JP5390879B2 - 廃棄材料を処理するための装置、システム、および方法 - Google Patents
廃棄材料を処理するための装置、システム、および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/34—Internal compartments or partitions
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- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/04—Filters; Permeable or porous membranes or plates, e.g. dialysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/26—Conditioning fluids entering or exiting the reaction vessel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/286—Anaerobic digestion processes including two or more steps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Description
Claims (14)
- 廃棄材料を処理する方法であって、
装置の中で廃棄材料を、前記装置内での蒸気が飽和状態に達するような高温、高圧および機械的せん断作用にさらして、次に、前記装置内の蒸気を急速に抜いて前記装置内の圧力を前記高圧から負圧に急速に低下して沸点以上の状態にし、前記廃棄材料からエンタルピーを放出させることにより、慣用のリサイクル可能な粉砕木材パルプよりも高いろ水度(freeness)すなわち急速に排水するより大きな能力と、同じエネルギー消費量で廃棄材料の慣用のハイドロパルプ化によって達成されるものより微細な粒子サイズと、無菌性と、バイオマス中の有機材料の大部分が可溶化されることと、同様な処理にさらされなかったセルロース繊維と比較してセルロース繊維の向上した生物分解性とからなる特性群から選択される少なくとも1つの特性を有するバイオマスを生成する工程と、
前記バイオマスを重力分離工程にさらして、前記バイオマスの構成部分を密度により分離する工程と、
前記バイオマスをプロセス水で希釈する工程と、結果として得られる前記希釈した混合物をパルプ化または混合作用にさらす工程と、
前記希釈された混合物を濃縮する工程と、
前記濃縮された混合物を嫌気性消化装置に加える工程と、
前記嫌気性消化装置中で流体を固体から分離する工程と、
メタン生成微生物の生物学的作用によるCO2およびメタンを含むバイオガスと、固体燃料および/または堆肥として適した残留材料とを生成する工程と、を含み、
前記嫌気性消化装置は、
外壁を有する容器と、
前記外壁から内側に一定間隔で配置された中間壁と、前記中間壁と前記外壁との間に画定された液圧リザーバと、
前記中間壁から内側に一定間隔で配置された内壁と、前記内壁と前記中間壁との間に画定された付着成長媒体ゾーンと、
前記内壁中に画定された内側ゾーンと前記付着成長媒体ゾーンとの間を流体連絡させるために透過性のある前記内壁の下部分と、を含み、
前記流体が、前記嫌気性消化装置の中央ゾーン内に収容された固体から浸出され、前記中央ゾーンをとり囲んでいる付着成長媒体ゾーンに入り、前記メタン生成微生物は、前記付着成長媒体ゾーン内に含まれる媒体に付着したままであることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記バイオマスが4%の固体含有量に希釈されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記希釈された混合物が130°F(54℃)で30分間維持されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮する工程では、前記希釈された混合物を50%の固体と50%の流体の稠度に濃縮することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記付着成長媒体ゾーン内の流体が、前記付着成長媒体ゾーンの外周辺を画定する中間壁の頂端部によって形成されたせきを越えて移送され、前記嫌気性消化装置の中間壁と外壁との間に画定された液圧リザーバの中に入ることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記重力分離工程中に分離された前記バイオマスの一部分を、前記バイオマスの固体部分と前記バイオマスの流体部分とを生物学的に処理するために個別のゾーンを有する前記嫌気性消化装置に加える工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記バイオマスの流体部分が、前記嫌気性消化装置の中央ゾーン内に収容された前記バイオマスの固体部分から浸出され、前記流体部分が前記中央ゾーンを囲む付着成長媒体ゾーンに入り、前記メタン生成微生物は前記付着成長媒体ゾーン内に含まれる媒体に付着したままであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記付着成長媒体ゾーン内の流体が、前記付着成長媒体ゾーンの外周辺を画定する中間壁の頂端部によって形成されたせきを越えて移送され、前記嫌気性消化装置の中間壁と外壁との間に画定された液圧リザーバの中に入ることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記液圧リザーバからの流体が前記装置からバイオマスに加えられ、前記混合物は、前記嫌気性消化装置に加えられる前に前記重力分離工程にさらされることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- バーが前記内側ゾーンの下部分を横切って配置され、前記バーは前記内側ゾーンから前記バーを通って落ちる材料を破壊するようになっていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記容器がその下端部において先細になり、前記内側ゾーンの下方で円錐状圧密ゾーンを形成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 出口が前記外壁を通って前記液圧リザーバと流体連絡して設けられており、リサイクル管路を通じて前記内側ゾーンの頂部に連結していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 温度が前記リサイクル管路の中で制御され、前記容器内の温度を所望の範囲内に維持することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記容器内で生成されたガスを集めるためのヘッド空間が、少なくとも前記内側ゾーン上の前記容器の頂部に画定されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
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KR101532735B1 (ko) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-07-02 | (주)대우건설 | 미생물 농축조를 구비하는 상향류식 혐기성 소화장치 |
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EP1558529A1 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
JP2006504524A (ja) | 2006-02-09 |
JP4391947B2 (ja) | 2009-12-24 |
AU2003268566A1 (en) | 2004-06-07 |
CA2504375C (en) | 2012-11-13 |
CA2783568A1 (en) | 2004-05-21 |
CA2504375A1 (en) | 2004-05-21 |
US20040084366A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
WO2004041733A1 (en) | 2004-05-21 |
EP2105414A3 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
US6730223B1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
JP2009172597A (ja) | 2009-08-06 |
CA2783568C (en) | 2014-04-01 |
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