JP5345849B2 - 眼の障害のためのコンプスタチンおよびそのアナログ - Google Patents
眼の障害のためのコンプスタチンおよびそのアナログ Download PDFInfo
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- JP5345849B2 JP5345849B2 JP2008534756A JP2008534756A JP5345849B2 JP 5345849 B2 JP5345849 B2 JP 5345849B2 JP 2008534756 A JP2008534756 A JP 2008534756A JP 2008534756 A JP2008534756 A JP 2008534756A JP 5345849 B2 JP5345849 B2 JP 5345849B2
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Description
本願は、2005年10月8日に出願された仮特許出願第USSN60/725,484号、2005年10月12日に出願された同第USSN60/726,447号、および2006年1月19日に出願された同第USSN60/760,974号に対する優先権および利益を主張する。これらは全て、本明細書中に参考として援用される。
黄斑(macula)は、視神経に隣接する、眼の網膜における小さな領域(およそ3〜5ミリメートルのサイズ)である。黄斑は、網膜の最も敏感な領域であり、高い視力を可能にする陥凹領域である中心窩を含み、色覚に関与する光受容体である錐体の密度が高い領域である。
Ambati,J.ら、Surv.Ophthalmol,48(3):257−293,2003 Yannuzzi,L.A.ら、Retina,21(5):416−34,2001
本発明は、とりわけ、前述の必要性に取り組むものである。本発明は、眼の障害を処置する方法を提供し、その方法は、(i)眼の障害に対する処置が必要な被験体を提供する工程;および(ii)その被験体にコンプスタチン(compstatin)またはその補体阻害アナログを含む組成物を投与する工程を含む。多岐にわたる眼の障害のいずれかを処置することができる。例えば、黄斑変性症、脈絡膜血管新生、網膜血管新生、眼球の炎症またはこれらの任意の組み合わせを特徴とする障害を処置することができる。
「血管新生」または「血管新生の」とは、新しい血管の形成、成長および/または発生のことをいう。
(概要)
本発明は、黄斑変性症、脈絡膜血管新生、網膜血管新生、眼球の炎症または前述のものの任意の組み合わせを特徴とする眼の障害を処置するための組成物および方法を提供する。句「を特徴とする」は、黄斑変性症、CNV、RNVおよび/または眼球の炎症が、上記障害の特徴的な(すなわち、代表的な)特性であることを示すと意図されている。黄斑変性症、CNV、RNVおよび/または眼球の炎症は、上記障害の決定的な特性および/または診断的な特性であり得る。これらの特性の1つ以上を特徴とし、そして本発明の組成物および方法によって処置され得る代表的な障害としては、黄斑変性症に関連する状態、糖尿病性網膜症、未熟児網膜症、増殖性硝子体網膜症、ブドウ膜炎、角膜炎および強膜炎が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。上で述べたように、黄斑変性症とは、黄斑の変質に起因する中心の視力の喪失を特徴とする種々の変性状態のことをいう。これらの状態のうち最もよくあるものは、「非滲出」型と「滲出」型の両方が存在する加齢性黄斑変性症(ARMD)である。
補体系は、損傷および外来性の実体(例えば、感染性の物質)に対する防御に対する応答をはじめとした多くの生理学的プロセスにおいて重要な役割を果たす。補体系はまた、多くの疾患にも関与していることが知られている(Makrides,SC,Pharm Rev.,50(1):59−87)。補体系は、古典的経路および副経路として知られる2つの主な経路に関与する30個を超える血清タンパク質および細胞性タンパク質を含む(Kuby Immunology,2000)。
(コンプスタチン、コンプスタチンアナログおよびそれらの使用方法)
コンプスタチンは、補体成分C3に結合し、補体活性化を阻害する環状ペプチドである。コンプスタチンは、コンバターゼによってC3がC3aおよびC3bに切断されることを阻害する。C3が、補体活性化の3つすべての経路の中心的な成分であるので、コンプスタチンおよびそのアナログは、3つすべての経路の集中タンパク質(converging protein)の活性化を阻害することができる。任意の理論に拘束する意図はないが、コンプスタチンおよびそのアナログが補体活性化の副経路を阻害する能力は、本明細書中に記載される眼の状態のいくつかにおいて有効であることに著しく寄与し得る。
Xaa1−Cys−Val−Xaa2−Gln−Asp−Xaa2*−Gly−Xaa3−His−Arg−Cys−Xaa4(配列番号6);を有するペプチドを含む化合物であり、ここで:
Xaa1は、Ile、Val、Leu、B1−Ile、B1−Val、B1−Leu、またはGly−IleもしくはB1−Gly−Ileを含むジペプチドであり、B1は、第1の保護部分を表し;
Xaa2およびXaa2*は、独立して、TrpおよびTrpのアナログから選択され;
Xaa3は、His、AlaまたはAlaのアナログ、Phe、TrpまたはTrpのアナログであり;
Xaa4は、L−Thr、D−Thr、Ile、Val、Gly、Thr−AlaおよびThr−Asnから選択されるジペプチド、またはThr−Ala−Asnを含むトリペプチドであり、ここで、L−Thr、D−Thr、Ile、Val、Gly、AlaまたはAsnのいずれかのカルボキシ末端−OHは、必要に応じて、第2の保護部分B2によって置換されており;そして
その2つのCys残基は、ジスルフィド結合によって結合されている。
