JP5366529B2 - Civil engineering structure and method for constructing civil engineering structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a civil engineering structure and a construction method for the civil engineering structure that can make deep each surface side clearance space formed by adjacent front side natural stones in a surface layer while securing a firm revetment function. <P>SOLUTION: Rear side natural stones 11 are connected to respective front side natural stones 10 forming the surface layer 1A through an anchor 12, and a concrete layer 9 is longitudinally held by the respective front side natural stones 10 and rear side natural stones 11. The firm revetment function is thereby secured by the concrete layer 9 and the respective front side natural stones 10 forming the surface layer 1A, while the forward movement of the respective front side natural stones 10 is regulated by utilizing the engagement of the respective rear side natural stones 11 with the back face side of the concrete layer 9 to eliminate the necessity (constitution) to bury the half or more of the volume of the respective front side natural stones 10 into the concrete layer 9 to regulate the forward movement, that is, to make the surface side clearance 21 shallow. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

 The present invention relates to a civil engineering structure and a construction method for a civil engineering structure.

 In the civil engineering structure, as shown in Patent Document 1, a plurality of construction stones for civil engineering structures in which a stone is attached to one end of the extending member and a frictional force increasing means is attached to the other end, and the stones are stacked. It is known that the extending members are arranged substantially in parallel, and the extending members and the frictional force increasing means are embedded in crushed stone or the like. According to this, the holding state of the construction stone for the civil engineering structure can be strengthened based on the frictional force between the frictional force increasing means and the crushed stone, and the civil engineering structure can be made stable and strong.

By the way, as a more robust civil engineering structure, there is one using a stonework construction method. As a civil engineering structure (revetment, retaining wall, etc.) using the stonework construction method, a concrete layer is laid on the construction surface, and a plurality of stones are exposed and stacked on the concrete layer from the surface of the concrete layer What is held by is widely known. When constructing this civil engineering structure, concretely, stones are arranged side by side by human power to make the first row of stones, a back formwork is placed on the back side, and the back side of the back formwork is backed Input the material. After introducing the backfill material, concrete is placed between the stone row and the back formwork (including embedding more than half of each stone's volume in the concrete), and when that is done, the back formwork is removed. To do. Such a series of steps is sequentially repeated in each step on the upper side of the stone row, and the civil engineering structure is constructed by passing through the steps. As a result, the civil engineering structure exhibits a strong revetment function based on a surface layer made of stone, a concrete layer, and the like.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-310913

However, in the civil engineering structure using the above-mentioned stonework construction method, in order to hold each stone in the concrete layer without dropping off, it is necessary to embed more than half of the volume of each stone in the concrete layer. The protruding amount of each stone from is small. For this reason, in the surface layer, each gap space (joint) formed by adjacent stones must be shallow, and even if each gap space is used as a biological habitat space, plant growth space, etc., The utility value is low.

Moreover, when constructing civil engineering structures as described above, it is necessary not only to perform the above-described series of steps for each stage, but in the concrete placing step, more than half of the volume of each stone is made into concrete. You must embed. For this reason, this construction requires considerable skill and labor, as well as construction time.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a first technical problem thereof is to deepen each surface-side gap space formed by adjacent massive members in the surface layer while ensuring a strong revetment function. The purpose is to provide a civil engineering structure.
A second technical problem is to provide a construction method for a civil engineering structure that can be used for constructing the civil engineering structure, and that can reduce the work load and shorten the construction time.

In order to achieve the first technical problem, the present invention (the invention according to claim 1)
In a civil engineering structure in which a concrete layer is laid on an inclined construction surface, and a plurality of massive members are exposed as surface layers on the concrete layer and held in a stacked state.
To each of the massive members, a bulky holding member is connected via a shaft-like member on the back side of each massive member,
Each of the massive members and each of the holding members are arranged so as to sandwich the concrete layer back and forth ,
The entire exposed outer surface of each holding member is engaged with the construction surface,
The surface of the construction surface is formed by a backfilling material layer having water permeability,
The outside of the surface layer formed by the plurality of massive members and the backfill material layer are communicated with each other via a drain pipe.
Configuration Ru entirety in.

In order to achieve the second technical problem, in the present invention (the invention according to claim 2 ),
In a construction method of a civil engineering structure, a concrete layer is laid on an inclined construction surface, and a plurality of massive members are exposed as surface layers on the concrete layer and are held in a stacked state.
As a connection unit, prepare a plurality of block members connected to a block member via a shaft member,
The connecting units are stacked in a plurality of stages on the front side of the construction surface so that the block members of the connection units are arranged in front of the holding members, and the surface layer is formed by the block members of the connection units. And forming a partition layer by the holding member of each connecting unit,
After this, concrete is filled between the surface layer and the partition layer ,
Before filling the concrete, adjacent to the back side of the partition layer, to form a backfill material layer having air permeability,
As a configuration. The preferred embodiment of claim 2 is as described in claim 3 and the following.

 According to the first aspect of the present invention, a strong revetment function can be secured by the surface layer and the concrete layer formed by the massive member, while each massive member and each retaining member sandwich the concrete layer in the front and rear. Since the retaining member is engaged with the concrete layer, it is possible to restrict the movement of each massive member forward, and more than half of the volume of each massive member is restricted to the concrete layer for forward movement restriction. It is possible to eliminate the necessity (configuration) of embedding in. For this reason, the protrusion amount of each massive member from the surface of the concrete layer can be increased, and each surface side clearance space (joint) formed by adjacent massive members can be secured in a deep state. As a result, with respect to each surface-side gap space, the utility value as an animal and plant habitat growing space can be increased, and the civil engineering structure can be harmonized with the surrounding environment. Of course, in this case, it is not necessary to embed more than half of each massive member in the concrete layer, and workability can be improved.

Further, since each retaining member is integrated with the concrete layer, and the entire exposed outer surface of each retaining member is engaged with the construction surface, each retaining member is based on the uneven surface formed by the exposed outer surface of each retaining member. Further, the shear resistance between the front layer (partition layer, concrete layer and surface layer) and the construction surface can be increased, and the stability of the civil engineering structure can be increased.

