JP2012057349A - Civil engineering structure, construction method of civil engineering structure, and civil engineering structure unit - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a civil engineering structure, which can create a favorable environment for plants and creatures.SOLUTION: In a back-fill material layer of a revetment, a cavity 9 formed among engaged back-fill materials 8 is filled with a water-retaining material 15. The water-retaining material 15 retains rainwater, spring water, or the like to function as a water supply source for plants and creatures. When hot, the ambient environment temperature is reduced with the large latent heat of evaporation of water from the water-retaining material 15. Direct engagements among the back-fill materials 8 are not obstructed by filling the cavity 9 formed among the already engaged back-fill materials 8 with the water-retaining material 15, so that the substantially firmly integrated back-fill material layer is maintained.

Description

  The present invention relates to a civil engineering structure, a civil engineering construction method, and a civil engineering unit.

Some civil engineering structures are provided with a stuffing material layer (layer of crushed stone, crushed stone, etc.) in which the stuffing materials mesh with each other (integrated) on the construction surface. For example, in Patent Document 1, the stuffing material layer is brought close to the construction surface using the entire weight of the stuffing material layer, and a plurality of surface materials are attached to the stuffing material layer via anchors, respectively. A surface material layer formed on the surface side is shown. Patent Document 2 prepares a plurality of materials in which a mat-like housing formed using a mesh body is filled with a filling material and a plurality of surface materials are attached to the upper mesh body of the housing. Is formed on the construction surface to form a stuffing material layer and a surface material layer arranged on the upper side.
In such a thing, it is possible to harmonize with the surrounding environment by using natural stone, artificial stone, etc. as the surface material, and from the construction surface side (ground side) based on the water permeability of the stuffing material layer and the surface material layer. It is possible to drain the spring water etc. to the outside and maintain the civil engineering structure in a strong state.

Japanese Patent No. 2983207 Japanese Patent No. 4443743

  However, although the civil engineering structure as described above can maintain a strong state, the water permeability of the stuffing material layer tends to be too good, and the stuffing material layer hardly retains water therein. For this reason, it is not preferable as a habitat environment for plants and organisms from the viewpoint of water supply, environmental temperature, and the like.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a first technical problem thereof is to provide a civil engineering structure capable of creating a favorable environment for plants and organisms.
A second technical problem is to provide a construction method of a civil engineering structure for constructing the civil engineering structure.
A third technical problem is to provide a civil engineering structure unit used for the civil engineering structure.

In order to achieve the first technical problem, the present invention (the invention according to claim 1)
In the civil engineering structure in which the stuffing material layer in which the stuffing material meshes with each other is provided on the construction surface,
The stuffing material of the stuffing material layer forms voids by meshing with each other,
A water-retaining material capable of retaining water is placed in each of the gaps. Preferred embodiments of the first aspect are as described in the second to sixth aspects.

In order to achieve the second technical problem, the present invention (the invention according to claim 7),
In the construction method of the civil engineering structure, adjacent to the construction surface, the filling material forms a filling material layer meshed with each other, and a gap is formed by the meshed filling material.
After the stuffing material layer is formed, a water retention material capable of retaining water is put into the gap. Preferred embodiments of the seventh aspect are as described in the eighth to ninth aspects.