Xaa1−Cys−Val−Xaa2−Gln−Asp−Xaa2*−Gly−Xaa3−His−Arg−Cys−Xaa4(配列番号7)を有するペプチドを含む化合物であり;ここで:
Xaa1は、Ile、Val、Leu、Ac−Ile、Ac−Val、Ac−LeuまたはGly−IleもしくはAc−Gly−Ileを含むジペプチドであり;
Xaa2およびXaa2*は、独立して、TrpおよびTrpのアナログから選択され;
Xaa3は、His、AlaもしくはAlaのアナログ、Phe、TrpまたはTrpのアナログであり;
Xaa4は、L−Thr、D−Thr、Ile、Val、Gly、Thr−AlaおよびThr−Asnから選択されるジペプチド、またはThr−Ala−Asnを含むトリペプチドであり、ここで、L−Thr、D−Thr、Ile、Val、Gly、AlaまたはAsnのいずれかのカルボキシ末端−OHは、必要に応じて−NH2によって置換されており;そして
その2つのCys残基は、ジスルフィド結合によって結合されている。
コンプスタチンの構造は、当該分野で公知であり、コンプスタチンよりも高い活性を有する多くのコンプスタチンアナログのNMR構造もまた、公知である(Malik,前出)。構造的な情報は、コンプスタチン模倣物を設計するために使用され得る。
本発明は、本明細書中に記載されている網膜の状態および他の眼球の状態の処置に有効な1つ以上の他の薬剤(例えば、1つ以上の他の補体インヒビター、血管新生インヒビターなど)と一緒にコンプスタチンアナログおよびコンプスタチン模倣物を使用することを企図する。適当な補体インヒビターとしては、補体活性化のインヒビター、例えば、ウイルス性補体制御タンパク質(VCCP)(例えば、ワクシニア補体制御タンパク質(VCP)、補体の痘瘡インヒビター(SPICE))、ペプチドなどが挙げられる。本発明は、特に、2004年10月8日出願の米国特許出願番号60/616,983、2005年3月11日出願の米国特許出願番号60/660,752および2005年10月8日出願のVIRAL COMPLEMENT CONTROL PROTEINS FOR EYE DISORDERSと題された米国特許出願に記載されている薬剤のいずれかの使用を企図する。これらの補体インヒビターまたは他の補体インヒビターは、単一組成物の一部としてコンプスタチンまたはその補体阻害アナログと一緒に投与してもよいし、別々に投与してもよい。上記補体インヒビターは、連続的または同時に投与してもよいし、同じ投与経路または異なる投与経路によって投与してもよい。例えば、ある特定の薬剤は、硝子体内により都合良く投与され得、他の薬剤は、眼に近接した位置であるが、眼の外側、眼の後部、例えば、強膜の後ろに、より都合よく投与され得る。
コンプスタチンまたはそのアナログもしくは模倣物の特性のいずれかを評価するために、任意の適当な方法が使用され得る。多くのインビトロアッセイが使用され得る。例えば、薬剤が補体古典的経路または補体副経路を阻害する能力は、その薬剤の存在下または非存在下で、血清、例えば、ヒト血清、血漿または一連の補体成分による赤血球(例えば、抗体感作または抗体非感作のウサギまたはヒツジ赤血球)の補体媒介性溶血を測定することによって評価され得る。薬剤は、この阻害アッセイにおいて統計学的に有意な程度(p<0.05)に溶血を減少させる場合、補体を阻害する。
本発明は、(i)コンプスタチンまたはその補体阻害アナログ;および(ii)黄斑変性症、脈絡膜血管新生またはその両方を特徴とする網膜の障害、例えば、黄斑変性症に関連する状態、糖尿病性網膜症または未熟児網膜症の危険性のある被験体またはそれに罹患している被験体の眼に存在する成分に結合する結合部分を含む組成物を提供する。その組成物は、前述の障害のいずれかを処置または予防するために使用され得る。好ましくは、上記結合部分と、コンプスタチンまたはコンプスタチンアナログとは、連結されている。その結合は、本発明の様々な実施形態において共有結合または非共有結合であり得、直接的または間接的であり得る。上記結合部分は、例えば、以下に記載されるような抗体またはリガンドであり得る。本発明のある特定の実施形態によれば、その成分は、細胞マーカーである。本発明の他の実施形態において、その成分は、ドルーゼン構成物である。上記細胞マーカーは、細胞、好ましくは、内皮細胞または網膜色素上皮細胞の表面上または表面に発現している任意のマーカーであり得る。本発明のある特定の実施形態において、上記細胞マーカーは、細胞タイプ特異的マーカーである。
必要に応じて結合部分に連結されているコンプスタチンまたはそのアナログは、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)などの分子の付加、あるいは、化合物を安定化し、その免疫原性を低下させ、体内でのその存在時間を延長し、その溶解性を増大もしくは低減させ、そして/またはその分解に対する抵抗性を増大させる類似の分子の付加によって改変され得る。ペグ化するための方法は、当該分野で周知である(Veronese,F.M.& Harris,Adv.Drug Deliv.Rev.54,453−456,2002;Davis,F.F.,Adv.Drug Deliv.Rev.54,457−458(2002;Hinds,K.D.& Kim,S.W.Adv.Drug Deliv.Rev.54,505−530(2002;Roberts,M.J.,Bentley,M.D.& Harris,J.M.Adv.Drug Deliv.Rev.54,459−476(2002;Wang,Y.S.ら、Adv.Drug Deliv.Rev.54,547−570,2002)。多岐にわたるポリマー(例えば、PEG、およびポリペプチドが都合良く付着され得る誘導体化PEGを含む改変PEG)は、適切な結合体化の手順の詳細を提供しているNektar Advanced Pegylation 2005−2006 Product Catalog,Nektar Therapeutics,San Carlos,CAに記載されている。別の実施形態において、コンプスタチンまたはコンプスタチンアナログは、免疫グロブリンまたはその一部のFcドメインに融合される。従って、いくつかの実施形態において、コンプスタチンまたはその補体阻害アナログは、1つ以上のポリペプチドまたは非ポリペプチド成分を用いて改変され、例えば、コンプスタチンまたはコンプスタチンアナログは、ペグ化されるか、または別の部分に結合体化される。いくつかの実施形態において、上記成分は、免疫グロブリンまたはその一部のFcドメインではない。コンプスタチンおよび/またはコンプスタチンアナログは、多量体または超分子複合体の一部として提供され得、それは、単一の分子種または複数の異なる種(例えば、複数の異なるアナログ)のいずれかを含み得る。