Furthermore, the surface of the construction surface is formed by a water-permeable backfilling material layer, and the outside of the surface layer formed by a plurality of massive members and the backfilling material layer communicate with each other via a drain pipe. Although the concrete layer makes it difficult to drain water from the construction surface side to the surface layer side, the water can be systematically drained to a predetermined external location through the drain pipe. In this case, the drainage from the water distribution pipe can be supplied to the surface side gap space of the surface layer, and the drainage can be accurately used to promote the inhabiting of animals (living organisms) and the growth of plants.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, as the connecting unit, a plurality of connecting members each having a block member connected to the block member via the shaft member is prepared, and the connecting unit is connected to the front side of the construction surface. The lump members are stacked in a plurality of stages so as to be arranged on the front side of the holding member, and a surface layer is formed by the lump members of each connecting unit, and a partition layer is formed by the holding member of each connecting unit. After forming and filling concrete between the surface layer and the partition layer, each block member and each holding member are arranged to sandwich the concrete layer back and forth, and the claim The civil engineering structure which concerns on 1 can be obtained.
In addition, the connection units are stacked in a plurality of stages, and a surface layer is formed by the massive members of each connection unit, and a partition layer is formed by a retentive member of each connection unit, and the surface layer is separated between the surface layers. Since the concrete is filled, when constructing multiple stages of the civil engineering structure, it is sufficient to perform the concrete filling only once between the surface layer and the partition layer as a formwork. Neither the filling nor the work of embedding more than half of the volume of the massive member into the concrete is required. For this reason, the work load can be reduced and the construction time can be shortened.
Furthermore, since concrete filling is performed after stacking a plurality of connecting units, the concrete placement height can be increased as compared with the case where concrete is placed for each stage. It can suppress that the intensity | strength of a layer (the said civil engineering structure) falls.

In addition to the above, before the concrete is filled, an air-permeable backfilling material layer is formed adjacent to the back side of the compartment layer, so the compartment layer can be used (used as a back formwork). Not only can the support material layer be supported (filling backfill material), but when filling concrete, not only the upper side (backfill material input side) but also the backfill material through the gaps between the back-up members It can escape also to a layer, and it can suppress more that a bubble (air) is taken in into concrete (concrete layer). In addition, the holding members (partition layers) of the multi-stage connecting unit also serve as the back mold, so that the installation and removal of the back mold for each stage can be made unnecessary. For this reason, even when the backfilling material layer is formed on the back side of the partition layer, it is possible to reduce the work load and the construction time.

According to the invention according to claim 3 , before filling the concrete, the filling is filled in the surface side gap space formed by the adjacent massive members in the surface layer, and after filling the concrete, the filling is removed from the surface side gap space. The padding can be reliably controlled by the padding so that the concrete tends to go out through the gaps between the adjacent block members. It can be deep. For this reason, utility value can be raised as the surface side clearance space as a habitat growth space of animals and plants.
Moreover, since the surface side clearance space (joint) between adjacent massive members can be deepened, it is possible to enhance the shading and harmonize with the surrounding natural scenery.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 4 , since the surface side clearance space from which the padding has been removed is filled with the soil, the growth of the plant can be further promoted by the soil filled in the deep clearance space.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 5 , since what has the rigidity which does not bend even if this connection unit is lifted with the shaft-shaped member is used as a shaft-shaped member of a connection unit, conveyance of a connection unit is carried out smoothly. In addition, the connecting unit can be installed and stacked accurately.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, when stacking the connecting units, the lifting tool that is lifted by the lifting machine and removably supports the connecting unit is used. When the lifting tool supports the connecting unit, the lifting tool is used. Since the shaft-shaped member of the connecting unit is rotatably supported, the shaft-shaped member is rotated during installation and stacking (lifting) of the connecting unit, and the orientation of the massive member and the holding member is adjusted. The connection unit can be taken down. For this reason, the stacking state of the connecting units can be optimized.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 7, when a thing with a diameter smaller than the block-shaped member of the connection unit is used as a reservation member of a connection unit, when stacking each connection unit, a padding material is interposed between adjacent reservation members. Therefore, the height of the holding member of each connecting unit can be adjusted with the interstices, and the gradient of the connecting unit (surface layer) can be easily adjusted.

According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, a series of steps consisting of stacking a plurality of connecting units and filling concrete is repeated a plurality of times, so that even when the height of the civil engineering structure to be constructed is increased. In consideration of the stability of stacking of the connecting units, it can be performed in a plurality of times, and a civil engineering structure with a high height can be accurately constructed.
Also, since concrete filling is performed after stacking multiple stages of connecting units, the concrete placement height can be increased compared to the case where concrete is placed for each stage, and the concrete joints are reduced. Can do. For this reason, a concrete layer (the civil engineering structure) can be made preferable in terms of strength.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In FIG. 1, FIG. 2, the code | symbol 1 shows the bank protection as a civil engineering structure which concerns on embodiment. The revetment 1 is provided with an installation surface 3 below the inclined cut surface (for example, 1: 0.4) 2, and above the installation surface 3, the cut surface 2 is directed to the river W side. In order, a backfilling material layer 4 and a connecting unit constituting layer 5 are provided.

 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a foundation concrete block 6 is installed on the installation surface 3. The foundation concrete block 6 extends only in the construction section in the extending direction of the river W (or revetment 1) (in FIG. 1, the direction orthogonal to the paper surface), and the side walls 7 (see FIG. 16). An inclined support surface 6a is formed on the upper part of the foundation concrete block 6, and the support surface 6a is inclined so as to face upward from the cut surface 2 toward the river W side.

 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the backfill material layer 4 is laid on the cut surface 2 with a predetermined thickness (for example, 30 to 70 cm). The backfilling material layer 4 forms a continuous layer with the cut surface 2, and the surface of the backfilling material layer 4 constitutes a construction surface for the connecting unit constituting layer 5. For example, crushed stone of 0 to 40 mm is used as the backfilling material forming the backfilling material layer 4. Based on the filling of this crushed stone or the like, the backfilling material layer 4 has good air permeability and water permeability. Have.