In order to achieve the third technical problem, in the present invention (the invention according to claim 10),
In a civil engineering structure unit in which a stuffing material is filled in a casing formed using a net-like body,
A water-retaining material capable of retaining water enters a gap created by the filling material in the housing.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the water retention material is placed in the gap formed by the meshed packing materials, the water retention material retains rainwater, spring water, etc. It becomes a water supply source and can supply water to plants and organisms appropriately. In addition, when it is hot, it is possible to lower the air temperature of the surrounding environment by using a large latent heat based on the evaporation of water retained by the water retaining material. Therefore, the civil engineering structure can create a favorable environment for plants and organisms.
In addition, since the water-retaining material is placed in the gap formed by the already-filled stuffing materials, the water-retaining material enters the stuffing material layer, thereby inhibiting direct meshing between the stuffing materials. No matter whether the water-retaining material is water-retained or not, the stuffing material layer can be made into a substantially strong integrated product. For this reason, the civil engineering structure can be maintained in a solid state.
Furthermore, since the inside of the space formed by the meshed packing materials is used as a holding space for the water-retaining material, the space formed by the packing materials can be used effectively.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the expansion inhibiting substance that suppresses the volume expansion even if the water is retained is used as the water retaining material, the state of engagement between the stuffing materials accompanying the water retention of the water retaining material can be reduced. The influence (influence based on expansion) can be remarkably reduced, and the civil engineering structure can be maintained in a strong state over a long period of time even when the stuffing material layer includes a water retention material.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the expansion inhibiting substance is a porous piece, water can be specifically retained using the porous property of the porous piece.

  According to the invention according to claim 4, since the water-retaining material is put in the space leaving an unfilled space, even if the water-retaining material retains water and its volume expands, its volume Expansion can be absorbed by the unfilled space. For this reason, even if the volume expansion | swelling based on the water retention of a water retention material arises, it can prevent affecting the meshing state of packing materials, and can prevent the fall of the intensity | strength of a packing material layer and by extension, the said civil engineering structure.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the amount of the water-retaining material that the stuffing material layer holds is that the stuffing material layer satisfies the water permeability of a predetermined level or more, a large number formed by the stuffing material meshing with each other. In addition to holding the water-retaining material, drainage such as spring water and osmotic water from the construction surface side (the ground side) can be performed without specially providing a drain pipe.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 6, since the several surface material is arrange | positioned at the surface side of the stuffing material layer, while being able to harmonize with the surroundings from surfaces, such as a landscape, with the several surface material It is possible to prevent the stuffing material from flowing out of the stuffing material layer.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 7, after forming the stuffing material layer with which the stuffing material mutually meshed | engaged adjacent to the construction surface, it inserts a water retention material in the space | gap formed with the meshed stuffing material. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the water retaining material from being interposed between the filling materials to be engaged with each other as the water retaining material is inserted into the gap, and to ensure direct engagement between the filling materials. For this reason, even if a water retention material retains water, substantial integration of the stuffing material layer can be secured, and the civil engineering structure can be firmly maintained over a long period of time.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 8, a civil engineering structure arrange | positions in order toward the direction spaced apart from a construction surface with the packing material layer and the surface material layer on which the surface material was piled up with respect to the construction surface which inclines. Assuming that each surface material of the surface material layer is attached to the stuffing material layer via an anchor, when stacking the surface material, the surface material is separated from the construction surface while a predetermined number Each time the specified number of surface materials are stacked, the upper surface of the uppermost surface material is approximately the height of the uppermost surface material among the specified number of surface materials and the construction surface. Filled with stuffing material, each anchor of a predetermined number of surface materials is embedded in the stuffing material, and each time after filling of the stuffing material for each anchor of a predetermined number of surface materials, in the gap created by the stuffing materials Insert water retentive material From (without interposing between the packed material to each other to mate) without inhibiting the engagement of direct between packed material can interleaving accurately water retention material throughout packed material layer (the gaps). For this reason, as a civil engineering structure, a stuffing material layer and a surface material layer are arranged in order on an inclined construction surface, and each surface material of the surface material layer is attached to the stuffing material layer via an anchor, respectively. Even in this case, it is possible to create a favorable environment for plants and organisms based on the water retention material.

  According to the invention according to claim 9, on the premise that the civil engineering structure is a plurality of civil engineering structure units arranged on the construction surface that are filled with a filling material in a casing formed using a net-like body. As a civil engineering structure unit, after filling each housing with a filling material, a structure in which a water-retaining material is inserted into a gap created by the filling materials in the housing is used. Even if a plurality of civil engineering construction units that are filled with filling material in a housing formed by using them are arranged on the construction surface, it is possible to easily create a favorable environment for plants and organisms based on water retention materials. .

