLJNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001597 nifedipine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000227 nisoldipine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005017 olanzapine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KVWDHTXUZHCGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N olanzapine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2NC2=C1C=C(C)S2 KVWDHTXUZHCGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001199 olmesartan medoxomil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940127216 oral anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940097271 other diuretics in atc Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004570 oxprenolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002035 penbutolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQXKVJAGOJTNJS-HNNXBMFYSA-N penbutolol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC[C@H](O)COC1=CC=CC=C1C1CCCC1 KQXKVJAGOJTNJS-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002582 perindopril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IPVQLZZIHOAWMC-QXKUPLGCSA-N perindopril Chemical compound C1CCC[C@H]2C[C@@H](C(O)=O)N(C(=O)[C@H](C)N[C@@H](CCC)C(=O)OCC)[C@H]21 IPVQLZZIHOAWMC-QXKUPLGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001050 pharmacotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002508 pindolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PHUTUTUABXHXLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pindolol Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=NC=C[C]12 PHUTUTUABXHXLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005095 pioglitazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000106 platelet aggregation inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005483 polythiazide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000046 polythiazide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002965 pravastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N pravastatin Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@H](CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)[C@H]2[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@H](O)C=C21 TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IENZQIKPVFGBNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N prazosin Chemical compound N=1C(N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=NC=1N(CC1)CCN1C(=O)C1=CC=CO1 IENZQIKPVFGBNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001289 prazosin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003712 propranolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001455 quinapril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JSDRRTOADPPCHY-HSQYWUDLSA-N quinapril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2C1)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JSDRRTOADPPCHY-HSQYWUDLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003401 ramipril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HDACQVRGBOVJII-JBDAPHQKSA-N ramipril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](C[C@@H]2CCC[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 HDACQVRGBOVJII-JBDAPHQKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002354 repaglinide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000672 rosuvastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BPRHUIZQVSMCRT-VEUZHWNKSA-N rosuvastatin Chemical compound CC(C)C1=NC(N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=NC(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C1\C=C\[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BPRHUIZQVSMCRT-VEUZHWNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002855 simvastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N simvastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=C[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYITYFHKDODNCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-oxo-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)chromen-4-olate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=1C2=CC=CC=C2OC(=O)C=1C(CC(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KYITYFHKDODNCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940103422 stalevo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- YROXIXLRRCOBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonylurea Chemical class OC(=N)N=S(=O)=O YROXIXLRRCOBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005187 telmisartan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VCKUSRYTPJJLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N terazosin Chemical compound N=1C(N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=NC=1N(CC1)CCN1C(=O)C1CCCO1 VCKUSRYTPJJLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001693 terazosin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005001 ticlopidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PHWBOXQYWZNQIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ticlopidine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1CN1CC(C=CS2)=C2CC1 PHWBOXQYWZNQIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004605 timolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005461 torasemide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002051 trandolapril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004699 valsartan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SJSNUMAYCRRIOM-QFIPXVFZSA-N valsartan Chemical compound C1=CC(CN(C(=O)CCCC)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NN=N[N]1 SJSNUMAYCRRIOM-QFIPXVFZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002227 vasoactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124549 vasodilator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003071 vasodilator agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001722 verapamil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002647 warfarin sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
Images
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- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
- A61K9/2086—Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat
- A61K9/209—Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat containing drug in at least two layers or in the core and in at least one outer layer
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- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
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Description
その刻み目のある錠剤が往々にして破断されるワルファリンなどの多くの薬物は、用量調節を必要とする。患者による錠剤破断を介してのこれらの用量調節は、不正確であると決定されている。次の検討で示されるように、多年にわたって専門家が錠剤破断の質を改善するように薬剤業界に呼びかけていたが、本発明に至るまで、いまだこのようなことは、最適化されていない。