 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the connecting unit constituting layer 5 is constituted by a connecting unit group 8 and a concrete layer 9 provided inside the connecting unit group 8. The connecting unit group 8 includes a plurality of connecting units (units for civil engineering structures) 8A stacked in order from the foundation concrete block 6, and each connecting unit 8A is as shown in FIGS. In addition, a front natural stone (for example, rubble or cobblestone) 10 as a lump member and a rear natural stone (for example, calculus or cobblestone) 11 as a retaining member are connected with an anchor 12 as a shaft-shaped member. . In this case, each connecting unit 8A is arranged such that the front natural stone 10 is in front of the rear natural stone 11, and the front natural stone 10 extends in the extending direction of the revetment 1 in each stacked stage. A continuous row SL is formed in the direction orthogonal to the paper surface in FIG. Each of the front natural stone rows SL is continuously stacked from the lower side to the upper side of the construction surface 3 while being supported by the support surface 6a of the foundation concrete block 6, and the uppermost stage. The front natural stone row SL reaches a height near the upper end surface (slope) of the construction surface. Thereby, the front natural stone 10 (row SL) of the connecting unit group 8 constitutes the surface layer 1A of the revetment 1. At this time, the gradient of the surface layer 1 </ b> A (each front natural stone 10) is set in a range from an upright state to about 1: 1.0 (usually 1: 0.5).

 On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rear natural stone 11 of each connecting unit 8A is installed at a position lower than the front natural stone 10 so that the surface layer 1A has the gradient. (Inclined arrangement of the connecting unit 8A). For this reason, the diameter of the rear natural stone 11 is made smaller than the diameter of the front natural stone 10 (preferably, the diameter of the rear natural stone 11 is about 200 mm with respect to the diameter of the front natural stone 10), On top of that, between the back natural stones 11 of the connecting units 8A adjacent to each other in the vertical and horizontal directions, an interstitial stone (kake stone) 13 as an interstitial material is appropriately bitten so that each of the rear natural stones 11 Height adjustment etc. are made. The rear natural stone 11 and the interstitial stone 13 of each connection unit 8A constitute a partition layer 14 that partitions the connection unit constituent layer 5 and the backfill material layer 4, and the partition layer 14 On the side of the filler material layer 4, an uneven surface is formed based on the uneven shape of each rear natural stone 11 and each interstitial stone 13. The backfill material layer 4 enters the recess of the partition layer 14, and the uneven surface of the partition layer 14 (the entire exposed outer surface of the rear natural stone 11 and the like) and the backfill material layer 4 are engaged. . For this reason, the frictional resistance (shear resistance) between the connecting unit constituting layer 5 and the backfill material layer 4 is high. From the viewpoint of enhancing this engagement relationship, it is preferable to use a quart stone whose shape is irregular as the rear natural stone 11. The rear natural stone 11 and the front natural stone 10 are formed with attachment holes (not shown) for attaching the anchor 12 respectively.

 One end of the anchor 12 is attached to the mounting hole of the front natural stone 10 with an adhesive (for example, hot melt), and the other end thereof has an adhesive (for example, hot melt) to the mounting hole of the rear natural stone 11. Installed. As this anchor 12, a straight iron bar having rigidity that does not bend easily even if it is lifted with the front natural stone 10 attached to one end and the rear natural stone 11 attached to the other end is used. In the present embodiment, those having a total length of 20 cm and a diameter of around 13 mm are used. On both sides of the anchor 12, flange portions 15 are integrally provided on the inner side in the axial center extending direction from each end face (for example, around 45 mm from the shaft end). Each flange portion 15 is brought into contact with the outer surface of the peripheral portion of the mounting hole of each natural stone 10, 11 so that the amount of insertion of each end portion of the anchor 12 into the mounting hole of each natural stone 10, 11 is constant. For simplicity, a nut having a larger inner diameter than the diameter of the shaft main body of the anchor 12 is inserted into the shaft main body of the anchor 12, and the nut 12 is crushed inward in the radial direction to be anchor 12. The flange portion 15 can be formed by integrating with the shaft main body. Between the flange portion 15 of each anchor 12 and the outer surface of the peripheral edge of the mounting hole of each natural stone 10 (11), an adhesive overflowing with the insertion of each end of the anchor 12 into the mounting hole is interposed. The adhesiveness between each flange 15 and the outer surface of the peripheral edge of the mounting hole of each natural stone 10 (11) is enhanced based on the overflowing adhesive (see FIG. 9). Each flange portion 15 abuts on the outer surface of the peripheral edge of each mounting hole of each natural stone 10 (11), and each end of the anchor 12 starts from the vicinity of each mounting hole of each natural stone 10 (11). Bending is regulated and breakage of the anchor 12 is to be suppressed.

The connection unit 8A is manufactured as follows in consideration of workability, speediness, and the like.
First, attachment holes are respectively formed in the front natural stone 10 and the rear natural stone 11, and as shown in FIG. 4, the rear natural stone 11 is set so that the attachment hole 11a faces upward (positioning state). . This is because the liquid adhesive in a liquid state at the time of use can be filled and held in the mounting hole 11a.

When the rear natural stone 11 has been set so that the mounting hole 11a faces upward, the liquid adhesive 16 is filled into the mounting hole 11a of the rear natural stone 11, as shown in FIGS. The one end of the anchor 12 is inserted into the mounting hole 11a filled with the liquid adhesive 16. This is because one end of the anchor 12 is integrated with the rear natural stone 11 by using the liquid adhesive 16. In this case, in order to keep the integrated strength constant (in order to keep the insertion amount of one end of the anchor 12 into the mounting hole of the rear natural stone 11 constant), one end of the anchor 12 is connected to the flange portion 15 on the one end side. Is inserted into the mounting hole 11a until it contacts the outer surface of the peripheral edge of the mounting hole 11a of the rear natural stone 11, but with the insertion of the anchor 12, the liquid adhesive 16 overflows out of the mounting hole 11a, The adhesive 16 is interposed between the flange portion 15 and the outer surface of the peripheral edge portion of the mounting hole 11a of the rear natural stone 11. For this reason, the back side natural stone 11 and the flange part 15 will also be adhere | attached with the overflowing adhesive agent 16, and based on this, the integrated strength of the back side natural stone 11 and the flange part 15 will increase. (See FIG. 6). In addition, the code | symbol 16 is used also about what the liquid adhesive solidified.
In the present embodiment, hot melt is used as the liquid adhesive 16. The hot melt does not contain an organic solvent and becomes a liquid when heat is applied, and has a property of solidifying in a short time when the heat is removed. The integration with the side natural stone 11 is about to be performed quickly (in this embodiment, solidification takes about 10 minutes).