本発明のある特定の実施形態では、1つ以上の血管新生インヒビターを使用する。血管新生インヒビターは、その主な作用メカニズムに基づいていくつかの群に分類され得る。1つの群は、標的細胞(例えば、内皮細胞)を損傷もしくは死滅させるか、または標的細胞の損傷もしくは死滅をもたらす免疫媒介性応答を引き起こす細胞傷害剤を含む。第2の群は、内皮細胞を実質的に損傷または死滅させないが、その代わりにそれらの増殖、遊走、毛細血管形成または血管新生に関連する他のプロセスを阻害する薬剤を含む。これらの群のいずれかまたは両方に入る血管新生インヒビターが使用され得る。
(コンプスタチンまたはその補体阻害アナログおよびゲル形成材料を含む組成物)
本発明は、ゲル形成材料および治療薬を含む種々の組成物を提供し、ここで、前記治療薬は、黄斑変性症、CNVまたはその両方を特徴とする網膜の障害を処置するために有効である。本発明の様々な実施形態において、治療薬は、コンプスタチンアナログである。上記組成物は、網膜の障害を処置するために有効な1つ以上のさらなる治療薬を含み得る。適当な薬剤は、本明細書中の他の箇所に記載されている。ある特定の実施形態において、ゲル形成材料は、可溶性であり、例えば、水性の溶媒に可溶性である。
(ゲル形成材料を含む組成物のための、投与の方法、用量および投薬レジメン)
任意の適当な方法を用いて、本発明のゲル形成組成物を眼の後部または眼の後部の近傍の位置に投与し得る。図1Aおよび1Bに示されるように、眼は、前部および後部に分けることができる。強膜は、薄く、無血管の層の組織であり、後部の周囲および前部の一部の眼の外側を覆っており、そして眼の前側の透明の覆いである角膜に続いている。脈絡膜および網膜は、強膜の上に位置する。視神経は、視覚的経路に沿って網膜から神経インパルスを伝達する。
黄斑変性症、糖尿病性網膜症、脈絡膜血管新生および/または眼球の炎症のうち1つ以上の特徴を再現することを試みた多くの様々な動物モデルが、当該分野で公知である。コンプスタチンまたはその補体阻害アナログを含む組成物は、自然発症の黄斑変性症および/もしくは脈絡膜血管新生を有するか、または黄斑変性症および/もしくは脈絡膜血管新生が、ある処理によって誘導された、マウス、ラット、イヌ、霊長類などに様々な用量で投与され得る。上記化合物が黄斑変性症の1つ以上の徴候または症状(例えば、CNV、RPEにおけるリポフスチンの蓄積および/またはRPEの真下のドルーゼンの蓄積、光受容体の萎縮または肥大、変化したRPE色素沈着、光受容体の喪失、変化した網膜電図など)を予防または処置する能力が、評価される。目視検査、写真、組織病理学、免疫組織学などが使用され得る。
(被験体の同定および応答の評価)
本発明の方法は、本発明の組成物が投与されるべき被験体を提供する工程を含み得る。その被験体は、代表的には、黄斑変性症、脈絡膜血管新生、網膜血管新生またはこれらの任意の組み合わせを特徴とする眼の障害の危険性があるか、またはそれに罹患している。本発明の組成物は、代表的には、そのような状態の発症を処置または予防する目的で、被験体に投与される。従って、被験体は、代表的には、そのような状態の危険性があると同定されるか、またはそのような状態に罹患していると同定されることになる。黄斑変性症および脈絡膜血管新生を診断するための方法ならびに治療に対する応答を評価するための方法は、当該分野で公知である。任意の適当な試験および基準を用いて、黄斑変性症に関連する状態、糖尿病性網膜症または脈絡膜血管新生の危険性がある被験体もしくはそれらに罹患している被験体を同定することおよび/または治療に対する応答を測定することができる。視力は、例えば、Snellenチャート、Bailey−Lovieチャート、十進法(decimal progression)チャート、Freiburg視力検査、最小解像角(MAR)の測定などを用いて測定され得る。変視症(視覚的歪曲)は、Amslerチャートを用いて測定され得る。コントラスト感度は、Pelli−Robsonチャートを用いて測定され得る。診断の研究としては、眼底の標準的な眼科検診、黄斑の生体用実体顕微鏡検査、眼底の静脈内のフルオレセイン血管造影法、眼底の写真、インドシアニングリーンビデオ血管造影法および光干渉断層撮影法が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。これらの診断の研究の1つ以上において異常を示す被験体(例えば、健常な眼に対して正常とみなされる範囲に入らない被験体)が、本発明に従って処置され得る。上で述べたように、被験体は、Aged−Related Eye Disease Studyにおいて使用される分類スキームに従って、初期、中期または進行型のARMDを有すると分類され得る。その中に記載されるカテゴリーのいずれかに入る被験体が、本発明に従って処置され得る。被験体が、すでにCNVを発症している場合、その被験体は、クラシック(classic)CNV、オカルト(occult)CNVまたはその2つの混合を有し得る。当然のことながら、文献に記載されている変法である、代替の分類スキームもまた、使用され得る。
(治療的な適用)