M.Stimpel et al.、「Breaking Tablets in Half」、The Lancet(1984):1299 N.Rodenhuis et al.、「The rationale of scored tablets as dosage form」、European J.of Pharmaceutical Sciences 21(2004):305−308 van Santen,E.、Barends,D.M.and Frijlink,H.W.「Breaking of scored tablets:a review」、European J.of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 53(2002):139−145 Peek,B.T.、Al−Achi,A.、Coombs,S.J.「Accuracy of Tablet Splitting by Elderly Patients」、The Journal of the American Medical Association 288 No.4(2002):139−145。 Biron,C.、Liczner,P.、Hansel,S.、Schved,J.F.、「Oral Anticoagulant Drugs:Do Not Cut Tablets in Quarters」Thromb Haemost 1201(1999) McDevitt,J.T.、Gurst,A.H.、Chen,Y.「Accuracy of Tablet Splitting」Pharmacotherapy 18 No.1(1998):193−197 Rosenberg,J.M.、Nathan,J.P.、Plakogiannis,F.「Weight Variability of Pharmacist−Dispensed Split Tablets」Journal of American Pharmaceutical Association 42 No.2(2002):200−205 Teng,J.、Song,C.K.、Williams,R.L.、Polli,J.E.「Lack of Medication Dose Uniformity in Commonly Split Tablets」Journal of American Pharmaceutical Association 42 No.2(2002):195−199 Sica,D.、Drugs、2002;62(3):「Rationale for Fixed−Dose Combinations in the Treatment of Hypertension」 Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences 20th Ed.、Mack Publishing Co.、Easton、Pa.(2000)、Chapter 45
セグメントは、本発明の錠剤またはタブレッテ(下記参照)の隣接する実質的に均一な部の全体を示している。
顆粒を、標準的な2層高速プレスなどの錠剤プレス機の金型に入れる。顆粒を場合によってタンピングし、底部パンチに存在するエンボシングにより下から窪みをつけられている層を生じさせる。前記のエンボシングは、2等分エンボシングの形態であってもよいし、さらに複雑であってもよいし、1つを上回る刻み目に関してもよい。第2の充填ステーションで、好ましくは不活性な賦形剤からなる第2の同一でない顆粒を金型に入れ、場合によってタンピングする。同じ充填ステーションで、両方の層を下方に押すために十分な圧縮力を加えて、第1の底部層を実質的に完全に、底部パンチのエンボシングの上部のレベルまで押す。前記のエンボシングの前記の最高点が、前記の第2の層の上に、または好ましくはその内部に達している場合に、新規の錠剤が生じる。この錠剤は、その第1の層として、本願明細書で称される分割層を有する。分割層の個々の部は、隣接して無く、本願明細書では、単位セグメントと称される。
A.カルシウムアンタゴニスト(後記リスト参照);
B.ベータブロッカー(後記リスト参照);
C.有機硝酸塩製剤(例えば、イソソルビド一硝酸塩または二硝酸塩)。
2.抗狭心症薬+抗血小板薬、例えば、アスピリン、クロピドグレルまたはチクロピジン。
3.2種の低血糖症薬(後記リスト参照)。
4.塩化カリウムおよび任意のチアジド型またはループ利尿薬(後記リスト参照)。
5.脂質低下剤+:低血糖症薬、抗血小板薬、抗狭心症薬および/または抗高血圧薬(前記および下記リスト参照)。
ベータブロッカー:アセブトロール、アテノロール、ビソプロロール、セリプロロール、メトプロロール、メビボロール、カルベジロール(混合アルファ−ベータブロッカー)、ナドロール、オクスプレノロール、ペンブトロール、ピンドロール、プロプラノロール、チモロール、ベタキソロール、カルテオロール;カルシウムアンタゴニスト(カルシウムチャネルブロッカー):ニフェジピン、アムロジピン、ベラパミル、ジルチアゼム、ニソルジピン、フェロジピン、イスラジピン、ラシジピン、レルカニジピン、ニカルジピン、マニジピン;
チアジド型利尿剤(トリアムテレン、アミロリドまたはスピロノラクトンなどのカリウム保持性利尿剤を伴うか伴わない):ヒドロクロロチアジド、クロロチアジド、シクロペンチアジド、ポリチアジド、ベンドロフルアジド、ヒドロフルメチアジド、クロルタリドン、インダパミド、メチルクロチアジド、メトラゾン;
アンギオテンシン変更酵素阻害剤:カプトプリル、エナラプリル、リシノプリル、ラミプリル、トランドラプリル、キナプリル、ペリンドプリル、モエキシプリル、ベナゼプリル、フォシノプリル;
アンギオテンシン受容体ブロッカー:ロサルタン、バルサルタン、カンデサルタン、テルミサルタン、エプロサルタン、イルベサルタン;
ハイセイリング(highceiling)(ループ)利尿剤(トリアムテレン、アミロリドまたはスピロノラクトンなどのカリウム保持性利尿剤を伴うか伴わない):フロセミド、トルセミド、エタクリン酸、ブメタミド;
アルドステロンアンタゴニスト利尿剤:スピロノラクトン、エプレレノン;
アルファブロッカー:ドキサゾシン、テラゾシン、プラゾシン、インドラミン、ラベトロール(混合アルファ−ベータブロッカー);
中心性(central)アルファアゴニスト:クロニジン、メチルドーパ;イミダゾリン:モキソニジン;
直接血管拡張薬:ヒドララジン、ミノキシジル;
アドレナリン作動性ニューロンブロッカー:グアネチジン。
スタチン:ロバスタチン、シムバスタチン、プラバスタチン、ロスバスタチン、アトルバスタチン、フルバスタチン;
フィブラート:クロフィブラート、ベザフィブラート、フェノフィブラート、ゲムフィブロジル、シプロフィブラート;
他:エゼチミド、ナイアシン、アシピモックスが含まれる。
Stokes 27ステーション3層回転錠剤プレス機を使用する。すべての処方物は、直接圧縮可能な粉末ブレンドである。アムロジピン処方物のブレンドを、Patterson−Kelly「V」ブレンダー中で行う。第1のセグメントは、Nu−Tab(登録商標)からなり、ブレンドを必要としない。錠剤パンチを使用して、35キロポンドの硬さまで、錠剤を圧縮する。アムロジピン処方物を、各用量で全部でアムロジピンベシレート5mgを提供するようにサイジングされたウェッジ形態のエンボス底部セクションを有する金型に初めに入れる。平らなプロファイルを有する頂部金型を使用して、錠剤成形成分を圧縮する。
1.各成分を秤量する。
2.各成分をふるいに掛ける。
3.適切なミキサーを使用して、幾何学的割合で、主な希釈剤と共に着色剤を粉砕する。
4.滑剤を除く残りの成分をステップ#3からの着色剤ミキサーに加え、所望の時間混合する。