When one end of the anchor 12 is integrated with the rear natural stone 11 (after hot-melt solidification), as shown in FIG. 7, the front natural stone 10 is set so that its mounting hole 10a faces upward. This is because the liquid adhesive 16 can be filled and held in the mounting hole 10 a of the front natural stone 10.

 When the setting of the front natural stone 10 is finished, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the mounting hole 10a is filled with a liquid adhesive (hot melt) 16 and the mounting hole 10a is filled with the liquid adhesive 16. The other end of the anchor 12 to which the rear natural stone 11 is attached is inserted. This is because the other end of the anchor 12 is integrated with the front natural stone 10 by using the liquid adhesive 16. In this case, with the mounting hole 10a of the front natural stone 10 facing upward, the other end of the anchor 12 to which the rear natural stone 11 is mounted is inserted into the mounting hole 10a. Even if the other end of the anchor 12 to which the rear natural stone 11 is attached is inserted into the mounting hole of the front natural stone 10 so that the front natural stone 10 is larger than the rear natural stone 11, Based on the stability of the stone 10, the rear natural stone 11 is smaller and lighter than the front natural stone 10, so the load acting on the anchor 12 is reduced to reduce the strength of the anchor 12 (seat resistance). This is because consideration has been given to the fact that (flexibility) can be reduced as much as possible. Of course, in this case, the strength of the anchor 12 is required to withstand the load of the rear natural stone 11. At this time, the other end of the anchor 12 is inserted into the mounting hole 10a of the front natural stone 10 so that the mounting hole 11a of the rear natural stone 11 faces downward, but the hot melt has already solidified. The hot melt does not sag downward.

 After the other end of the anchor 12 is inserted into the mounting hole 10a of the front natural stone 10, the liquid adhesive 16 (hot melt) is solidified, and when the other end of the anchor 12 is integrated with the front natural stone 10, The manufacturing operation of the connecting unit 8A ends. Thus, if the said manufacturing method is used, the connection unit 8A can be manufactured rapidly and easily, and the said manufacturing method can be used not only at a factory but also at the construction site of a civil engineering structure.

 The connecting unit 8A can be manufactured by a driving type manufacturing method shown in FIG. 10 as another manufacturing mode. In this driving-type manufacturing method, an anchor 12 having both ends of the anchor 12 extending from the flange portion 15 and having curved portions 17 on the outer side in the direction is prepared, and the end of the anchor 12 is made of natural stone 10 (11 ) Is pushed into the mounting hole 10a (11a) to push open the curved portion 17, and based on that, the end of the anchor 12 and the natural stone 10 (11) are integrated. At this time, the driving load on the anchor 12 is applied from the flange portion 15 by using the rock drill 18, and therefore, the tip portion (chisel) 19 of the rock drill 18 is shown in FIG. 11. Thus, it is processed so that it can contact the flange portion 15 while avoiding the shaft body of the anchor 12. Of course, also in this case, like the above-described manufacturing method, one end of the anchor 12 is first attached to the rear natural stone 11 smaller than the front natural stone 10, and then the other end of the anchor 12 to which the rear natural stone 11 is attached. Is attached to the front natural stone 10 with the mounting hole 10a facing upward.

 The description returns to the connecting unit constituent layer 5. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the concrete layer 9 of the connection unit constituting layer 5 is arranged in a state of being filled between the surface layer 1 </ b> A and the partition layer 14 of the connection unit group 8. For this reason, the concrete layer 9 includes a gap space (joint) formed between the adjacent front natural stones 10 between the front natural stones 10 and the rear natural stones 11 of each connecting unit 8A, and adjacent gap stones 13. And the rear natural stone 11 also enter a gap space (joint), and the concrete layer 9 is sandwiched between the front natural stone 10 and the rear natural stone 11 of each connecting unit 8A in the front and rear. It has become. As a result, the connecting units 8A and the concrete layer 9 form a strong integrated relationship as the connecting unit constituting layer 5.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 12, each surface side clearance space 21 formed between adjacent front natural stones 10 is deep enough to prevent the concrete layer 9 from entering based on a construction method described later. In order to prevent the front natural stone 10 from falling off by the engagement between the rear natural stone 11 and the concrete layer 9 and to prevent the front natural stone 10 from falling off, the volume of each front natural stone 10 is more than half of the concrete layer. This is because it is not necessary to embed them in the surface 9, and it is desirable to effectively use each surface side gap space 21 as a habitat growth space for animals and plants. For this reason, each front natural stone 10 forming the surface layer 1A protrudes as much as possible from the surface of the concrete layer 9, and each surface side clearance space 21 of the surface layer 1A is deep. Each surface-side gap space 21 is appropriately selected and used as an animal (living organism) habitat space or plant growth space, and particularly when used as a plant growth space, as shown in FIG. Furthermore, the surface side gap space 21 is filled with soil 22, and the growth of the plant 23 is promoted by the soil 22.

 As shown in FIG. 12, a plurality of water distribution pipes 24 (one is shown in FIG. 12) are provided in the connecting unit constituting layer 5. Each of the water distribution pipes 24 is systematically arranged for each fixed region (area), each one end opening faces the backfill material layer 4, and each other end opening faces the outside of the surface layer 1A. Yes. Thereby, although the drainage from the backfilling material layer 4 side is suppressed by the connecting unit constituting layer 5 (mainly the concrete layer 9), it is discharged to the outside of the surface layer 1A by each drainage pipe 24. In the present embodiment, considering the growth of the plant 23 in the surface side gap space 21 described above, drainage by the water distribution pipe 24 is supplied to the surface side gap space 21 by the planned installation of the water distribution pipe 24. It is supposed to be.

The upper end surface of the front Symbol connection unit configured layer 5 and the back-filling material layer 4, as shown in FIG. 1, the top end concrete layer 25 is provided. The top end concrete layer 25 covers the uppermost connecting unit constituting layer 5 and the backfill material layer 4 from above, and secures the top end surface (upper surface).
In addition, about the lower side of 1 A of surface layers, it is supposed to be backfilled after construction.