本発明の組成物は、黄斑変性症に関連する状態(例えば、ARMD)、糖尿病性網膜症、未熟児網膜症、硝子体過形成遺残症候群(persistent hyperplastic vitreous syndrome)、脈絡膜血管新生などを処置するために被験体(例えば、ヒト患者)に投与され得る。その被験体は、浸出性または非浸出性のARMDを有し得る。本発明のある特定の実施形態において、被験体は、浸出性ARMDを有するがRAPを有しないのに対し、他の実施形態において、被験体は、RAPを有する。ある特定の実施形態において、臨床試験において有望な結果を示すプロトコールが、使用される。
(材料および方法)
(補体インヒビター)
(Sahu,Aら、J.Immunol.,160,5596−5604,1998)に記載されているように、組換えVCPをPichia pastoris発現系において産生させ、そして精製した。VCPを様々な濃度で生理食塩水に溶解した。
(マウスにおけるCNV誘導)
C57BL/6マウス(The Jackson Laboratory)をケタミン/キシラジン(8:1)の混合物で麻酔し、1%トロピカミド一滴により瞳孔を散大させた。クリプトン赤色レーザー光凝固(スポットサイズ50μm、持続時間0.05秒、250mW)を用いて、コンタクトレンズとして手で持てるサイズのカバーガラスを使用することによって視神経の周囲にレーザースポットを生成する。レーザースポットにおける気泡の形成は、ブルッフ膜の破裂を示唆した。複数のレーザースポットは、各眼において生成された。
(マウスの眼へのVCPまたはコンプスタチンの注射)
予めCNVをレーザー誘導しておいたマウスに、VCPまたはコンプスタチンアナログを含む溶液を硝子体内注射によって投与した。様々な群のマウスに、様々な量のこの分子またはマウスアルブミン(コントロールとして)を注射することにより、VCPの有効性および毒性に対する投薬の効果を判定した。簡潔には、麻酔および瞳孔の散大の後、28ゲージの針を、前房に縁を介して刺入することにより、眼圧を下げた。網膜の可視化を可能にする手術用顕微鏡下で、その縁のすぐ後ろの強膜切開により、32ゲージの(先端が平坦な)針を硝子体腔に刺入した。Hamilton注射器を使用して、VCP、コンプスタチンアナログまたはアルブミンを含む溶液1〜3μlを注射した。
(CNVの発生率およびサイズの決定)
CNV誘導の7日後に、CNVの発生率を決定した。簡潔には、マウスを屠殺する直前にFITC−デキストラン(Sigma−Aldrich)溶液で灌流した。眼を切除し、10%リン酸緩衝ホルマリン中で1時間固定した後、RPE−脈絡膜−強膜の平らな顕微鏡標本を以下のように調製した。角膜および水晶体を除去し、感覚神経の網膜を眼杯(eyecup)から慎重に切り離した。5つの放射状切片は、眼杯の縁から赤道に向かっており;強膜−脈絡膜網膜色素上皮(RPE)複合物を、強膜を下向きにして、Aquamount中でスライドガラス上に平らに載せた。その平らに載せた標本を、抗エラスチン特異的モノクローナル抗体(Sigma−Aldrich)で染色し、次いで、適当な濃度、例えば、1.0mg/ml原液の1/200希釈のCY3結合体化2次抗体(Sigma−Aldrich)で染色した。標本を共焦点顕微鏡(LSM510,Zeiss)下で観察した。顕著な新生血管成長が、緑色に染色され、一方、ブルッフ膜の底部に存在するエラスチンは、レーザースポット内で赤色に染色された。画像を、画像解析ソフトウェアAxio Vision(Zeiss)を用いて解析した。CNVの量を、各写真における緑色蛍光の総表面積を測定することによって決定した。様々な群について平均緑色蛍光面積を得て、群間の比較のためにスチューデントのt検定および複数の群間の比較のためにANOVAを用いて比較した。試験したスポットの数は、以下のとおりであった:無処置コントロール:35スポット);マウスアルブミンコントロール:12スポット;VCP(10μg):26スポット;VCP(30μg):14スポット;コンプスタチンアナログ(30μg):27スポット。種々の異なる補体成分の沈着もまた、免疫学的技術および/またはRT−PCRを用いて測定する。
CNVの発症に対するVCPまたはコンプスタチンアナログの効果を、レーザー誘導CNVのマウスモデルにおいて試験した。簡潔には、VCP(10μg/眼または30μg/眼)またはコンプスタチン(30μg/眼)をレーザー誘導の24時間後に硝子体に注射した。CNV誘導の数日後に、CNVの発生率を測定した。屠殺する直前に、マウスをFITC−デキストラン(Sigma−Aldrich)溶液で灌流した。眼を切除し、10%リン酸緩衝ホルマリン中で固定した後、RPE−脈絡膜−強膜の平らな標本を調製し、抗エラスチン特異的モノクローナル抗体(Sigma−Aldrich)で染色し、次いで、CY3結合体化2次抗体(Sigma−Aldrich)で染色した。標本を共焦点顕微鏡(LSM510,Zeiss)下で観察した。顕著な新生血管成長が、緑色に染色され、一方、ブルッフ膜の底部に存在するエラスチンは、レーザースポット内で赤色に染色された。同様の結果が、VCPおよびコンプスタチンアナログを用いて得られた。画像を、画像解析ソフトウェアAxio Vision(Zeiss)を用いて解析した。CNVの量を、各写真における緑色蛍光の総表面積を測定することによって決定した。様々な群について平均緑色蛍光面積を得て、群間の比較のためにスチューデントのt検定および複数の群間の比較のためにANOVAを用いて比較した。結果を表2および図4のグラフにおいて報告する。表2において、「コンプスタチン」は、図2に示されるコンプスタチンアナログのことを指している。表およびグラフの両方から明らかであるように、無処置またはアルブミン投与と比べて、30μgのVCPまたはコンプスタチンアナログの投与によって、CNVの平均面積の統計的に有意な減少が引き起こされた。コンプスタチンアナログは、μgベースでVCPよりもいくらか有効であるようであったが、その差は、これらのサンプルサイズでは統計的に有意ではなかった。