5.ステップ#4からのブレンドに滑剤を加え、所望の時間混合する。
6.ブレンドを、所望のツーリングを備えた適切なプレス機に加え、錠剤に圧縮する。
Nu−Tab(登録商標)(圧縮可能な糖30/35 N.F.) 194.00
1.各成分を秤量する。
2.各成分をふるいに掛ける。
3.適切なミキサーを使用して、幾何学的割合で、主な希釈剤と共に着色剤を粉砕する。
4.滑剤を除く残りの成分をステップ#3からの着色剤ミキサーに加え、所望の時間混合する。
5.ステップ#4からのブレンドに滑剤を加え、所望の時間混合する。
6.ブレンドを、所望のツーリングを備えた適切なプレス機に加え、錠剤に圧縮する。
1.アムロジピン単位セグメント(層)のための粉末をホッパー#1に装入する。
2.第1のセグメントのための粉末をホッパー#2に装入する。
3.活性層のための粉末をホッパー#3に装入する。
4.単位セグメントを圧縮して所望の重量にする(層#1のための錠剤は、軟質コンパクトをもたらすべきである)。
5.層#1錠剤および層#2錠剤を圧縮して、層#1および層#2重量の望ましい組合せ重量にする(錠剤は、軟質コンパクトをもたらすべきである)。
6.三層錠剤を圧縮して、所望の全錠剤重量にする(層#1重量+層#2重量)。錠剤は所望の硬さであるべきである。
Claims (16)
- 層状の圧縮医薬錠剤であって、1または複数の薬剤の有効量を含む底部セグメントと、検出不可能な量の薬物または薬理学的に無効な量の薬物を含む頂部セグメントとを有し、前記頂部セグメントは頂面および底面を有し、かつ前記頂面側からは刻み目が付けられておらず、前記底部セグメントはエンボシングを有する底部パンチによって刻み目が付けられて相互に同一の第1の単位セグメントと第2の単位セグメントが形成されており、これらの単位セグメントはそれぞれ頂面と底面を有し、各単位セグメントの頂面が前記頂部セグメントに接触しており、前記底部セグメントおよび前記頂部セグメントにおける「底部」および「頂部」の用語は、圧縮工程中の錠剤金型内における錠剤の配置に基づくものである医薬錠剤において、
前記圧縮工程は、まず前記底部セグメントとなる顆粒を金型に入れ、前記エンボシングの最も高い点の上に層を生じさせ、上部パンチによりタンピングした後に前記頂部セグメントとなる顆粒を前記底部セグメントとなる顆粒の頂部で金型に入れ、前記上部パンチによりタンピングし、次いで錠剤を前記上部パンチにより圧縮して、該圧縮が、前記底部セグメントとなる顆粒を前記エンボシングの最高点の下へと押すようにする圧縮工程であることを特徴とする医薬錠剤。 - 前記の第1および第2の単位セグメントに加えて、1個または複数の付加的な単位セグメントが場合によって存在し、それは、前記の第1の単位セグメントと同じ1つまたは複数の層に由来する、請求項1に記載の医薬錠剤。
- 前記の頂部セグメントは、前記の第1の単位セグメントおよび前記の第2の単位セグメント中に存在する1種または複数の薬物を10ppm以下の濃度で含有する、請求項1に記載の医薬錠剤。
- 前記の頂部セグメントは、前記の第1の単位セグメントおよび前記の第2の単位セグメント中に存在する1種または複数の薬物を10%以下の濃度で含有する、請求項1に記載
の医薬錠剤。 - 前記の頂部セグメントは、前記の第1の単位セグメントおよび前記の第2の単位セグメント中に存在する薬物を2%以下の濃度で含有する、請求項1に記載の医薬錠剤。
- 前記の頂部セグメントは、薬物を含有しない顆粒に由来する、請求項1に記載の医薬錠剤。
- 前記の第1の単位セグメントおよび前記の第2の単位セグメントの組成とは組成的に異なり、薬物を含有する顆粒に由来する付加的な単位セグメントが、前記の錠剤中に含まれている、請求項1に記載の医薬錠剤。
- 前記の第1の単位セグメントおよび前記の第2の単位セグメントは、外側セグメントである、請求項1に記載の医薬錠剤。
- 前記の頂部セグメント中に垂直な刻み目が存在し、前記の刻み目は、前記の第1の単位セグメントと前記の第2の単位セグメントとの間の空間の中央と垂直に並んでいる、請求項1に記載の医薬錠剤。
- 前記の第1の単位セグメントおよび前記の第2の単位セグメントに加えて、組成的に同一な2個の付加的な単位セグメントが存在する、請求項1に記載の医薬錠剤。
- 前記の1種または複数の薬物は、心臓血管障害、精神医学的障害、糖尿病、甲状腺障害、疼痛または血栓障害を治療する際に薬理学的に有効である、請求項1に記載の医薬錠剤。
- 前記の薬物は、ワルファリンである、請求項11に記載の医薬錠剤。
- 前記の薬物は、ジゴキシンである、請求項11に記載の医薬錠剤。
- 前記の薬物は、レボスロキシンである、請求項11に記載の医薬錠剤。
- 前記の頂部セグメントは、前記の第1および第2の単位セグメントと隣接している表面とは逆側である前記の頂部セグメントの面で、複数の単位セグメントと隣接している、請求項1に記載の医薬錠剤。
- 単位セグメントではなく、前記の頂部セグメントで錠剤が破断されるように、前記の第1および前記の第2の単位セグメントに力を加えることにより、前記の錠剤を破断する、請求項1に記載の医薬錠剤を破断する方法。
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JP2007527575A Pending JP2008500401A (ja) | 2004-05-21 | 2005-05-23 | 複数のセグメントを含む、刻み目のある医薬錠剤 |
JP2007527576A Pending JP2008500402A (ja) | 2004-05-21 | 2005-05-23 | 幅を上回る高さを有する即時放出型医薬錠剤 |
JP2007527577A Withdrawn JP2008500403A (ja) | 2004-05-21 | 2005-05-23 | 錠剤の側面に配置されている分離マークを有する医薬錠剤 |
JP2007527574A Expired - Fee Related JP5395355B2 (ja) | 2004-05-21 | 2005-05-23 | 2個またはそれ以上の単位セグメントを含む医薬錠剤 |
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JP2007527575A Pending JP2008500401A (ja) | 2004-05-21 | 2005-05-23 | 複数のセグメントを含む、刻み目のある医薬錠剤 |
JP2007527576A Pending JP2008500402A (ja) | 2004-05-21 | 2005-05-23 | 幅を上回る高さを有する即時放出型医薬錠剤 |
JP2007527577A Withdrawn JP2008500403A (ja) | 2004-05-21 | 2005-05-23 | 錠剤の側面に配置されている分離マークを有する医薬錠剤 |
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EP (5) | EP1755564B1 (ja) |
JP (5) | JP5008565B2 (ja) |
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JP7257959B2 (ja) | 2016-10-17 | 2023-04-14 | ペルツァー,フランク | 食品又は飲料を収容及び運ぶための携帯用手持ち式装置、並びに温度を制御するための方法 |
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