Therefore, in such a revetment 1, not only can a strong revetment function be ensured by the surface layer 1A and the concrete layer 9 formed by the front natural stone 10, but each front natural stone 10 and each rear natural stone 11 have Since the rear natural stone 11 is engaged with the concrete layer 9 so as to sandwich the concrete layer 9 back and forth, each front natural stone 10 can be restricted from moving forward, The necessity (configuration) of embedding more than half of the volume of each front natural stone 10 in the concrete layer 9 for forward movement restriction can be eliminated. Thereby, the protrusion amount of each front natural stone 10 from the surface of the concrete layer 9 can be increased, and each front side clearance space (joint) 21 formed by the adjacent front natural stones 10 can be secured in a deep state. The utility value can be increased by using the surface side gap space 21 as an animal and plant habitat growth space or the like. As a result, the revetment 1 can be harmonized with the surrounding environment. Of course, in this case, since the front surface side clearance spaces (joints) 21 formed by the adjacent front natural stones 10 can be secured in a deep state, the shading can be enhanced and harmonized with the surrounding natural scenery.

Further, the revetment 1 has each rear natural stone 11 integrated with the concrete layer 9, and the entire exposed outer surface of each rear natural stone 11 is engaged with the backfill material layer 4. Friction resistance between the layers (partition layer 14, concrete layer 9 and surface layer 1A) in front of each rear natural stone 11 and the surface of the backfill material layer 4 based on the uneven surface formed by the exposed outer surface of the natural stone 11 (Shear resistance) can be increased and the stability of the revetment 1 can be increased.

Furthermore, since the backfilling material layer 4 having water permeability and the surface layer 1A formed by the plurality of front natural stones 10 are communicated with each other through the drain pipe 24, the backfilling material layer 4 side is provided by the concrete layer 9. Although it becomes difficult to drain water from the surface layer side 1A, the drainage can be systematically discharged through the drainage pipe 24 to a predetermined external location. And since the wastewater is supplied to the plant in the surface side clearance space 21, the wastewater can be used effectively for promoting the growth of the plant.

Such a revetment 11 is constructed (constructed) according to the process chart shown in FIG.
First, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the cut surface 2 and the installation surface 3 are formed, and then the foundation concrete block 6 is formed over the entire construction section of the revetment 1 on the installation surface 3, Side walls 7 (see FIG. 16) are formed on both sides of the foundation concrete block 6 in the extending direction.

 Next, a plurality of the connecting units 8A are prepared, and the plurality of connecting units 8A are used to form the first row of connecting units 8A as shown in FIG. 13, FIG. 15, and FIG. It arrange | positions on the support surface 6a. At this time, each connection unit 8A in the first stage is arranged such that the front natural stone 10 is on the front side with respect to the rear natural stone 11, and between the adjacent left and right rear natural stones 11 of each connection unit 8A. Between the natural stone 11 on the rear side and the foundation concrete block 6 and the like, a filling stone 13 is packed as a filling material. As a result, the position and height of the rear natural stone 11 of each connecting unit 8A are adjusted, and each connecting unit 8A is installed at a predetermined position on the foundation concrete block 6 in a predetermined inclined posture.

 When the installation of the first row of connecting units 8A is finished, the rear side of the connecting unit 8A is inserted between the first connecting unit 8A row and the cut surface 2 as shown in FIGS. Using the natural stone 11 and the interstitial stone 13 as the back formwork, the backfilling material is introduced up to the height of the rear natural stone 11. Hereinafter, similarly, the second and third connection units 8A are stacked on the first connection unit 8A, and the height of the rear natural stone 11 at each stage is increased for each operation. In order to adjust the thickness, the filling stones 13 are packed between the natural stones 11 on the back side of each stage, and a backfilling material is put on the back side of the natural stones 11 on the back side of each stage.

 For the stacking operation of the connecting unit 8A, a lifting machine 27 such as a backhoe, a lifting tool 28, and the like are used. Specifically, after a plurality of (about 10) connecting units 8A are once transported to predetermined locations on the installation surface 3 using a lifting transport tool (not shown), one of them is shown in FIG. The two connecting units 8A are held by a lifting tool (civil lifting tool) 28, the lifting tool 28 is lifted again by a lifting machine 27 via a wire 29, and the lifting connection unit 8A is being assisted by an operator. It will be lowered to the stacking place.

 As the hanging tool 28, one having a function of supporting the connecting unit 8A so that the anchor 12 is in a substantially horizontal state is used so that the stacking operation of the connecting unit 8A can be performed accurately and easily. For this reason, as shown in FIGS. 17 to 19, the hanger 28 basically includes a cylindrical portion 30 as a cylindrical portion, and a plate-shaped fixed width connecting portion 31 attached to the cylindrical portion 30. , Is provided.

 The cylindrical portion 30 has a length that is slightly shorter than that between the flange portions 15 of the anchor 12 in the coupling unit 8A. A slit-like opening 32 is formed over the entire length. The width of the slit-like opening 32 of the cylindrical portion 30 is slightly wider than the diameter of the anchor 12 of the connecting unit 8A, and the anchor 12 of the connecting unit 8A can be inserted into the cylindrical portion 30 through the opening 32. It has become.

 The connecting portion 31 includes a base portion (lower portion) 33 and an inclined portion (upper portion) 34 extending continuously from the base portion 33. The base portion 33 is attached to the upper part of the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 30 at a substantially central position in the extending direction of the cylindrical portion 30, and the base portion 33 has its width direction directed toward the axial center extending direction of the cylindrical portion 30. It extends upward. The inclined portion 34 is inclined so as to extend toward one side of the axial extension direction of the cylindrical portion 30 as it goes upward, and a plurality of connecting holes 35 are formed in the inclined portion 34 at predetermined intervals in the extending direction. Is formed. The plurality of connection holes 35 are to be connection points of the lifting machine 27 (wire 29), and any one of the connection holes 35 includes the front natural stone 10 and the rear natural stone 11 of the connection unit 8A. Considering the weight (large and small) (considering the position of the center of gravity), the wire 29 is appropriately connected via a hook or the like (not shown). In FIG. 18, reference numeral 45 denotes a reinforcing member.