  According to the invention of claim 10, the civil engineering structure unit can hold water in the gap formed by the stuffing material in the housing, in which the stuffing material is filled in the housing formed using the net-like body. Therefore, the civil engineering structure according to claim 1 can be specifically constructed by arranging the civil engineering unit on the construction surface. For this reason, the civil engineering structure unit used for the civil engineering structure which concerns on Claim 1 can be provided.

The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the revetment (civil engineering structure) which concerns on 1st Embodiment. The expanded explanatory view which shows the state of the backfilling material in FIG. Explanatory drawing explaining the construction process of the civil engineering structure which concerns on 1st Embodiment. Explanatory drawing explaining the process of the continuation of FIG. Explanatory drawing explaining the process of the continuation of FIG. Explanatory drawing explaining the process of the continuation of FIG. The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the revetment (civil engineering structure) which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. The top view which shows the unit for civil engineering structures used for the civil engineering structure which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. The partial cross section front view which shows the unit for civil engineering structures which concerns on 2nd Embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In 1st Embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the code | symbol 1 has shown the bank protection as a civil engineering structure which faces the river 2. FIG. The revetment 1 has a slope 3 (construction plane) that is inclined to extend upward from the river 2 side (left side in FIG. 1) toward the land side, and a river 2 side from the lower end position of the slope 3. An installation surface 4 (construction surface) extending toward the surface is provided, and a foundation concrete block 5 is disposed at the tip of the installation surface 4 so as to extend in the flow direction of the river 2 water (perpendicular to the paper surface).

  On the slope surface 3 and the installation surface 4, as shown in FIG. The suck-out preventing material 6 has a function of preventing runoff of earth and sand while ensuring water permeability and air permeability. In order to exert the function, the suck-out preventing material 6 is, for example, a long fiber such as polyester. Nonwoven fabric or the like is used.

  On the surface side of the slope 3 (on the left side in FIG. 1), a backfilling material layer 7 as a stuffing material layer is provided via the suction preventing material 6. The backfill material layer 7 extends along the slope 3 and extends upward. The lower end portion of the backfill material layer 7 is supported by the installation surface 4. The backfill material layer 7 is in a state in which the backfill material 8 as a filling material is engaged with each other, and the backfill material layer 7 is substantially integrated by this engagement. For this reason, the backfilling material layer 7 leans against the slope 3 in a substantially integrated state.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a large number of voids 9 are formed in the backfill material layer 7 under the engagement of the backfill materials 8. In this embodiment, the porosity (weight basis) of the void 9 in the backfill material layer 7 is about 30% (up to about 40% at the upper limit) in consideration of the strength. Therefore, as the backfilling material 8, a cracked stone having a diameter of about 50 to 150 mm is used. Such voids 9 communicate with each other, and the backfill material layer 7 has water permeability.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a surface material layer 10 is provided on the surface side of the backfill material layer 7. In the surface material layer 10, natural stones 11 (surface material) are stacked from the foundation concrete block 5 while being inclined (a plurality of natural stones are arranged in parallel in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 1 for each step). As the natural stone 11, boulders, crushed stones and the like (illustrated in FIG. 1 for simplification) of about 500 mm to 700 mm (preferably about 600 mm) are used.

  As shown in FIG. 1, each natural stone 11 is attached to the backfill material layer 7 via an anchor 12. The anchor 12 is basically made of a wire, and one end thereof is attached to the natural stone 11 as an attachment end to the natural stone 11, and the other end faces the inside of the backfill material layer 7 toward the slope 3 side. Extending substantially horizontally. The other end of the anchor 12 has a stopper panel 13 and a retaining portion 14 for retaining the stopper panel 13, and the stopper panel 13 and the backing material 8 for the backing material layer 7. The natural stone 11 is prevented from dropping forward by the engagement with.