(コラーゲン原液の調製)
すべての処方物のためのコラーゲンをブタの真皮から調製する。分割したブタの皮をLampire Biological Laboratories(Pipersville,PA)から得る。分割した皮を試薬アルコールですすぎ、受け取る前に冷凍貯蔵所に置く。分割した真皮の切片を小片(約1cm2)に切断し、試薬アルコールに浸漬し、次いで、滅菌水で大規模に洗浄する。洗浄した片を20容積の0.5M HCl中に30分間置き、滅菌水で洗浄し、次いで、20容積の0.5N NaOH中に30分間置く。この両方の処理は、ウイルス価を最大6対数減少させるのに有効であることが示されている。さらに、この両方の処理は、細菌の容量を最大9対数減少するという著しい殺菌効果を有することが示されている。化学的に殺菌された真皮を滅菌水中で大規模に洗浄し、計量し、そして20容積(v/w)の0.5M酢酸中に置く。それらの片を72時間撹拌し、ブタの粘膜ペプシンを、部分的に腫大した真皮に加える。
コラーゲン純度を測定するためのSDS−PAGEによる解析;
残留グリコサミノグリカンの量を測定するためのウロン酸の解析
総コラーゲン濃度を測定するためのヒドロキシプロリンのアッセイ;
相転移の温度を測定するために示差走査熱量測定(純粋で、未変性のテロペプチドが少ないコラーゲンは、約39℃で転移を開始する)
USP法を用いた滅菌
LAL法を用いたエンドトキシン
(ゲル化コラーゲン溶液のインサイチュにおける調製)
固体のNaClを0.8Mになるように加えることによって、精製されたペプシン消化コラーゲンを沈殿させる。得られた沈殿物を3500RPMでの遠心分離で回収し、湿重量を測定し、そして沈殿物を、50,000ダルトンのNMWカットオフを有する透析チューブに入れる。最終的なコラーゲン溶液が30および50mg/mL(3および5%)で生成されるのに十分な沈殿物を加える試みがなされる。そのチューブを、20容積の脱イオン水中の0.035M EDTA,pH 5.0中に置き、振動しながら24時間透析する。この時点で、その透析チューブを、0.035M EDTA,pH5.5の別の20容積に移す。透析を再度24時間行ったあと、そのチューブを0.035M EDTA,pH6.0中に置く。pH7.5の最終的なEDTA溶液における透析までこの順序を続ける。このEDTA透析中のpHの緩上昇によって、中性pHにおいて「可溶性」のままであるコラーゲン調製物がもたらされる。これは、中性pHかつ室温において原線維形成を自発的に起こす標準的なコラーゲン溶液と対照的である。中性pHのEDTA処理コラーゲン溶液は、貯蔵中は溶液のままであり、生理学的流体に曝露されるとゲル化および原線維形成を迅速に起こす。
(材料:)
・96ウェルELISAプレート(Corning 3590)
・ニワトリOVA(Sigma A5378)
・ポリクローナル抗ニワトリOVA(Abcam ab 1221−100)
・PBS中のBSA1%−Calbiochem #126626 1/30希釈
・Veronal緩衝液+0.5mM MgCl2+0.15mM CaCl2(VB++)
・血清(最終濃度5μg/mlのLipirudinを用いて回収したもの)
・抗ヒトC3 HRP結合体化Ab(Poly to C3−HRP Ab,Cappel 55237)
・Tween−20洗浄緩衝液(PBS中0.05%)
・TMB(ペルオキシダーゼ基質)−BD51−2607KCと51−2606KCとの1:1混合物
・3M H2SO4
・マイクロプレートリーダー。
1.1%ニワトリOVA(PBS中)を50μl/ウェルで加える。
2.室温で2時間インキュベートする。
3.プレートを振盪して、軽くたたくことによって取り出す。
4.200μlの1%BSA/PBSを加えることによってブロッキングする。
5.室温で1時間インキュベートする。
6.プレートを振盪して、軽くたたくことによって取り出す。
7.1%BSA/PBS中のポリクローナル抗ニワトリOVAの1/1000希釈物50μlを加える。
8.室温で1時間インキュベートする。
9.洗浄緩衝液で2回洗浄する。
10.50μlのVB++をウェル#2〜12に加える。
11.100μlの出発化合物の希釈物(VB++中に2×)をウェル1に加える。
12.その化合物をウェル1〜10を以下のように連続希釈する(1:2)。
注意:ウェル#10から50μlを取り出し廃棄すること。
13.50μlの2×血漿希釈物をウェル1〜11に加える。
14.1時間インキュベートする。
15.洗浄緩衝液で2回洗浄する。
16.1%BSA/PBS中のC3−HRP Abの1/1000希釈物50μlを加える。
17.1時間インキュベートする。
18.100μlのTMBをすべてのウェルに加える。
19.30分間インキュベートする。
20.50μlの3M H2SO4を加える。
21.405nmでプレートを読み出す。
(処方:)
Barbital 5mM
NaCl 72.5mM
MgCl2 0.5mM
CaCl2 0.15mM
pH 7.3−7.4。
(実施例5:コンプスタチンアナログの補体阻害活性を評価する補体副経路活性化に対するELISAベースアッセイの使用)
(材料:)
・96ウェルELISAプレート(Corning 3590)
・Salmonella typhosa由来のLPS−Sigma L7136(PBS中40μg/ml)
・PBS中のBSA1%−Calbiochem #126626 1/30希釈物
・Veronal緩衝液+10mM MgCl2+10mM EGTA(VB−Mg EGTA)
・血清(最終濃度5μg/mlのLipirudinを用いて回収したもの)
・抗ヒトC3 HRP結合体化Ab(Poli to C3−HRP Ab,Cappel 55237)
・Tween−20洗浄緩衝液(PBS中0.05%)
・TMB(ペルオキシダーゼ基質)−BD51−2607KCと51−2606KCとの1:1混合物
・3M H2SO4
・マイクロプレートリーダー。