When the connecting unit 8A is lifted using such a hanging tool 28, the anchor 12 of the connecting unit 8A is connected to the front natural stone 10 (the side with the larger diameter) on the side where the inclined portion 34 is inclined (the cylindrical portion 30). It is inserted into the cylindrical portion 30 from the slit-shaped opening 32 while facing the one side in the axial direction. And the thing located in the approximate gravity center position of 8 A of connection units in the axial center extension direction of the cylindrical part 30 is selected from the some connection holes 35, the wire 29 is connected to the connection hole 35, and the hanging tool 28 is attached. Lifted by a lifting machine 27. As a result, the connecting unit 8A has the anchor 12 supported by the cylindrical portion 30 (lower portion), and in the axial extension direction of the cylindrical portion 30 due to the contact relationship between the flange portion 15 and the end face of the cylindrical portion 30. Movement is restricted. At this time, the connection unit 8A (anchor 12) is in a substantially horizontal state by adjusting the position of the wire 29 by selecting the connection hole 35 described above.
In addition, while the connecting unit 8A is being lifted by the lifting tool 28, the anchor 12 can be easily rotated relative to the cylindrical portion 30 around its axis. For this reason, the direction (posture) of the front natural stone 10 can be made preferable as a state when the connecting unit 8A is installed during lifting, and the state of the state adjusted at the time of lifting when the connecting unit 8A is installed. The connecting unit 8A can be taken down as it is.
As a result, the stack installation work (unloading work) of the connecting unit 8A can be performed accurately and easily, and the stack installation work can be improved.

 In the hanging tool 28 according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 17 to 19, an outer cylinder member 41 is fitted to the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion 30 so as to be relatively rotatable over the entire length thereof. A slit-shaped opening 42 is also formed in the side portion of the outer cylinder member 41 over the entire length in the axial center extending direction. The slit-shaped opening 42 is substantially the same as the slit-shaped opening 32 of the cylindrical portion 30. The same opening. Further, a guide hole 43 extending from the slit-like opening 42 while maintaining a constant width in the circumferential direction is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the outer cylinder member 41, and the base portion of the coupling portion 31 is formed in the guide hole 43. The portion 33 is penetrated upward while being guided. Further, a rod-shaped weight 44 is attached to the outer cylinder member 41 so as to cross the guide hole 43 on the opening 42 side of the outer cylinder member 41 with respect to the connecting portion 31. Based on this, when the external cylinder member 41 is rotated relative to the cylindrical portion 30 by applying an external force and the weight 44 is brought into contact with the base portion 33 of the connecting portion 31, a slit-like opening of the cylindrical portion 30 is obtained. 32 and the slit-shaped opening 42 of the outer cylinder member 41 overlap each other. On the other hand, when the external force is released from this state, the outer cylinder member 41 is rotated relative to the cylindrical portion 30 by the weight 44. The outer cylinder member 41 (both side portions of the guide hole 43 in the width direction) closes the slit-like opening 32 of the cylindrical portion 30.

For this reason, when the anchor 12 of the connecting unit 8A is held on the hanging tool 12, the outer cylinder member 41 is rotated relative to the cylindrical portion 30 by an external force applied by the operator, and the slit-like opening of the cylindrical portion 30 32 and the slit-like opening 42 of the outer cylinder member 41 need to overlap, but this is easily obtained based on the contact between the base portion 33 of the connecting portion 31 and the weight 44. be able to. Further, when an external force is not applied to the outer cylinder member 41 such as when the lifting tool 28 is lifted and transported, the outer cylinder member 41 (side portions in the width direction of the guide hole 43) is formed in a slit shape of the cylindrical portion 30 based on the weight 44. Therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent the connecting unit 8A from falling off the hanging tool 28.

Further, in the present embodiment, in order to reduce the work burden on the operator, as shown in FIG. 15, the vertical movement load in the state where the connecting unit 8 </ b> A is lifted between the lifting machine 27 and the lifting tool 28. A load reducing device (commonly called spring balancer) 36 is interposed. The load reducing device 36 has a function of moving the connecting unit 8A up and down with a load smaller than the original load by using a spring (spring spring, coil spring) or the like. Based on this function, the burden on the operator is reduced, and the stacking operation of the connecting unit 8A can be performed accurately.

 Return the explanation to the construction process. When the stacking of the connecting unit 8A row and the introduction of the backfilling material are completed up to the third stage, as shown in FIG. 20, palm fibers are formed in the surface side gap space (joint) 21 formed by the adjacent front natural stones 10 as shown in FIG. Pack stuffing 37 such as cloth. This is to reliably prevent the concrete to be filled (injected) in the subsequent process from leaking to the surface side of the surface layer 1A.

When the padding 37 has been filled in each surface-side gap space 21 of the surface layer 1A, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 20, the surface layer 1A (stacked front-side natural Concrete is poured (placed) between the stone 10) and the partition layer 14 (the stacked rear natural stone 11 and the interstitial stone 13). In the range up to the third level, a concrete layer 9 is formed between the surface layer 1A and the partition layer 14, and the back side natural stone 11 of each connecting unit 8A is engaged with the concrete layer 9 so that each connecting unit is engaged. This is to prevent the front natural stone 10 of 8A from dropping off forward. Of course, in this case, the surface layer 1A, the concrete layer 9, and the partition layer 14 are integrated to form the connecting unit constituting layer 5, and the strong revetment 1 function is exhibited.
At this time, on the surface side of the surface layer 1A, since the padding 37 is formed in the surface side gap space 21 of the surface layer 1A in the previous step, it is suppressed that the concrete leaks into each surface side gap space 21. Each of the front surface side clearance spaces 21 is maintained in a deep state from the surface.
At this time, air is taken into the concrete as the concrete is injected, and as shown in FIG. 20, the air bubbles are not limited to the upper side on the concrete injection side, but also between the gaps of the partition layers 14 (each It escapes to the backfilling material layer 4 having air permeability through the rear natural stone 11 of the connecting unit 8A, the gap between the rear natural stone 11 and the interstitial stone 13). In particular, after the concrete is poured, bubbles in the concrete can be effectively discharged by using a vibrator.