As shown in FIG. 2, a water retention material 15 capable of retaining water is placed in each gap 9 of the backfill material layer 7. Various materials can be used as the water retaining material 15. For example, an expansion inhibiting substance (for example, a porous ceramic material (more specifically, waste tile, etc.) in which volume expansion is suppressed (including non-expanded, substantially regarded as not expanding) even when water is retained. ), Water-retaining porous bricks (pieces), lava, pumice, porous concrete pieces, etc.), water-absorbing polymer resins, naturally derived materials (eg, those extracted from seaweed, wood chips, etc.), soil, clay alone A material obtained by mixing a water-absorbing polymer with soil, viscosity, or the like is appropriately used. In this case, when an expansion inhibiting substance is used as the water retaining material 15, the influence on the meshing state of the backfill material 8 can be remarkably reduced, so that a relatively large amount can be put in each gap 9. On the other hand, when the water-retaining material 15 expands due to water retention, each of the gaps 9 is compared with the case of an expansion-inhibiting substance so that the expansion does not affect the meshing state between the backfilling materials 8. Large unfilled space is secured. Of course, in any of these cases, in this embodiment, the backfill material layer 7 is basically set to have a predetermined water permeability.
In addition, the size and form of the water-retaining material 15 are determined in consideration of the ease of entering the gap 9 formed by the backfilling materials 8 and the difficulty of being washed away after entering. ing. Specifically, an appropriate form such as a particulate form, a hard piece form, or a sol-gel form is selected with a size that takes into account the diameter of the backfilling material 8 (the size of the void 9 and the like).

Therefore, in such a revetment 1, since the water retention material 15 is put in each void 9 in the backfill material layer 7, the water retention material 15 is retained by rain water, spring water, etc. Water supply source. For this reason, a favorable environment can be created as a habitat environment for plants and organisms. In addition, when it is hot, the water retained by the water retaining material 15 evaporates, and the air temperature in the surrounding environment is greatly lowered by the latent heat. For this reason, it is possible to create a comfortable environment for living organisms including humans.
On the other hand, even if the water retaining material 15 enters the backfilling material layer 7, the backfilling material layer 7 is configured in a state in which the backfilling material 8 is engaged with the backfilling material layer 7, and has a very large number of voids 9. In particular, water permeability is secured in the backfill material layer 7 (prevention of water pressure on the construction surface side). Moreover, since the water-retaining material 15 is placed in the gap 9 formed by the backfilling materials 8 that are already meshed with each other, the backfilling material to be meshed with the water-retaining material 15 entering the backfilling material layer 7. The water-retaining material 15 is not interposed between the eight, the direct engagement between the backfilling materials 8 is ensured, and the backfilling material layer 7 is handled as a substantially strong integrated body as before. be able to. Therefore, the revetment 1 can be maintained in a strong state.
In addition, in this case, it is more preferable to use an expansion inhibitor as the water retention material 15. Even if the water-retaining material 15 retains water, the water-retaining material 15 has little expansion (including non-expansion and expansion that is considered to be substantially unexpanded), and has little influence on the meshing between the backfilling materials 8. Because it can be done.