22.40μg/ml(PBS中)のLPSを50μl/ウェルで加える。
23.室温で2時間インキュベートする。
24.プレートを振盪して、軽くたたくことによって取り出す。
25.200μlの1%BSA/PBSを加えることによってブロッキングする。
26.室温で1時間インキュベートする。
27.プレートを振盪して、軽くたたくことによって取り出す。
28.ウェル#2〜12に50μlのVB−Mg EGTAを加える。
29.100μlの出発化合物希釈物(VB−Mg EGTA中2×)をウェル1に加える。
30.その化合物をウェル1〜10を以下のように連続希釈する(1:2)。
注意:ウェル#10から50μlを取り出し廃棄すること。
31.50μlの2×血漿希釈物をウェル1〜11に加える。
32.1時間インキュベートする。
33.洗浄緩衝液で2回洗浄する。
34.1%BSA/PBS中のC3−HRP Abの1/1000希釈物50μlを加える。
35.1時間インキュベートする。
36.100μlのTMBをすべてのウェルに加える。
37.10分間インキュベートする。
38.50μlの3M H2SO4を加える。
39.405nmでプレートを読み出す。
当業者は、本明細書中に記載された本発明の特定の実施形態に対する多くの等価物を認識するだろうし、単なる日常的な実験を用いて確かめることができるだろう。本発明の範囲は、上記の説明に限定されると意図されないが、添付の特許請求の範囲に示されるとおりである。本発明は、決して、任意の特定の実施例または任意の特定の実施形態によって達成された特定の結果に左右されるわけでないことが理解されるだろう。請求項において、「a」、「an」および「the」などは、逆のことが示されないか、または文脈から別のことが明らかにでない限り、1以上を意味し得る。ある群の中の1つ以上のメンバーの間に「または」を含む請求項または説明は、逆のことが示されないか、または文脈から別のことが明らかでない限り、その群のメンバーの1つ以上またはすべてが、所定の生成物またはプロセス中に存在するか、それらにおいて使用されるか、または、それらと別途関連がある場合に、満足していると考えられる。本発明は、その群の中のただ1つのメンバーが、所定の生成物もしくはプロセス中に存在するか、所定の生成物もしくはプロセス中において使用されるか、または、所定の生成物もしくはプロセスと別途関連がある、実施形態を含む。例えば、非限定的ではあるが、請求項または説明において、特定の位置における残基が、アミノ酸またはアミノ酸アナログの特定の群から選択され得ることが示される場合に、本発明は、その位置における残基が、列挙されたアミノ酸またはアミノ酸アナログのいずれかである個別の実施形態を含むことが理解される。本発明はまた、その群のメンバーのうちの2つ以上のメンバーまたはすべてのメンバーが、所定の生成物もしくはプロセス中に存在するか、所定の生成物もしくはプロセスにおいて使用されるか、または所定の生成物もしくはプロセスと別途関連がある、実施形態も含む。さらに、本発明は、列挙された請求項のうちの1つ以上に由来する1つ以上の制限、エレメント、節、記述用語などが、別の請求項に導入されている、変形、組み合わせおよび順列のすべてを包含することが理解されるべきである。特に、別の請求項に従属している任意の請求項は、基礎となる同じ請求項に従属する他の任意の請求項に見られる1つ以上のエレメントまたは制限を含むように改変され得る。さらに、請求項が組成物を示している場合、矛盾または不一致が生じることが別途示されないかまたはそれが当業者に明らかでない限り、本明細書中に開示される方法のいずれかに従ってその組成物を投与する方法および本明細書中に開示される目的のいずれかのためにその組成物を使用する方法が含まれること、ならびに、本明細書中に開示される作製方法のいずれかに従ってその組成物を作製する方法が含まれることが理解されるべきである。
Claims (40)
- 被験体の加齢性黄斑変性症(ARMD)の処置において使用するための、有効量のコンプスタチンアナログを含む組成物であって、
該コンプスタチンアナログは、Xaa1−Cys−Val−Xaa2−Gln−Asp−Xaa2*−Gly−Xaa3−His−Arg−Cys−Xaa4のコア配列を有する環状ペプチドを含む化合物であって、
Xaa1は、Ile、Val、Leu、B1−Ile、B1−Val、B1−Leu、またはGly−IleもしくはB1−Gly−Ileを含むジペプチドであり;
B1は第1の保護部分を表し;
Xaa2およびXaa2*は、独立して、TrpおよびTrpアナログから選択され;
Xaa3は、His、Ala、2−Abu、Phe、Trp、またはTrpアナログであり;
Xaa4は、L−Thr、D−Thr、Ile、Val、Gly、Thr−AlaおよびThr−Asnから選択されるジペプチド、またはThr−Ala−Asnを含むトリペプチドであり、ここで該L−Thr、該D−Thr、該Ile、該Val、該Gly、該Ala、または該Asnのいずれかのカルボキシ末端−OHは、第2の保護部分B2によって適宜置換され;
該2つのCys残基は、ジスルフィド結合によって結合されていて;
該Trpアナログは、置換もしくは非置換の二環式芳香族環成分、または、置換もしくは非置換の2つ以上の単環式芳香族環成分を含み;
B 1 はアシル基であり;および
B 2 は−NH 2 または−NHアルキルである、
ことを特徴とする、組成物。 - 該ペプチドが、N−末端でアセチル化されているか、C−末端でアミド化されているか、またはN−末端でアセチル化されかつC−末端でアミド化されている、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- Xaa1が、Ile、Val、Leu、Ac−Ile、Ac−Val、Ac−Leu、またはGly−IleもしくはAc−Gly−Ileを含むジペプチドであり;
Xaa2およびXaa2*が、独立して、TrpおよびTrpアナログから選択され;
Xaa3が、His、Ala、2−Abu、Phe、Trp、またはTrpアナログであり;