When the concrete injection into the third-stage connecting unit 8A row is completed in this way, a series of processes (three-stage stacking and back-up of the connecting unit 8A) have been carried out from the third-stage connecting unit 8A row. Repeat the material injection, concrete injection, etc.) again. This is to make the revetment 1 have a predetermined height while taking into account the stability of the stacking of the connecting units 8A. When the stacked height of the connecting unit 8A reaches a predetermined height by the above operation, the top concrete layer 9 is formed on the upper surface and the lower front side of the revetment 1 is backfilled. Then, the padding 37 is removed from each surface-side gap space 21, and the surface-side gap space 21 is appropriately filled with soil (preferably soil containing plants). Thereby, the construction work of the revetment 1 is completed.

Therefore, by using such a construction method, the aforementioned revetment 1 can be constructed accurately. In the present embodiment, the filling 37 is filled in each surface-side gap space (joint) 21 in the surface layer 1A before the concrete is filled, so that the concrete will go out through the gaps between the adjacent natural stones 10 adjacent to each other. Can be reliably regulated by the padding 37, and by removing each padding 37, each surface side gap space 21 of the adjacent front natural stone 10 can be used as a habitat growth space for animals and plants, etc. It can be formed deep. In particular, the plant growth can be promoted at locations where each surface-side gap space 21 is filled with soil (earth).

Moreover, when constructing the three stages of the revetment 1, the surface layer 1A and the partition layer 14 are used as a formwork, and only one work of filling the concrete between them is sufficient. For each stage, Neither the filling of concrete nor the work of embedding more than half of the volume of the front natural stone 10 in the concrete is required. For this reason, the work load can be reduced and the construction time can be shortened.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the backfill material layer 4 having air permeability is formed adjacent to the back side of the partition layer 14 before filling with concrete, the partition layer 14 (rear side natural Not only can the stone 11 and the interstitial stone 13) be used (used as a back formwork) to support the backfilling material layer 4 (introduction of the backfilling material), but when filling the concrete, It can escape not only to the backfilling material input side) but also to the backfilling material layer 4 through the gaps between the natural stones 11 and the interstice stones 13, and air bubbles (air) are taken into the concrete (concrete layer). Can be further suppressed.

In addition, in this case, the rear natural stones 11 and the like (compartment layer 14) of the three-stage connecting unit also serve as the back formwork, and it is unnecessary to install and remove the back formwork for each stage. For this reason, also when forming the backfilling material layer 4 in the back side of the division layer 14, work burden can be reduced and construction time can be shortened.

21 and 22 show the second embodiment, FIGS. 23 to 27 show the third embodiment, and FIGS. 28 to 32 show the fourth embodiment. In each of the embodiments, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

In the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, a plurality of hanging tools 28 according to the first embodiment are lifted by using a supporting member 51 and a plurality of wires 52 as the hanging tool unit 50. This is shown. That is, in the lifting device unit 50, the long support member 51 is lifted in a substantially horizontal state via the wire 29 by the lifting machine 27, and a plurality of wires 52 are connected to the support member 51 at one end thereof. ing. The other ends of the wires 52 are suspended with an equal length, and the other end portions of the wires 52 are connected to the suspenders 28 (connecting portions 31) via hooks or the like (not shown). For this reason, as shown in FIG. 21, a plurality of connecting units 8A can be lifted using a plurality of lifting tools 28, and the direction (posture) of the front natural stone 10 of each connecting unit 8A is being lifted. Furthermore, after adjusting to a preferable state at the time of installation of each connecting unit 8A, the plurality of connecting units 8A can be lowered at a time as shown in FIG. Thereby, workability | operativity at the time of installation of the connection unit 8A can be improved.

The third embodiment shown in FIGS. 23 to 27 shows a modification of the second embodiment. In the third embodiment, the support member 51 is lifted in a horizontal state by the lifting machine 27, and each lifting tool 28 is connected by wires 52 having different lengths. In this case, each wire 52 is longer on the other side in the longitudinal direction (right side in FIG. 23) than on the one side in the longitudinal direction of support member 51 (left side in FIG. 23). 28 is set such that the distance from the one side in the longitudinal direction of the support member 51 to the other side becomes the lower position. For this reason, after hold | maintaining and lifting the connection unit 8A to all the hanging tools 28, the connection unit 8A is turned in order toward the other side from the other side of the support member 51, as shown in FIGS. It can be lowered one by one, and the installation and stacking work when installing the connecting unit 8A can be performed accurately. In this case, the hanger 28 and the wire 52 with the connecting unit 8A lowered are hooked in a folded state on a hook (not shown) of the support member 51 so as not to interfere with the next stacking operation (FIGS. 24 to 24). (See FIG. 27).

The fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 28 to 32 shows a modification of the third embodiment. In the fourth embodiment, by adjusting the connecting point P of the wire 29 with respect to the connecting wire 53 connecting the both ends of the support member 51, the other side (right side in FIG. 28) of the support member 51 becomes one of them. It is set to be lower than the side (left side in FIG. 28) (inclined arrangement). For this reason, also in this 4th Embodiment, after hold | maintaining and lifting the connection unit 8A to all the suspension tools 28, the connection unit 8A is made into the other side of the support member 51, as shown in FIGS. Can be lowered one by one in order from one side to the other side, but with this, the support member 51 is inclined to the opposite side through a horizontal state (FIG. 30), and the inclination of the support member 51 is In the period from the start to the end of the lowering operation of the connecting unit 8A, it is possible to suppress the vicinity of the horizontal state. For this reason, it is possible to stabilize the lifted state of the support member 51 during installation and stacking work when the connection unit 8A is installed.
In this case, the interval between the adjacent hanging tools 28 and the height difference are set so as not to obstruct the installation and stacking operations of the connecting unit 8A. Of course, also in this case, the hanger 28 and the wire 52 with the connecting unit 8A lowered are hooked in a state of being folded on a hook (not shown) of the support member 51 so as not to disturb the next stacking operation (see FIG. 29-FIG. 32).