Such a revetment 1 is constructed as follows. In this construction, a civil construction unit 16 in which one end of the anchor 12 is attached to the natural stone 11 is used in consideration of workability and the like.
First, as shown in FIG. 3, the first-stage civil construction unit 16 is installed (exists in a state where a plurality of units are arranged in parallel in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface). In this case, after placing a back-filling material 8 (wariishi stone) on the installation surface 4 (sucking prevention material 6) to some extent, a first-stage civil engineering structure unit 16 is installed thereon, and the civil engineering structure unit 16 is provided. The natural stone 11 is placed on the foundation concrete block 5, and the anchor 12 is set to a substantially horizontal state while facing the slope 3 side. Then, in order to adjust the overall height to the height of the substantially uppermost surface of the natural stone 11, the backfilling material 8 is further introduced on the side where the anchor 12 is arranged, whereby the first-stage backfilling material layer 7a. Finish forming. At this time, the backfill material 8 is in contact with each other.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 4, the water retaining material 15 is introduced from the upper side of the first stage backfill material layer 7a, and the water retaining material 15 is formed by the backfill material 8 meshing with each other. Get in. In this case, the size of the water retention material 15 is determined in consideration of the entry of the water retention material 15 into the gap 9 and the like, and the water retention material 15 reaches the lower end side of the backfill material layer 7. In this embodiment, not all of the many voids 9 in the first-stage backfill material layer 7a are filled with the water-retaining material, and all the spaces of the voids 9 are filled with the water-retaining material 15. is not. Thereby, the desired water permeability is secured in the first-stage backfill material layer 7a. Further, in this case, since the water retention material 15 is introduced after the backfilling materials 8 are already engaged with each other, it is avoided that the water retention material 15 is interposed between the backfilling materials 8 to be engaged with each other. The direct engagement between the eight is maintained.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 5, the second-stage civil engineering structure unit 16 is installed. In this case, the natural stone 11 of the civil engineering unit 16 is stacked on the natural stone 11 of the first civil engineering unit 16 and the anchor 12 is in a substantially horizontal state toward the slope 3 side. . Thereafter, as in the previous case, in order to adjust the overall height to the height of the substantially uppermost surface of the natural stone 11, the backfill material 8 is further introduced on the arrangement side of the anchor 12, whereby the second stage backfilling is performed. The formation of the material layer 7b is completed.

Next, as shown in FIG. 6, the water retaining material 15 is introduced from the upper side of the second-stage backfilling material layer 7b, and the water retaining material 15 is formed by the backfilling material 8 meshing with each other. 9
Thereafter, the same process is repeated up to the uppermost stage, and after the upper end processing is finished, the operation is finished.

  Therefore, in the construction method of the civil engineering structure, the water-retaining material 15 is introduced into the back-filling material layer 7 in which the back-filling material 8 is already engaged, so that the water-retaining material 15 is interposed between the meshing back-filling materials 8. Therefore, a direct meshing state between the backfilling materials 8 can be ensured. For this reason, the backfilling material layer 7 can be made into a substantially integrated product, and its strength can be secured. Thereby, falling off of the natural stone 11 can be prevented reliably.

  7 to 9 show a second embodiment. In the second embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 7 to FIG. 9, the revetment 1 includes a number of civil engineering structure units 17 (so-called futons), a sagging portion construction surface 4, a slope portion construction surface 3, and a top end construction surface 20. It is comprised by arrange | positioning many on the (sucking prevention material 6) (refer FIG. 7). Each civil engineering structure unit 17 includes a case 18 formed by using a wire mesh as a net-like body, and a walnut stone 21 as a stuffing material is filled therein, and a plurality of natural wires are placed on the upper wire net 18 a of the case 18. A stone 22 (surface material) is attached. Moreover, the water retaining material 15 is placed in the gap 9 created by the split stones 21 in the housing 18.
For this reason, in the revetment 1, the split stones 21 in each housing 18 constitute a stuffing material layer, and the plurality of natural stones 22 of the upper wire net 18a in each housing 18 constitute a surface material layer. It will be. And also in this revetment 1, the natural stone 22 on the upper surface of each enclosure 18 is harmonized with the surrounding environment from the viewpoint of the landscape, etc., and the water retaining material 15 in each enclosure 18 retains the water, and the first implementation. Like form, it creates a favorable environment for organisms including plants and humans.
In FIG. 7, reference numeral 23 indicates a soil covering.