Xaa4が、L−Thr、D−Thr、Ile、Val、Gly、Thr−AlaおよびThr−Asnから選択されるジペプチド、またはThr−Ala−Asnを含むトリペプチドであり、ここで、該L−Thr、該D−Thr、該Ile、該Val、該Gly、該Ala、または該Asnのいずれかのカルボキシ末端−OHは、−NH2によって適宜置換されている、
請求項1に記載の組成物。 - Xaa2が、Trpアナログである、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- Xaa2がTrpアナログであり、およびXaa2 * がTrpである、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- Xaa2*が、Trpアナログである、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 該コンプスタチンアナログが、表1の配列番号11−32からなる群から選択される配列を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 該コンプスタチンアナログが、表1の配列番号14、21、28、29、および32からなる群から選択される配列を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 該コンプスタチンアナログが、表1の配列番号30および31からなる群から選択される配列を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- Xaa1がIleであり、およびXaa4がL−Thrである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- Xaa3が、Alaである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が、硝子体内に投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が、眼球挿入物において硝子体内に投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 該組成物の100〜500μgの量が、眼球挿入物において硝子体内に投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 該組成物の100〜10,000μgの量が、徐放処方物において硝子体内に投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が、100〜10,000μgの該コンプスタチンアナログを集合的に含む複数のマイクロ粒子またはナノ粒子を含む徐放処方物において硝子体内に投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が、眼または眼の近傍に局所的に投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が、液体として局所的に投与される、請求項17に記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が、眼球のまたは眼周囲の埋没物または挿入物において局所的に投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 該被験体が加齢性黄斑変性症に罹患していて、かつ、網膜血管腫状増殖(RAP)の危険性があるかまたはそれに罹患している、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 該被験体が加齢性黄斑変性症に罹患していて、かつ、脈絡膜血管新生(CNV)の危険性があるかまたはそれに罹患している、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 該被験体が加齢性黄斑変性症に罹患していて、かつ、網膜血管新生(RNV)の危険性があるかまたはそれに罹患している、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 該被験体がARMDの危険性を増大させる1つ以上の遺伝的多型を有すると同定されている、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 該コンプスタチンアナログを投与する4週間前までに、有効量の血管新生インヒビターが投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 被験体の眼における新生血管形成の処置において使用するための、有効量のコンプスタチンアナログを含む組成物であって、
該コンプスタチンアナログは、Xaa1−Cys−Val−Xaa2−Gln−Asp−Xaa2*−Gly−Xaa3−His−Arg−Cys−Xaa4のコア配列を有する、11アミノ酸長の環状部を含む環状ペプチドを含む化合物であり、
Xaa1は、Ile、Val、Leu、B1−Ile、B1−Val、B1−Leu、またはGly−IleもしくはB1−Gly−Ileを含むジペプチドであり;
B1は第1の保護部分を表し;
Xaa2およびXaa2*は、独立して、TrpおよびTrpアナログから選択され;
Xaa3は、His、Ala、2−Abu、Phe、Trp、またはTrpアナログであり;
Xaa4は、L−Thr、D−Thr、Ile、Val、Gly、Thr−AlaおよびThr−Asnから選択されるジペプチド、またはThr−Ala−Asnを含むトリペプチドであり、ここで該L−Thr、該D−Thr、該Ile、該Val、該Gly、該Ala、または該Asnのいずれかのカルボキシ末端−OHは、第2の保護部分B2によって適宜置換され;
該2つのCys残基は、ジスルフィド結合によって結合されていて;