Although the embodiment has been described above, the present invention includes the following aspects.
(1) In addition to natural stones, pseudo stones, concrete blocks, etc. should be used as massive members and retaining members.
(2) Apply the present invention not only to the revetment 1 but also to retaining walls.
(3) The partition layer 14 is configured by stacking only the rear natural stone 11 as a retaining member.
(4) The filling of the concrete is not limited to every three stages of the connecting unit 8A, but is performed after stacking at every appropriate stage.
(5) As a connecting unit (unit for civil engineering structure) 8A that is lifted and transported by the hanging tool 28, a lump member is a stone (including pseudo stone), a concrete block or the like, and a holding member is a stopper panel or the like.
(6) Before filling the concrete, each surface-side gap space 21 is filled with soil (earth: preferably containing plant seeds) as a filling 37. Thereby, not only can concrete be surely prevented from leaking to the outside during filling of the concrete, but also the soil as the filling 37 can be used for promoting the growth of plants even after the filling of concrete. In addition, in this case, it is not necessary to remove the soil as the filling 37 after filling the concrete, and the construction process can be simplified.

 It is to be noted that the object of the present invention is not limited to what is explicitly described, but also implicitly includes providing what is substantially preferable or corresponding to what is described as an advantage.

The longitudinal section explaining the revetment concerning a 1st embodiment. The expanded longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the lower part of the revetment which concerns on 1st Embodiment. Explanatory drawing explaining the connection unit which concerns on 1st Embodiment. Explanatory drawing explaining the manufacturing process of the connection unit which concerns on 1st Embodiment. Explanatory drawing explaining the manufacturing process following FIG. Explanatory drawing explaining the manufacturing process following FIG. Explanatory drawing explaining the manufacturing process following FIG. Explanatory drawing explaining the manufacturing process following FIG. Explanatory drawing explaining the manufacturing process following FIG. Explanatory drawing explaining the manufacturing process of the connection unit which concerns on another embodiment. The figure explaining the content in FIG. 10 planarly. The partial expanded longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the revetment which concerns on 1st Embodiment. Process drawing explaining the construction process of the revetment which concerns on 1st Embodiment. Explanatory drawing explaining the construction process of the revetment which concerns on 1st Embodiment. Explanatory drawing explaining the stacking | stacking operation | work of the connection unit which concerns on 1st Embodiment. The perspective view which shows the installation state of the row | line | column of the 1st step | paragraph connection unit. The perspective view which shows the lifting state of the connection unit by the hanging tool which concerns on 1st Embodiment. The rear view which shows the back surface of the hanging tool which concerns on 1st Embodiment. The left view of FIG. Explanatory drawing explaining injection | pouring of concrete to the connection unit stacked, and discharge | emission of air. Explanatory drawing which shows the hanging tool unit which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. Explanatory drawing explaining the process of the continuation of FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the hanging tool unit which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. Explanatory drawing explaining the process of the continuation of FIG. Explanatory drawing explaining the process of the continuation of FIG. Explanatory drawing explaining the process of the continuation of FIG. Explanatory drawing explaining the process of the continuation of FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the hanging tool unit which concerns on 4th Embodiment. FIG. 29 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a process subsequent to FIG. 28. Explanatory drawing explaining the process of the continuation of FIG. Explanatory drawing explaining the process of the continuation of FIG. Explanatory drawing explaining the process of the continuation of FIG.

1 Seawall (Civil engineering structure)
1A Surface layer 4 Backfill material layer 8A Connection unit (unit for civil engineering structure)
9 Concrete layer 10 Front natural stone (bulk member)
11 Rear natural stone (holding member)
12 Shaft-shaped member (anchor)
13 Filling stone (filling material)
14 Partition layers 16 Liquid adhesive (hot melt)
21 Surface side clearance space 22 Soil 23 Plant 24 Water distribution pipe 27 Lifting machine 28 Hanging tool 37 Stuffing

Claims (8)

In a civil engineering structure in which a concrete layer is laid on an inclined construction surface, and a plurality of massive members are exposed as surface layers on the concrete layer and held in a stacked state.
To each of the massive members, a bulky holding member is connected via a shaft-like member on the back side of each massive member,
Each of the massive members and each of the holding members are arranged so as to sandwich the concrete layer back and forth ,
The entire exposed outer surface of each holding member is engaged with the construction surface,
The surface of the construction surface is formed by a backfilling material layer having water permeability,
The outside of the surface layer formed by the plurality of massive members and the backfill material layer are communicated with each other via a drain pipe.
Civil engineering structure characterized by that. In a construction method of a civil engineering structure, a concrete layer is laid on an inclined construction surface, and a plurality of massive members are exposed as surface layers on the concrete layer and are held in a stacked state.
As a connection unit, prepare a plurality of block members connected to a block member via a shaft member,
The connecting units are stacked in a plurality of stages on the front side of the construction surface so that the block members of the connection units are arranged in front of the holding members, and the surface layer is formed by the block members of the connection units. And forming a partition layer by the holding member of each connecting unit,
After this, concrete is filled between the surface layer and the partition layer ,
Before filling the concrete, adjacent to the back side of the partition layer, to form a backfill material layer having air permeability,
The construction method of the civil engineering structure characterized by this. In claim 2 ,
Before filling the concrete, stuffing into the surface side gap space formed by the adjacent massive members in the surface layer,
After filling the concrete, remove the padding from the surface side gap space,
The construction method of the civil engineering structure characterized by this. In claim 3 ,
The construction method of the civil engineering structure characterized by filling the surface side clearance space from which the padding has been removed with earth. In claim 2 ,
A construction method for a civil engineering structure, characterized in that, as the shaft-shaped member of the connection unit, one having rigidity that does not bend even when the connection unit is lifted by the shaft-shaped member is used. In claim 5 ,
When stacking the connecting units, a lifting tool that is lifted by a lifting machine and removably supports the connecting unit is used.
When the hanging tool supports the connecting unit, the hanging tool rotatably supports the shaft-like member of the connecting unit.
The construction method of the civil engineering structure characterized by this. In claim 2 ,
As a holding member of the connection unit, use a member having a smaller diameter than the block member of the connection unit,
When stacking each of the connecting units, interposing a filler between adjacent holding members,
The construction method of the civil engineering structure characterized by this. In claim 2 ,
A construction method for a civil engineering structure, wherein a series of steps including stacking the plurality of connecting units and filling the concrete is repeated a plurality of times.

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