Although the embodiment has been described above, the present invention includes the following aspects.
(1) In addition to natural stones 11 and 22, use concrete blocks with various patterns such as pseudo stones and pseudo stone patterns.
(2) The present invention is not limited to the case where the revetment 1 in the river 2 is a target, but the present invention is applied to the revetment 1 in a lake or the sea.
(3) Civil engineering structures are not limited to revetments but include retaining walls.
(4) The water retaining material 15 is filled in the voids 9 so that the backfill material layer 7 does not have water permeability. In that case, in order to reduce the water pressure acting on the backfilling material layer 7, a drainage pipe penetrating the backfilling material layer 7 is provided, and the water on the slope 3 side is discharged to the outside by the drainage pipe. It is necessary to do.
(5) The backfill material 8 is not limited to cracked stone (50 mm to 150 mm), but crushed stone, concrete pieces, etc. having a size corresponding to that.

  It should be noted that the object of the present invention is not limited to what is explicitly described, but includes provision of what is substantially preferable or corresponding to what is described as an advantage.

1 Revetment 11 (Civil engineering structure)
2 Slope 3 (Construction surface)
4 Installation surface (construction surface)
7 Backfilling material layer (packing material layer)
8 Backfilling material (stuffing material)
9 Cavity 10 Surface material layer 11 Anchor 15 Water-retaining material 16 Civil engineering structure unit 17 Civil engineering structure unit 18 Body 21 Warrior stone (stuffing material, stuffing material layer)
22 Natural stone (surface material, surface material layer)

Claims (10)

In the civil engineering structure in which the stuffing material layer in which the stuffing material meshes with each other is provided on the construction surface,
The stuffing material of the stuffing material layer forms voids by meshing with each other,
In each of the voids, a water retention material capable of retaining water is placed.
Civil engineering structure characterized by that. In claim 1,
As the water retentive material, an expansion inhibitor that suppresses volume expansion even when water is retained is used.
Civil engineering structure characterized by that. In claim 2,
The expansion inhibitor is a porous piece;
Civil engineering structure characterized by that. In claim 1,
The water-retaining material is put in the gap leaving an unfilled space,
Civil engineering structure characterized by that. In claim 1,
The amount of the water-retaining material that the stuffing material layer holds is such that the stuffing material layer satisfies a predetermined water permeability or more.
Civil engineering structure characterized by that. In claim 1,
A plurality of surface materials are arranged on the surface side of the stuffing material layer,
Civil engineering structure characterized by that. In the construction method of the civil engineering structure, adjacent to the construction surface, the filling material forms a filling material layer meshed with each other, and a gap is formed by the meshed filling material.
After forming the stuffing material layer, a water retention material capable of retaining water is put into the gap,
The construction method of the civil engineering structure characterized by this. In claim 7,
With respect to the inclined construction surface, the civil engineering structure, the stuffing material layer and the surface material layer on which the surface material is stacked are sequentially arranged in a direction away from the construction surface, and the surface material layer Assuming that each surface material is attached to the stuffing material layer via an anchor,
When stacking the surface material, the surface material is piled up by a predetermined number while being separated from the construction surface, and each time the predetermined number of surface materials are stacked, the piled surface material and the construction material are stacked. Filling the filling material up to the substantially upper surface height of the uppermost surface material among the predetermined number of surface materials, and embedding each anchor of the predetermined number of surface materials with the filling material,
Moreover, each time after the filling material is filled with respect to each anchor of the predetermined number of surface materials, the water retention material is put into the gap created by the filling materials,
The construction method of the civil engineering structure characterized by this. In claim 7,
On the premise that the civil engineering structure is one in which a plurality of civil engineering structure units that are filled with a filling material in a casing formed using a net-like body are arranged on a construction surface.
As the civil engineering structure unit, after filling each housing with a packing material, a unit in which the water-retaining material is put into a gap created by the packing materials in the housing is used.
The construction method of the civil engineering structure characterized by this. In a civil engineering structure unit in which a stuffing material is filled in a casing formed using a net-like body,
A water retaining material capable of retaining water is contained in the gap created by the filling material in the housing,
A civil engineering unit characterized by that.

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