該Trpアナログは、置換もしくは非置換の二環式芳香族環成分、または、置換もしくは非置換の2つ以上の単環式芳香族環成分を含み;
B 1 はアシル基であり;および
B 2 は−NH 2 または−NHアルキルである、
ことを特徴とする、組成物。 - 該組成物が液体として投与される、請求項25に記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が、眼球後注射、眼球周囲注射、テノン嚢下注射、結膜下注射、および硝子体内注射からなる群から選択される方法によって投与される、請求項25に記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が、軟膏またはゲルとして投与される、請求項25に記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が、眼球のまたは眼周囲の埋没物または挿入物おいて投与される、請求項25に記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が体内に導入された後にゲルを形成する溶液として投与される、請求項25に記載の組成物。
- 該被験体が、加齢性黄斑変性症の危険性があるかまたはそれに罹患しており、かつ、網膜血管腫状増殖(RAP)、網膜血管新生(RNV)の危険性があるかまたはそれに罹患しているか;または
該被験体が、ARMDの危険性を増大させる1つ以上の遺伝的多型を有すると同定されているか;または
該被験体が、加齢性黄斑変性症の危険性を増大する遺伝的多型を有するか否かがさらに決定される、
請求項25に記載の組成物。 - 該被験体が、検出可能な脈絡膜血管新生を発症しておらず、該組成物が、脈絡膜血管新生の発症を予防または遅延する、請求項25に記載の組成物。
- 該被験体が、検出可能な脈絡膜血管新生を発症しており、該組成物が脈絡膜血管新生の進行速度を低下させるかまたは脈絡膜血管新生の後退を引き起こす、請求項25に記載の組成物。
- 該コンプスタチンアナログを含む組成物が、該被験体に複数回投与される、請求項25に記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が硝子体内注射によって投与される、請求項34に記載の組成物。
- 該ペプチドが、N−末端でアセチル化されているか、C−末端でアミド化されているか、またはN−末端でアセチル化されかつC−末端でアミド化されている、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- Xaa2が1−メチルトリプトファンであり、および
Xaa3がAlaである、
請求項10に記載の組成物。 - 該ペプチドが、N−末端でアセチル化されているか、C−末端でアミド化されているか、またはN−末端でアセチル化されかつC−末端でアミド化されている、請求項37に記載の組成物。
- Xaa2*がTrpである、請求項37に記載の組成物。
- Xaa2*が5−フルオロ−トリプトファンである、請求項37に記載の組成物。
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JP2009511496A (ja) | 2009-03-19 |
DK1951279T3 (en) | 2017-07-31 |
CN103505718B (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
PL1951279T3 (pl) | 2017-12-29 |
WO2007044668A3 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
EP1951279B1 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
CN105582523A (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
AU2006302212B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
JP6305382B2 (ja) | 2018-04-04 |
BRPI0617186A2 (pt) | 2011-07-19 |
EP2662089A3 (en) | 2014-02-19 |
JP2016026178A (ja) | 2016-02-12 |
IL190695A0 (en) | 2008-11-03 |
AU2006302212A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
CN101325963B (zh) | 2016-01-27 |
CN105582523B (zh) | 2022-04-15 |
WO2007044668A2 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
MX351152B (es) | 2017-10-04 |
CN103505718A (zh) | 2014-01-15 |
JP2013173754A (ja) | 2013-09-05 |
EP1951279A2 (en) | 2008-08-06 |
CA2625206A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
IL190695A (en) | 2017-10-31 |
CA2625206C (en) | 2021-12-07 |
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EP2662089A2 (en) | 2013-11-13 |
JP2017226666A (ja) | 2017-12-28 |
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